Programming Languages. Dr. Philip Cannata 1

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1 Programming Languages Dr. Philip Cannata

2 0 High Level Languages This Course Java (Object Oriented) Jython in Java Relation ASP RDF (Horn Clause Deduction, Semantic Web) Dr. Philip Cannata

3 Dr. Philip Cannata 3

4 High Level Overview of Grammar Concepts { } a series of zero or more ( ) must pick one from a list [ ] pick none or one from a list expression -> term { ( + - ) term } term -> factor { ( * / ) factor } factor -> ( expression ) number // the parenthesis are part of the grammar not the EBNF number -> { } 6 * ( 7 ) / Dr. Philip Cannata è 4

5 We ll be starting with javacc à moving to ANTLR later Instance of a Programming Language: int main () { return 0 ; } Internal Parse Tree Program (abstract syntax): Function = main; Return type = int params = Block: Return: Variable: return#main, LOCAL addr=0 IntValue: 0 Abstract Syntax Dr. Philip Cannata 5

6 Parser Files javacc demo similar to Chapter in the Textbook but in java instead of scheme $ ls Makefile Parser.jj test Dr. Philip Cannata 6

7 Syntax and Grammar Parser.jj PARSER_BEGIN(Parser) import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class Parser { public static void main(string args[]) throws ParseException { Parser parser = new Parser (System.in); parser.ae(); } } Parser PARSER_END(Parser ) SKIP : { " " "\t" "\n" "\r" <"//" (~["\n","\r"])* ("\n" "\r")> } Grammar Production Rules TOKEN: { < LCURLY: "{" > < RCURLY: "}" > < MINUS: "-" > < PLUS: "+" > } TOKEN: /* Literals */ { < INTEGER: (["0"-"9"])+ > } TOKEN: { <ERROR: ~[] > } Tokens, Terminals void ae() : { Token n; } { n = <INTEGER> { System.out.print("(num " + n +")"); } list() } void list() : {} { LOOKAHEAD() <LCURLY> <PLUS> { System.out.print(" (add ");} ( ae() )* <RCURLY> { System.out.print(") "); } <LCURLY> <MINUS> { System.out.print(" (sub ");} ( ae() )* <RCURLY> { System.out.print(") "); } } Dr. Philip Cannata 7

8 Parser Makefile - Makefile $ cat Makefile Parser.class: Parser.java javac *java Parser.java: Parser.jj javacc Parser.jj clean: rm *.class ParseException.java Parser.java ParserConstants.java ParserTokenManager.java SimpleCharStream.java Token.java TokenMgrError.java Dr. Philip Cannata 8

9 Making the Parser $ make javacc Parser.jj Java Compiler Compiler Version 4.0 (Parser Generator) (type "javacc" with no arguments for help) Reading from file Parser.jj... File "TokenMgrError.java" does not exist. Will create one. File "ParseException.java" does not exist. Will create one. File "Token.java" does not exist. Will create one. File "SimpleCharStream.java" does not exist. Will create one. Parser generated successfully. javac *java Note: Parser.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations. Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details. Dr. Philip Cannata 9

10 Testing the Parser $ cat test; cat test java -cp "." Parser {+ 4 5 {- {+ 3 } 6} 0 {+ 0}} (add (num 4)(num 5) (sub (add (num )(num )(num 3)) (num 6)) (num 0) (add (num 0)) ) Dr. Philip Cannata 0

11 Parser Files javacc demo similar to Chapter in the Textbook but in java instead of scheme $ ls AbstractSyntax.java Makefile Parser.jj calc.sh test New $ cat calc.sh cat test cat test java Parser cat test java Parser sed -e "s/add/+/g" -e "s/sub/-/g" -e "s/(num//g" -e "s/\([0-9]\))/\/g" tr -s " " " " sed "s/^ *//" cat test java Parser sed -e "s/add/+/g" -e "s/sub/-/g" -e "s/(num//g" -e "s/\([0-9]\))/\/g" clisp --silent grep -v ">" $./calc.sh {+ 4 5 {- {+ 3} 6} 0 {+ 0}} (add (num 4) (num 5) (sub (add (num ) (num ) (num 3)) (num 6)) (num 0) (add (num 0))) (+ 4 5 (- (+ 3) 6) 0 (+ 0)) Dr. Philip Cannata

12 Parse {+ 3 {+ 4 5 } 6} Beginning top = sub = Abstract Syntax Tree op: nodestack Dr. Philip Cannata

13 After recognizing {+ top = sub = Abstract Syntax Tree op: nodestack Dr. Philip Cannata 3

14 After recognizing {+ 3 Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = op: nodestack 3 3 intval: 3 Dr. Philip Cannata 4

15 After recognizing {+ 3 {+ Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = 4 op: nodestack 4 3, 4 3 intval: 3 4 Dr. Philip Cannata 5

16 After recognizing {+ 3 {+ 4 Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = 4 op: nodestack 4 3, 4 3 intval: intval: 4 Dr. Philip Cannata 6

17 After recognizing {+ 3 {+ 4 5 Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = 4 op: nodestack 4 3, 4 3 intval: 3 4 5, 6 5 intval: 4 6 intval: 5 Dr. Philip Cannata 7

18 After recognizing {+ 3 {+ 4 5 } Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = op: nodestack 3, 4 3 intval: 3 4 5, 6 5 intval: 4 6 intval: 5 Dr. Philip Cannata 8

19 After recognizing {+ 3 {+ 4 5 } 6 Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = op: nodestack 3, 4, 7 3 intval: 3 4 5, 6 5 intval: 4 6 intval: 5 7 intval: 6 Dr. Philip Cannata 9

20 After recognizing {+ 3 {+ 4 5 } 6 } Abstract Syntax Tree top = sub = op: 3, 4, 7 nodestack Now print the Abstract Syntax Tree starting with top 3 intval: 3 4 5, 6 5 intval: 4 6 intval: 5 7 intval: 6 Dr. Philip Cannata 0

21 Parser Files javacc demo3 Building a simple AST $ ls AbstractSyntax.java Makefile Parser.jj calc.sh test $ cat calc.sh cat test cat test java Parser Different $./calc.sh {+ 4 5 {- {+ 3} { } 6} 0 {+ 0}} Binary: top Binary: + 4 Binary: + 5 Binary: - Binary: + Binary: + Binary: + 3 Binary: + 00 Binary: Binary: Binary: - 6 Binary: + 0 Binary: + 0 Dr. Philip Cannata

22 Dr. Philip Cannata

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