CSC Network Security
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1 CSC Network Security Topic 5.1: IKE Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 1 IKE Overview IKE = ISAKMP + part of OAKLEY + part of SKEME ISAKMP determines How two peers communicate How these messages are constructed How to secure the communication between the two peers No actual key exchange Oakley Key exchange protocol Combining these two requires a Domain of Interpretation (DOI) RFC 2407 Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 2
2 IKE Overview (Cont d) A separate RFC has been published for IKE RFC 2409 Request-response protocol Initiator Responder Two phases Phase 1: Establish an IKE (ISAKMP) SA Essentially the ISAKMP phase 1 Bi-directional Phase 2: Use the IKE SA to establish IPsec SAs Key exchange phase Directional Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 3 IKE Overview (Cont d) Several Modes Phase 1: Main mode: identity protection Aggressive mode Phase 2: Quick mode Other modes New group mode Not in phase 1 or 2; Follows phase 1 Establish a new group to use in future negotiations Informational exchanges ISAKMP notify payload ISAKMP delete payload Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 4
3 IPSEC Architecture Revisited IPSec module 1 What to establish IPSec module 2 SPD SPD IKE IKE SAD IPSec SA IPSec SAD IKE policies (How to establish the IPsec SAs): 1. Encryption algorithm; 2. Hash algorithm; 3. D-H group; 4. Authentication method. Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 5 IKE Phase 1 Four authentication methods Digital signature Authentication with public key encryption The above method revised Authentication with a pre-shared key Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 6
4 IKE Phase 1 (Cont d) IKE Phase 1 goal: Establish a shared secret SKEYID With signature authentication SKEYID = prf(ni_b Nr_b, g xy ) With public key encryption SKEYID = prf(hash(ni_b Nr_b), CKY-I CKY-R) With pre-shared key SKEYID = prf(pre-shared-key, Ni_b Nr_b) Notations: prf: pseudo random function CKY-I/CKY-R: I s (or R s) cookie Ni_b/Nr_b: the body of I s (or R s) nonce Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 7 IKE Phase 1 (Cont d) Three groups of keys Derived key for non-isakmp negotiations SKEYID_d = prf(skeyid, gxy CKY-I CKY-R 0) Authentication key SKEYID_a = prf(skeyid, SKEYID_d gxy CKY-I CKY-R 1) Encryption key SKEYID_e = prf(skeyid, SKEYID_a gxy CKY-I CKY-R 2) Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 8
5 IKE Phase 1 (Cont d) To authenticate the established key Initiator generates HASH_I = prf(skeyid, g^xi g^xr CKY-I CKY-R SAi_b IDii_b) Responder generates HASH_R = prf(skeyid, g^xr g^xi CKY-R CKY-I SAi_b IDir_b) Authentication with digital signatures HASH_I and HASH_R are signed and verified Public key encryption or pre-shared key HASH_I and HASH_R directly directly authenticate the exchange. Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 9 IKE Phase 1 Authenticated with Signatures Main Mode Initiator Responder HDR, SA HDR, SA HDR, KE, Ni HDR, KE, Nr HDR*, IDii, [CERT,] SIG_I HDR*, IDir, [CERT,] SIG_R Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 10
6 IKE Phase 1 Authenticated with Signatures Agressive Mode Initiator Responder HDR, SA, KE, Ni, IDii HDR, SA, KE, Nr, IDir, [CERT,] SIG_R HDR, [CERT,] SIG_I Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 11 IKE Phase 2 -- Quick Mode Not a complete exchange itself Must be bound to a phase 1 exchange Used to derive keying materials for IPsec SAs Information exchanged with quick mode must be protected by the ISAKMP SA Essentially a SA negotiation and an exchange of nonces Generate fresh key material Prevent replay attack Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 12
7 IKE Phase 2 -- Quick Mode (Cont d) Basic Quick Mode Refresh the keying material derived from phase 1 Quick Mode with optional KE payload Transport additional exponentiation Provide PFS Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 13 IKE Phase 2 -- Quick Mode (Cont d) Initiator HDR*, HASH(1), SA, Ni, [,KE] [, IDci, IDcr] Responder HDR*, HASH(2), SA, Nr, [, KE] [, IDci, IDcr] HDR*, HASH(3) HASH(1) = prf(skeyid_a, M-ID SA Ni [ KE ] [ IDci IDcr ) HASH(2) = prf(skeyid_a, M-ID Ni_b SA Nr [ KE ] [ IDci IDcr ) HASH(3) = prf(skeyid_a, 0 M-ID Ni_b Nr_b) Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 14
8 IKE Phase 2 -- Quick Mode (Cont d) If PFS is not needed, and KE payloads are not exchanged, the new keying material is defined as KEYMAT = prf(skeyid_d, protocol SPI Ni_b Nr_b) If PFS is desired and KE payloads were exchanged, the new keying material is defined as KEYMAT = prf(skeyid_d, g(qm) xy protocol SPI Ni_b Nr_b) where g(qm) xy is the shared secret from the ephemeral Diffie-Hellman exchange of this Quick Mode. In either case, "protocol" and "SPI" are from the ISAKMP Proposal Payload that contained the negotiated Transform. Dr. Peng Ning CSC 774 Network Security 15
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Implementing Internet Key Exchange Security Protocol Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is a key management protocol standard that is used in conjunction with the IP Security (IPSec) standard. IPSec is a feature
Computer Security 3e. Dieter Gollmann. Security.di.unimi.it/sicurezza1415/ Chapter 16: 1
Computer Security 3e Dieter Gollmann Security.di.unimi.it/sicurezza1415/ Chapter 16: 1 Chapter 16: Communications Security Chapter 16: 2 Agenda Threat model Secure tunnels Protocol design principles IPsec
IPsec NAT Transparency
sec NAT Transparency First Published: November 25, 2002 Last Updated: March 1, 2011 The sec NAT Transparency feature introduces support for Security (sec) traffic to travel through Network Address Translation
FOILING AN ATTACK DEFEATING IPSEC TUNNEL FINGERPRINTING. Vafa D. Izadinia, D. G. Kourie, J.H.P. Eloff
FOILING AN ATTACK DEFEATING IPSEC TUNNEL FINGERPRINTING Vafa D. Izadinia, D. G. Kourie, J.H.P. Eloff ICSA Research Group Computer Science Department University of Pretoria {vafa,dkourie,eloff}@cs.up.ac.za
VPN, IPsec and TLS. stole slides from Merike Kaeo apricot2017 1
VPN, IPsec and TLS stole slides from Merike Kaeo apricot2017 1 Virtual Private Network Overlay Network a VPN is built on top of a public network (Internet)
Internet security and privacy
Internet security and privacy IPsec 1 Layer 3 App. TCP/UDP IP L2 L1 2 Operating system layers App. TCP/UDP IP L2 L1 User process Kernel process Interface specific Socket API Device driver 3 IPsec Create