Ad Hoc Airborne Networking for Telemetry Test and Evaluation
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1 Highly-Dynamic Ad Hoc Airborne Networking for Telemetry Test and Evaluation James P.G. Sterbenz Abdul Jabbar, Erik Perrins, Justin Rohrer Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Information Technology & Telecommunications Research Center The University of Kansas September 2008
2 Airborne Telemetry Networking Scenario and Environment Very high relative velocity Mach 7 10 s contact dynamic topology Communication channel limited spectrum asymmetric links data down omni C&C up directional Multihop among TAs through relay nodes 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 2
3 Airborne Telemetry Networking Link Stability and Contact Durations Scenario Transmit Range [nmi] Relative Velocity Contact Duration [sec] Single-Hop Best Case GS TA knots TA TA knots Single-Hop Worst Case GA TA Mach TA TA Mach Multihop case significantly harder probability of stable end-to-end path very low 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 3
4 Airborne Telemetry Networking Challenges to Conventional Protocols Transport (e.g. TCP) intermittent connectivity asymmetric path characteristics different reliability tradeoffs Network (e.g. IP) hierarchy: multiple devices per TA node Routing (e.g. MANETs) significant packet loss unless update interval very small resulting in unacceptable overhead geolocation and trajectory can be exploited MAC: addressed by inet TDM MAC 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 4
5 Airborne Telemetry Networking Requirements for Interoperability IP-based peripherals on TAs must be addressable through TmNS network protocol must be IP-compatible TCP/UDP applications receive sensing data and control TA peripherals transport through TmNS must be TCP-friendly 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 5
6 Airborne Network Protocol Suite Protocol Stack and Interoperability GW RN or TA TA link/mac inet MAC inet MAC inet MAC link/mac PHY inet PHY inet PHY inet PHY PHY HMI apps gnet TmNS AeroTP: TCP-friendly transport AeroNP: IP-compatible forwarding AeroRP: routing TA peripherals 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 6
7 AeroTP Transport Protocol Overview TCP-friendly transport protocol pass though TCP fields needed for E2E communication ports, seq#, timestamp, ECN and TCP flags Multiple service types class (e.g. data vs. C&C) and priority cross-layer AeroNP knob Multiple reliability modes full, nearly, quasi, none (flow), none (datagram) Efficient flow setup data overlaps control 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 7
8 AeroTP Connection and Flow Management AeroTP is opportunistic : data overlaps control final ACK of TCP 3WH at GW initiates AeroTP ASYN data follows immediately without 3-way handshake in TmNS optional ACK depending on mode; loss may retrigger ASYN 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 8
9 AeroTP Transfer Modes and TCP Interoperability Multiple reliability modes full reliability: E2E ACKs using TCP semantics nearly-reliable: custody transfer at GW quasi-reliable: E2E FEC giving statistical reliability none (flow): connection oriented best effort none (datagram): connectionless best effort (UDP-like) 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 9
10 AeroTP Transfer Modes Fully-Reliable Fully-reliable: TCP ARQ semantics TmNS subject to TCP ACK delay and self-clocking 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 10
11 AeroTP Transfer Modes Nearly-Reliable Nearly reliable: GWs ACK with custody transfer high probability of reliability but no E2E guarantees TmNS independent of TCP ACK & congestion ctrl. semantics 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 11
12 AeroTP Transfer Modes Quasi-Reliable Quasi-reliable: E2E FEC or erasure coding FEC or erasure coding provides statistical reliability cross-layering to dynamically adjust strength erasure coding may use multipath routing 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 12
13 AeroTP Transfer Modes Unreliable Connection-Oriented Unreliable connection-oriented: TCP-compatible TCP spliced at gateway, but no error control within TmNS 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 13
14 AeroTP Transfer Modes Unreliable Connectionless Unreliable connection-oriented: UDP-compatible mode for passing UDP flows no error control within TmNS 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 14
15 AeroTP TPDU Structure (preliminary) 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 15
16 AeroNP Network Protocol Overview IP-compatible network protocol protocol id, ECN/DSCP passed IP addresses mapped to MAC address and device id TDM MAC used by inet program Strong header check permits marking of errored payloads for E2E AeroTP FEC Supports multiple service types and priorities Congestion control in-band using explicit CI (congestion indicator) backpressure by monitoring neighbour transmissions Support for broadcast and multicast 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 16
17 AeroNP Packet Structure (preliminary) 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 17
18 AeroRP Routing Protocol Overview Geolocation-assisted routing protocol AeroNP header carries node position when permitted node location and trajectory transmitted by GS nodes snoop to learn other s location multiple modes based on required stealthiness Proactive with limited updates eliminates delay of reactive while limiting overhead of proactive Relay nodes preferred as next hop GS preferentially tracks RNs 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 18
19 AeroRP Geolocation Stealth Options Tradeoff between stealth and performance AeroRP provides a range of options details of which to be worked out based on inet requirements Stealthieness options node include state vector (position, velocity) AeroNP header nodes include own position in AeroNP header GS broadcasts encrypted state vectors of all nodes no position information available nodes exchange neighbor table on contact 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 19
20 packets received [pkt/s] AeroRP Performance Comparison (preliminary) time [s] 60-node ns-2 simulation in km 2 TA tx range = 15 nmi; v = [200 knot, Mach 3.5] CBR traffic = 200 kb/s per TA 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 20
21 Airborne Network Protocol Suite Conclusions and Future Work This is a only a preliminary design! with a quick-and-dirty simulation to verify some of the ideas and a not-yet-complete set of requirements for higher layers Detailed simulation will be needed simulation model of TmNS, inet MAC, AeroNP/RP/TP model will be made available to inet community evaluate proposed algorithms and mechanisms performance tradeoffs and tuning Lab prototype based on simulation results provide working code base Field trials 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 21
22 End of Foils 17 September 2008 Highly-Dynamic Airborne Ad Hoc Networking 22
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