On Open Source Tools for Behavioral Modeling and Analysis with fuml and Alf

Transcription

1 Open Source Software for Model Driven Engineering 2014 On Open Source Tools for Behavioral Modeling and Analysis with fuml and Alf Zoltán Micskei, Raimund-Andreas Konnerth, Benedek Horváth, Oszkár Semeráth, András Vörös, and Dániel Varró Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Measurement and Information Systems This work was partially supported by

2 Model Based Analysis of Distributed Systems System design High-level System Model Receive request Model generation Fix problem Mathematical analysis Mathematical model Calculate Rating Yes Send offer Receive answer Accept? No No Send rejection Receive update request Update? Yes List of inconsistencies Analysis (e.g. model checker) Send reply

3 Overview of the Approach OMG standard UML State Machine fuml Alf Formal Methods Activity Diagram Alf Model Timed Automata 1. What open source tools are available for fuml and Alf? 2. What level of support do they provide? 3. What are their maturity level? 4. What techniques are available for model generation? 3

4 Open Source Tooling Overview UML State Machine fuml Alf Formal Methods Activity Diagram Alf Model Timed Automata UML Editor fuml Reference Impl. Alf Editor AlfRef. Impl. Model Checker Papyrus Moka Alf Editor UPPAAL Moliz 4

5 Running Example: Fibonacci Calculation UML State Machine ALF UPPAAL let tmp: Integer = 0; if (input == 1) { return 1; } else if (input ==2) { return 1; } let i: Integer = 3; while (i <= input) { tmp = var1 + var2; var1 = var2; var2 = tmp; i++; } return tmp; 5

6 Lesson Learned No list of tools: Even collecting the tools was considerable effort o Promote tools on OMG website Few examples: Few example fuml models or Alf code available. o Version and tool incompatibility hinders Reference implementations: o Help understand the specifications, o Good starting point Alf grammar: Complex structures to ensure unambiguity o Good for evaluation of expressions o Not good for semantic information to help verification Transformation: Mapping of state machines? 6

7 Technologies for M2M

8 Java over EMF API while (i <= input){ i++; } block :Block :Increment :VariableRef :WhileStatement Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax condition :ConditionTest :Relation op="<=" name = "input" :Update exp="i++" 8

9 Defined by Java code 1. Traversal by code 2. Manual model building 3. No traceability - High Maintenance - Low Reusability + Easy to start Java over EMF API for(state:block) Location transform(whilestatement w) { for(statement s: w.block.statements) { /* map the inner states */} for(location l : locations) { /* Link the locations to a circle */} // Map the condition // Set the guards of the outgoing edges } 1 instanceof A,B,CState while (i <= input){ i++; } block 9 :Block :Increment :VariableRef :WhileStatement Transformation code Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax condition :ConditionTest :Relation op="<=" name = "input" Factory.create 2 settarget() :Update exp="i++" w.block.increment.variableref.name 1 l = factory.createlocation(); 2 e.setsource(locationmap.get( edgemap.get(w.condition))); 3

10 Example: ATL Alternatives: o Epsilon o QVT o Xtend o M2M Languages while (i <= input){ i++; } block 10 :Block :Increment :VariableRef ATL Code :WhileStatement Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax condition :ConditionTest :Relation op="<=" name = "input" :Update exp="i++" module Alf2UPPAAL; create OUT : Machine from IN : Block { rule State2Location { from s: Alf!State rule Condition2Guard { from s: Alf!Condition to l: UPPAAL!Location} to positiveguard: UPPAAL!Guard( location <- /*...*/ rule Transition2Edge { from s1: Alf!State, s2: Alf!State ( /* next state */ ) expression <- /*...*/) negativeguard: UPPAAL!Guard( location <- /*...*/ expression <- /*...*/)}} to e: UPPAAL!Edge( <- /*...*/ <- /*...*/ )}

11 Declarative Queries + MT languages Defined by Queries + Templates 1. Traversal Queries 2. Building by Templates 3. (Match, Result) traces Queries pattern While(W,Condition,States){ WhileStatement.condition(W,Condition); WhileStatement.block(W,Block);} pattern Relation(R,Op1,Op2){ Relation.left(R,Op1); Relation.right(R,Op1); Relation.op(R,"<=");} While match while (i <= input){ i++; } block :Block :Increment :VariableRef :WhileStatement Relation match Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax condition :ConditionTest :Relation op="<=" name = "input" Templates While template :Update exp="i++" Relation template def dispatch transform(whilestatement w) { val innerstates=whilepattern.getstates(w).map[createstate] val condition=whilepattern.getcondition(w) /* link the edges */ } def dispatch transform(relation condition) { val m=relationpattern.getmatch(condition) createguard()=>[exp='''«m.op1.name» <= «m.op2.name»''']} 11

12 Query-based Features Declarative build by Queries 1. Queries 2. Declarative model build Object, References, Attributes 3. Implicit, referrable traces "Guard Image of pattern Statement(S) while (i <= input){ i++; } block :Block :Increment :VariableRef :WhileStatement Query Based Features Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax condition :ConditionTest :Relation op="<=" name = "input" Edge, Guard) pattern PositiveWhileCondition(Incoming, Edge, Edge, To) "! Edge, Guard) pattern NegativeWhileCondition(Outgoing, Condition, Expression) 12

13 Technologies for M2T

14 Defined by Java code 1. Traversal by code Native Java over EMF API 2. Manual text building 3. No traceability - High Maintenance - Low Reusability + Easy to start while (i <= input){ i++; } 14 :Block :Increment :VariableRef :WhileStatement Transformation code Location transform(whilestatement w) { for(statement s: w.block.statements) { } /* map the inner states */} for(location l : locations) { /* Link the locations to a circle */} // Map the condition // Set the guards of the outgoing edges block Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax condition :ConditionTest :Relation op="<=" name = "input" "<location name=\"location_"+ i +"\"/>" :Update exp="i++" 2

15 M2T : Queries + AST generation Model Template Code Model Template Model Grammar Code Direct code generation Simple structure Low complexity Fast development Linear output generation (single pass) Problematic formatting Problematic M2C synchronization AST generation Represents the program structure (PSM) Can be very complex Slower development Distributed generation process Support for M2C synchronization Incremental code generation pretty formatting E.g., Eclipse JDT 15

16 Chaining Transformations along Views

17 Outlook: An Avionics Project Avionics R&D project o Model-driven toolchain o Allocate SWs onto HWs o Platform: ARINC 653 Functional Architecture Component database Platform description Allocation Integrated System Model

18 Outlook: An Avionics Project Avionics R&D project o Model-driven toolchain o Allocate SWs onto platform Simplified Example PilotControl SubS1 Navigation tag: func tag: func Simulink SubS2 EMS tag: func FAM_PilotControl : Function subfunctions FAM_Navigation : Function FAM provider FAM_EMS : Function consumer nav2ems :InformationLink FMS tag: func View FAM_FMS : Function provider consumer nav2fms :InformationLink Id Id Function SubSystem with "func" tag) Other SubSystem without tag InPort/OutPort Port Blocks 18 id:function id:informationlink Maintanence Maintenance: Incrementally Immediately EMS: Engine Management System FMS: Flight Management System

19 Alf fuml Summary of Behavior Modeling Tools Tool Version Modified Platform Goal fuml Ref. Impl Java / console Interpreter Moka Eclipse Execution engine Moliz Eclipse Execution engine Alf Ref. Impl Java / console Interpreter Papyrus Alf Editor Eclipse Editor UPPAAL Application Model Checker Maturity Proven: Eclipse platform, UPPAAL Early prototype: fuml engines (Moka, Moliz) Alpha: Alf editor in Papyrus is still in active development 19

20 Transformation Summary of Transformation Tools Tool Version Modified Platform Goal EMF Eclipse Metamodelling tool ATL Eclipse M2M transformation XTend Eclipse Template Language IncQuery Eclipse Query engine Query Based Feat. Eclipse M2M transformation Maturity Proven: Eclipse platform and core services (e.g. EMF, Xtend), ATL Stable: EMF-IncQuery (note: local developer support) 20