FINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end. Exam 1 Review Material

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1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW PLEASE NOTE THE MATERIAL FROM LECTURE #16 at the end Chapters in the book 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Exam 1 Review Material Topics You are also responsible for the reading in the chapters understanding what we did during the in-class exercises (you don t have to replicate anything on the PC, but should have an understand of what you did and how it relates to the lecture and book) and understanding any material covered in HWs and quizzes Lecture #1: Chapter 1, Networking Basics: Introduction to computer networking (8/28) Difference between WAN and LAN Characteristics of WAN and LAN (compare and contrast the two) Examples of network services Understand protocols and standards and how they relate Define application and program Define standard Define architecture and know the different logical architectures (CS, P2P, host-based) Client vs- server History of the Internet and the WWW (how does WWW differ from the Internet? they are NOT the same thing) Lecture #2: Chapter 2, The OSI Model (9/2) The OSI and protocols Define protocol stack Define and explain encapsulation Know the OSI model and the basics of what occurs at each of the 7 layers Describe basic functionality of each layer and provide example protocols and/or services. The focus of this test is on layers 1 and 2. How are they different? What functionality and addressing occurs? What devices (from a general operational standpoint) work at each layer? Lecture #3: Chapter 3, Transmission Basics (9/4) Define data, signal, transmission, and communication channel Data are transmitted via electromagnetic radiation and different parts of the frequency spectrum can be used for data transmission Define bandwidth, attenuation, noise, distortion Analog vs- digital What are the four properties of analog signals (differentiate between the four) How are analog signals propagated over distance? Digital signals?

2 What is involved in analog to digital signal conversion? Understand why conversion occurs between analog and digital data and that different data can be sent using different types of signals Lecture #4: Chapter 3, Transmission Basics Continued (9/9) RS232 (what is this and why is it important in networking?) What is baud and why is it not equal to the bit rate for more complex modulation schemes? Define and differentiate between line encoding, modulation, and multiplexing What are the types of modulation we discussed? What are the types of multiplexing we discussed? Baseband vs- broadband Understand that different cables can transmit different signal types and can be used for different applications Why do wired LANs typically use baseband signaling technologies? Lecture #5: Chapter 3, Networking Media and Layer 1 hardware (9/11) Basic computer communication 3 types of cables we discussed differences, features, benefits, drawbacks, connectors Basic properties of different cable types and connectors Copper - UTP, STP, coaxial Difference between Cat 5, 6, 7 Different types of fiber (multimode versus single mode) Wireless transmission discussion regulation, types of modulation, frequency bands used Know IEEE 802 standard designations 802.3, , and The NIC (what does it do? What OSI layers does it span?) Serial vs- parallel transmission Layer 1 hardware Hubs vs- repeater MAU vs- hub (We associated MAU with token passing, ring-based topology. How is this different from a star-based topology using a hub?) Lecture #6: Chap 5, LAN Topologies, Data Link Protocols, and Access Techniques (9/16) Define topology How is topology different from architecture? 3 basic topologies (bus, star, ring) + extensions of those topologies Wireless topologies (adhoc and infrastructure) What is the locality of reference? 3 basic access techniques how these techniques work, characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, token passing,) + terms like collision, contention, binary exponential back off

3 Lecture #7: Review of Access techniques and introduction to Switching concepts (9/18) Difference between architecture and topology Discussion of access techniques and how they work Why the concept of a packet is important Difference between packet and frame What is switching? Characteristics and history of different types of switching packet versus circuit Connectionless vs- connection-based service Understand difference between connection-based transmission via a physical circuit and connection-based transmission via a virtual circuit LAN distance limitations due to access technique Lecture #8: Chap 6, Layer 2 networking hardware + bridging, switching, data-link errors (9/23) At this point, you should clearly understand the difference between layer 1 functionality and layer 2 functionality, as well as between layer 2 addressing and layer 3 addressing Define frame filtering and why it is important Define collision and broadcast domains and how they are different What is a broadcast and why is this topic relevant in LAN communication versus communication off the LAN Describe the purpose for bridging a LAN and what the implications are for partitioning a network What is a spanning tree algorithm? Different types of bridge functionality Define unicast, broadcast, and multicast How a bridge works How as switch works Switch vs- hub Different types of switches Layer 2 error checking What does higher layer switching imply?

4 Test #2 Review Material Fall 2014 Chapters in the book specifically focused on 4 and 9 with material from 5 and 6 included. The material for this test is cumulative. I don t think you can understand the material related to test 2 if you did not understand what was going on at the beginning of the semester. This test requires an understanding of the material from the first test as well. If you need to go back and review that material, you should do so. Topics You are also responsible for the reading in the chapters and understanding any material covered in HWs, labs (no process-based questions just concepts) and quizzes Lecture #9: Name Resolution, Address Resolution and DNS (9/30) What is name resolution? What is address resolution What is a domain? What is a workgroup? How are domains and workgroups different? What is a host name? Understand what a host file is and that it is a static file What is NetBIOS? Understand that there are 2 versions of NetBIOS resolution and how they differ Understand there are 2 versions of FQDN resolution and how they differ What is a directory service and its relationship to c/s architecture? What does it mean to be authenticated? What is Active Directory and basics on how it works What is DNS and how does it work? Understand reasons for DNS hierarchy and how URLs are read Understand hierarchical addresses / names and why non-hierarchical names/addresses cannot be routed Root server and authoritative server Explain how DNS works when you enter a URL Lecture #10: Introduction to internetworking and IP (10/2) Why are networking protocols important? Define logical and physical interface What is an internetwork and why is the concept of internetworking so important? Universal service Map between TCP/IP model and OSI model Which model was developed first? Differentiate between IP and MAC addresses Understand address resolution What is ARP and how does it work? Understand connectionless versus connection-based service concepts and characteristics of each What is a virtual packet?

5 Understand basics of IP datagram (do not have to memorize details on fields or header information) Understand encapsulation and how data are transmitted from one LAN routed across the Internet and received on another LAN Lecture #11: More on IP, introduction to routing MTU, fragmentation, and IP address classes (10/7) What is a router and how does it work? Differentiate between a default gateway and an application gateway Describe the routing process Understand what a routing table is and why it is used Routing logic decision tree Fragmentation and reassembly concepts What is an MTU and why is it important with respect to datagrams? Different classes of IP addresses Identify prefix and suffix of each class and explain what this means Tell what range of addresses belong to specific class Which class has most networks / hosts? Be able to decompose an IP address Lecture 12: Subnetting examples the basic material involved in HW #4 (10/9) How to determine a subnet mask Define explicit IP address ranges depending on subnet scheme Identify network address and broadcast address Read the online file I posted and make sure you understand the HW (10/16) Permissions math from Lab #2 (network / share) permissions all refer to the same thing versus (local / NTFS / interactive) permissions Lecture #13: Routing protocols, CIDR, and subnetting (10/21) What is a routing table? Differentiate between static and dynamic routing and the consequences/uses of both Routing hierarchy autonomous system concept What is a routing metric? Give an example Difference between routing protocols and routable protocols? Examples of protocols or types of protocols that are not routable EGPs and IGPs with examples of both What is CIDR and why is it important? Understand CIDR notation and what it means with respect to supernetting or subnetting Class C address space Calculate the CIDR mask and the wildcard mask Lecture #14: TCP Introduction (10/23) Chapter 4 Understand the characteristics of TCP and what services it provides Understand how TCP works with IP

6 Primary purpose of transport layer protocols for example, UDP is not reliable why is it still needed with IP? Encapsulation of TCP segments Ports and sockets (know what some of the well-known ports are) Discussed 4 ways TCP achieves reliability 1) Connection, 2) Retransmission, 3) Flow control, 4) Congestion control understand and describe each. For example, you should understand how the 3-way handshake works, how adaptive retransmission works, how the sliding window works and what it does, and how TCP handles congestion control Basics of UDP Lecture #15: Mapping logical address space to physical ports (10/28) This is primarily review. I may ask some conceptual questions, but you will not have to assign IP addresses to interfaces Post Test #2 material Lecture #16: Network Address Translation, Remote Access, and Virtual Private Networks (11/6) Understand basics of NAT functionality and how it works Difference between web proxy and IP proxy What does remote access entail? What is the difference between RRAS and VPN? What is RRAS and what does it do? What is a VPN and how does it work? Two remote access protocols we discussed are SLIP and PPP which is preferred and why? Two VPN protocols we discussed are: PPTP and L2TP differentiate between them What is a tunneling protocol (functionally)? Provide an example What is a security protocol (functionally)? Provide an example What is an authentication protocol (functionally)? Provide an example What is a remote access protocol (functionally)? Provide an example