IT 352 : Lecture 1. Network Basics Review. Najwa AlGhamdi, MSc 2012 /1433
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1 IT 352 : Lecture 1 Network Basics Review Najwa AlGhamdi, MSc 2012 /1433
2 Outline 1. OSI Reference Model. 2. IP, UDP, TCP. 3. Directory Service. 4. Replicated Service. 5. Packet Switches. 6. Destination : Ultimate and Next hop. 7. Address Structure.
3 By the end of this session, you will.. Review the main concepts of network
4 OSI Reference Model Why OSI? to standardize computer networking. International Organization of Standardization ISO Why 7 layers? To subdivide the problems in smaller task instead of one big task. Each layer 1. User service of the layer bellow. 2. adds functionality and provides service for layer above.
5 OSI Reference Model Physical Layer Defines characteristics the physical link between end systems,such as voltage levels and physical data rates. It delivers unstructured stream of bits. ex :01010 If you want to remember Layer 1 in as few words as possible, think of signals and media.
6 OSI Reference Model Data link Layer The data link layer provides reliable transit of data across a single physical link. It organizes bits from physical layer into frames. Other services 1. Physical addressing (MAC) 2. Error notification, 3. Ordered delivery of frames. If you want to remember Layer 2 in as few words as possible, think of frames and media access control.
7 OSI Reference Model The network layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks. If you want to remember Layer 3 in as few words as possible, think of path selection, routing, and addressing.
8 OSI Reference Model The transport layer 1. Acknowledgment : Establish a reliable communication stream between systems by putting sequence number in packets 2. Flow of control : Holding packets to destination in order. 3. Retransmission of lost packets.
9 OSI Reference Model The Session layer establishes, manages, and terminates reliable sessions between two communicating hosts.. If you want to remember Layer 5 in as few words as possible, think of dialogues and conversations.
10 OSI Reference Model The Session layer establishes, manages, and terminates reliable sessions between two communicating hosts.. If you want to remember Layer 5 in as few words as possible, think of dialogues and conversations.
11 OSI Reference Model The Presentation layer Ensures that the information that the application layer of one system sends out is readable by the application layer of another system. If necessary, the presentation layer translates between multiple data formats by using a common format. If you want to think of Layer 6 in as few words as possible, think of a common data format
12 OSI Reference Model The Application layer It is closest to the user; it provides network services to the user s applications. Examples of such applications are spreadsheet programs, word processing programs, and bank terminal programs. If you want to remember Layer 7 in as few words as possible, think of browsers.
13 OSI Reference Model
14 IP, UDP, TCP Layer 4 Protocols TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery of a unlimited size stream of bytes from end to end. Ensure no duplication, disordering, or connection termination. Application use it : . UDP sends limited sized individual chucks with best effort services. Other applications, which do not require reliable data stream service, and uses UDP to reduce latency over reliability. Application use it : Voice over IP (VoIP).
15 IP, UDP, TCP Layer 3 Protocol IP layer (layer3) adds a header that specifies source and destination address. IP specifies the destination machine. Port is layer 4 header that specifies which destination process should receive the packet. Layer 4 Protocols TCP : provides reliable, ordered delivery of a unlimited size stream of bytes from end to end. Ensure no duplication, disordering, or connection termination.
16 IP, UDP, TCP Both TCP & UDP have fields for 1. Source port. 2. Destination port. TCP additionally has 1. Sequence number. 2. Acknoweldgment.
17 Directory Service In order to communicated with a network layer in a node, u need to know that layer address. Directory Service will store all information about a network including layer address. Directory service is structured as a tree of directories To prevent the directory from being large. Reduce name collesion.
18 Replicated service One or more computers performing the same function. Powerful performance. Availability. Security issues Coordinating authintication information over replicas.
19 Packet Switching Forwarding messages from computer to another until it reaches the final destination. Ex of MSGs forwarders: switch, routers, gateways, bridges. Why MSGs are broken 1. To avoid latency. 2. Error recovery. 3. Buffer Management.
20 Network Component Network is a collection of packet switches and links. Nodes in network could be 1. Client : allow human to access resources. 2. Server : provide services such as file storage.
21 Destinations : Ultimate and Next hop A B R1 R2 R5 R6 D R3 R4 R7 Link Data link layer Network Layer NEXT HOP ULTIMATE A R2 R2 R5 A NONE R2 NONE A D R5 R6 R5 R6 R6 - D R6 D
22 References Network Security : Private Communication in a Public World, Chapter 1, Section /LAN2.ppt.
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