Contents. Introducing C# and the.net Platform...1

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Edward Short
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1 About the Author... xxi Acknowledgments... xxiii Introduction...xxv Part One Introducing C# and the.net Platform...1 Chapter 1 The Philosophy of.net... 3 Understanding the Previous State of Affairs... 3 The.NET Solution... 6 The Building Blocks of the.net Platform (CLR, CTS, and CLS)... 7 The Role of the.net Base Class Libraries... 7 What C# Brings to the Table... 8 Additional.NET-Aware Programming Languages... 9 An Overview of.net Binaries (aka Assemblies) The Role of the Common Intermediate Language The Role of.net Type Metadata The Role of the Assembly Manifest Compiling CIL to Platform-Specific Instructions Understanding the Common Type System Intrinsic CTS Data Types Understanding the Common Language Specification Understanding the Common Language Runtime A Tour of the.net Namespaces Increasing Your Namespace Nomenclature Deploying the.net Runtime Summary vii

2 Chapter 2 Building C# Applications The Role of the Command Line Compiler (csc.exe) Building a C# Application Using csc.exe Working with csc.exe Response Files Generating Bug Reports Remaining C# Compiler Options The Command Line Debugger (cordbg.exe) Using the Visual Studio.NET IDE Building a VS.NET Test Application Debugging with the Visual Studio.NET IDE Other Key Aspects of the VS.NET IDE Documenting Your Source Code via XML C# Preprocessor Directives An Interesting Aside: The System.Environment Class Building.NET Applications with Other IDEs Summary Part Two The C# Programming Language...91 Chapter 3 C# Language Fundamentals The Anatomy of a Basic C# Class Creating Objects: Constructor Basics The Composition of a C# Application Default Assignments and Variable Scope The C# Member Variable Initialization Syntax Basic Input and Output with the Console Class Understanding Value Types and Reference Types The Master Node: System.Object The System Data Types (and C# Aliases) Converting Between Value Types and Reference Types: Boxing and Unboxing Defining Program Constants C# Iteration Constructs C# Control Flow Constructs The Complete Set of C# Operators Defining Custom Class Methods Understanding Static Methods Method Parameter Modifiers Array Manipulation in C# String Manipulation in C# C# Enumerations viii

3 Defining Structures in C# Defining Custom Namespaces Summary Chapter 4 Object-Oriented Programming with C# Formal Definition of the C# Class Defining the Default Public Interface of a Type Recapping the Pillars of OOP The First Pillar: C# s Encapsulation Services Pseudo-Encapsulation: Creating Read-Only Fields The Second Pillar: C# s Inheritance Support Keeping Family Secrets: The protected Keyword Nested Type Definitions The Third Pillar: C# s Polymorphic Support Casting Between Types Generating Class Definitions Using Visual Studio.NET Summary Chapter 5 Exceptions and Object Lifetime Ode to Errors, Bugs, and Exceptions The Role of.net Exception Handling The System.Exception Base Class Throwing a Generic Exception Catching Exceptions CLR System-Level Exceptions (System.SystemException) Custom Application-Level Exceptions (System.ApplicationException) Handling Multiple Exceptions The Finally Block The Last Chance Exception Dynamically Identifying Application- and System-Level Exceptions Debugging System Exceptions Using VS.NET Understanding Object Lifetime The CIL of new The Basics of Garbage Collection Finalizing a Type The Finalization Process Building an Ad Hoc Destruction Method Garbage Collection Optimizations The System.GC Type Summary ix

4 Chapter 6 Interfaces and Collections Defining Interfaces Using C# Invoking Interface Members at the Object Level Exercising the Shapes Hierarchy Understanding Explicit Interface Implementation Interfaces As Polymorphic Agents Building Interface Hierarchies Implementing Interfaces Using VS.NET Understanding the IConvertible Interface Building a Custom Enumerator (IEnumerable and IEnumerator) Building Cloneable Objects (ICloneable) Building Comparable Objects (IComparable) Exploring the System.Collections Namespace Building a Custom Container (Retrofitting the Cars Type) Summary Chapter 7 Callback Interfaces, Delegates, and Events Understanding Callback Interfaces Understanding the.net Delegate Type Members of System.MulticastDelegate The Simplest Possible Delegate Example Building a More Elaborate Delegate Example Understanding Asynchronous Delegates Understanding (and Using) Events Summary Chapter 8 Advanced C# Type Construction Techniques The Advanced Keywords of C# A Catalog of C# Keywords Building a Custom Indexer A Variation of the Cars Indexer Internal Representation of Type Indexers Using the C# Indexer from VB.NET Overloading Operators The Internal Representation of Overloaded Operators x

5 Interacting with Overloaded Operators from Overloaded-Operator-Challenged Languages Final Thoughts Regarding Operator Overloading Understanding Custom Type Conversions Creating Custom Conversion Routines Defining Implicit Conversion Routines The Internal Representation of Custom Conversion Routines Summary Part Three Programming with.net Assemblies Chapter 9 Understanding.NET Assemblies Problems with Classic COM Binaries An Overview of.net Assemblies Building a Single File Test Assembly A C# Client Application A Visual Basic.NET Client Application Cross-Language Inheritance Exploring the CarLibrary s Manifest Exploring the CarLibrary s Types Building a Multifile Assembly Using the Multifile Assembly Understanding Private Assemblies Probing for Private Assemblies (The Basics) Private Assemblies and XML Configuration Files Probing for Private Assemblies (The Details) Understanding Shared Assemblies Understanding Strong Names Building a Shared Assembly Understanding Delayed Signing Installing/Removing Shared Assemblies Using a Shared Assembly Versioning Shared Assemblies Building SharedAssembly Version Specifying Custom Version Policies GAC Internals Assembly-Centric Odds and Ends Regarding the VS.NET Add References Dialog Box Summary xi

6 Chapter 10 Processes, AppDomains, Contexts, and Threads Reviewing Processes and Threads Under Traditional Win Interacting with Processes Under the.net Platform Understanding the System.AppDomain Type Understanding Context (or How Low Can You Go?) Summarizing Processes, AppDomains, and Context The Process/AppDomain/Context/Thread Relationship Multithreaded Programming via Delegates The System.Threading Namespace Spawning Secondary Threads A More Elaborate Threading Example Concurrency Revisited Synchronization Using the C# lock Keyword Synchronization Using the System.Threading.Interlocked Type Synchronization Using the [Synchronized] Attribute Thread Safety and the.net Base Class Libraries Programming with Timer Callbacks Summary Chapter 11 Type Reflection, Late Binding, and Attribute-Based Programming The Necessity of Type Metadata Understanding Reflection The System.Type Class Investigating the System.Reflection Namespace Reflecting on a Private Assembly Reflecting on Shared Assemblies Understanding Dynamic Invocation (Late Binding) Understanding Attributed Programming Building Custom Attributes Restricting Attribute Usage Assembly- (and Module-) Level Attributes Reflecting on Attributes at Runtime Putting Reflection, Late Binding, and Custom Attributes in Perspective Summary xii

7 Part Four Leveraging the.net Libraries Chapter 12 Object Serialization and the.net Remoting Layer Object Persistence in the.net Framework The Role of Object Graphs Configuring Objects for Serialization Serialization Using a Binary Formatter Serialization Using a SOAP Formatter Serialization Using an XML Formatter Customizing the Serialization Process Defining.NET Remoting The.NET Remoting Namespaces Understanding the.net Remoting Framework All Together Now! Terms of the.net Remoting Trade Object Marshaling Choices (MBR or MBV?) Final Notes Regarding MBR/MBV Objects Activation Choices for MBR Types (WKO or CAO?) Basic Deployment of a.net Remoting Project Building Our First Distributed Application Testing the Remoting Application Understanding the ChannelServices Type Understanding the RemotingConfiguration Type Revisiting the Activation Mode of WKO Types Deploying the Server to a Remote Machine Leveraging the TCP Channel Remoting Configuration Files Working with MBV Objects Understanding Client-Activated Objects (CAO) The Lease-Based Lifetime of CAO/WKO-Singleton Objects Server-side (and Client-side) Lease Sponsorship Alternative Hosts for Remote Objects Asynchronous Remoting The Role of the [OneWayAttribute] Type Final Thoughts Summary xiii

8 Chapter 13 Building a Better Window (Introducing Windows Forms) A Tale of Three GUI Namespaces Overview of the System.Windows.Forms Namespace Interacting with the Windows Forms Types Building a VS.NET Windows Forms Project Workspace The System.Windows.Forms.Application Class The Anatomy of a Form The Component Class The Control Class Control Events Responding to Keyboard Events The Control Class Revisited The ScrollableControl Class ContainerControl Class The Form Class The Life-Cycle of a Windows Form Type Handing Form Level Events a la VS.NET Building Menus with Windows Forms Building Your Menu System Creating a Pop-Up Menu Adorning Your Menu System Building a Menu Using Visual Studio.NET Understanding Status Bars Building a Tool Bar Building ToolBars at Design Time Building an MDI Application Summary Chapter 14 A Better Painting Framework (GDI+) Survey of the GDI+ Namespaces Overview of the System.Drawing Namespace Examining the System.Drawing Utility Types Regarding the Disposal of System.Drawing Types Understanding Paint Sessions Understanding the Graphics Class The GDI+ Coordinate Systems Establishing an Active Color Manipulating Fonts Building a Font Application The FontDialog Class Survey of the System.Drawing.Drawing2D Namespace xiv

9 Rendering Images Dragging, Hit Testing, and the PictureBox Control Understanding the.net Resource Format System.Resources Namespace Working with ResourceWriters Working with ResourceManagers Automatic Resource Configuration a la Visual Studio.NET Summary Chapter 15 Programming with Windows Forms Controls Understanding the Windows Forms Control Hierarchy Adding Controls to Forms (IDE-Free) Adding Controls to Forms (via VS.NET) The TextBox Control The Mighty Button Type Working with CheckBoxes Working with RadioButtons and GroupBoxes ListBoxes and ComboBoxes The MonthCalendar Control More on the DateTime Type Setting the Form s Default Input Button Configuring the Tab Order Assigning ToolTips to Controls The TrackBar Control Working with Panel Controls The UpDown Controls: DomainUpDown and NumericUpDown Working with the ErrorProvider Configuring a Control s Anchoring Behavior Configuring a Control s Docking Behavior Building Custom Dialog Boxes Understanding Form Inheritance Building Custom Windows Forms Controls Building a Custom UserControl Creating the Images Building the Design Time GUI Implementing the CarControl Controlling the Animation Rendering the Pet Name Testing the CarControl Type Select Members of the System.ComponentModel Namespace Enhancing the Design Time Appearance of CarControl Summary xv

10 Chapter 16 The System.IO Namespace Exploring the System.IO Namespace The Directory(Info) and File(Info) Types Enumerating Files with the DirectoryInfo Type Creating Subdirectories with the DirectoryInfo Type The Static Members of the Directory Class The FileInfo Class The Abstract Stream Class Working with StreamWriters and StreamReaders Working with StringWriters Working with StringReaders Working with Binary Data (BinaryReaders and BinaryWriters) Watching Files and Directories A Brief Word Regarding Asynchronous IO A Windows Forms Car Logger Application Summary Chapter 17 Data Access with ADO.NET The Need for ADO.NET The Two Faces of ADO.NET The Role of ADO.NET Data Providers Understanding the ADO.NET Namespaces The Types of System.Data Examining the DataColumn Type Examining the DataRow Type Details of the DataTable Building a Complete DataTable Understanding the DataView Type Understanding the Role of the DataSet Expressing Relations Using the DataRelation Type Reading and Writing XML-Based DataSets Building a Simple Test Database Selecting a Data Provider The Types of the System.Data.OleDb Namespace Working with the Connected Layer of ADO.NET Working with the OleDbDataReader Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Records Using OleDbCommand Executing a Stored Procedure Using OleDbCommand The Disconnected Layer and the OleDbDataAdapter Type Working with the SQL Data Provider xvi

11 Auto-Generating SQL Commands Using CommandBuilder Types A Complete ADO.NET Windows Forms Example Filling a Multitabled DataSet (and Adding DataRelations) Bring In the Wizards! Working with DataSets at Design Time Summary Part Five Web Applications and XML Web Services Chapter 18 ASP.NET Web Pages and Web Controls The Role of HTTP Understanding Web Applications and Web Servers The Role of HTML HTML Form Development The Role of Client-Side Scripting Submitting the Form Data (GET and POST) Building a Classic Active Server Page The Problem(s) with Classic ASP Some Benefits of ASP.NET The ASP.NET Namespaces Creating an ASP.NET Web Application by Hand The ASP.NET Compilation Cycle Creating an ASP.NET Web Application via VS.NET Coding the BetterAspNetCarApp Web Application The Composition of an ASP.NET Page The Derivation of an ASP.NET Page Interacting with the Incoming HTTP Request Interacting with the Outgoing HTTP Response The Life Cycle of an ASP.NET Web Page Understanding the ASP.NET Web Controls Key Members of the System.Web.UI.Control Type Key Members of the System.Web.UI.WebControl Type Select Examples of ASP.NET WebForm Controls The Role of the Validation Controls Understanding the Role of ASP.NET HTML Controls And Now for Something Completely Different: GDI+ on the Web Server Debugging and Tracing ASP.NET Pages Summary xvii

12 Chapter 19 ASP.NET Web Applications The Issue of State ASP.NET State Management Techniques Understanding the Role of ASP.NET View State The Role of the Global.asax File Understanding the Application/Session Distinction Working with the Application Cache Maintaining Session Data Understanding Cookies Configuring Your ASP.NET Web Application Using web.config Configuration Inheritance Summary Chapter 20 XML Web Services Understanding the Role of XML Web Services The Building Blocks of an XML Web Service The.NET XML Web Service Namespaces Examining the System.Web.Services Namespace Building an XML Web Service in the Raw Testing Your XML Web Service Building an XML Web Service Using Visual Studio.NET Understanding the System.Web.Services.WebService Base Class Understanding the [WebMethod] Attribute Understanding the [WebService] Attribute Exploring the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) The Basic Format of a WSDL Document Viewing the HelloWS WSDL Document The wsdl.exe Command Line Utility Revisiting the XML Web Service Wire Protocols Transforming WSDL into C# Code (Generating a Proxy) Leveraging the Proxy (Synchronous Invocations) Leveraging the Proxy (Asynchronous Invocations) Avoiding Hard-Coded Proxy Logic Generating a Proxy with VS.NET Exposing Arrays of Types from Web Methods A Windows Forms Client xviii

13 Exposing Custom Types: The Details Consuming Custom Types: The Details Updating the CarsSalesInfoWS Project Understanding the Discovery Service Protocol (UDDI) Summary Index xix

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Apex TG India Pvt. Ltd. (Core C# Programming Constructs) Introduction of.net Framework 4.5 FEATURES OF DOTNET 4.5 CLR,CLS,CTS, MSIL COMPILER WITH TYPES ASSEMBLY WITH TYPES Basic Concepts DECISION CONSTRUCTS LOOPING SWITCH OPERATOR