DROID. By S.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMV

Transcription

1 Mobile Applicatio on Development with AND DROID By S.Gokulakrishnan AP/CSE SCSVMV

2 The Players Android Open source mobile OS developed ny the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Based on Linux 2.6 kernel ios Apple s proprietary mobile OS, iphone, ipod Touch, ipad. Derived from OS X, very UNIX like Symbian acquired by Nokia 2008 Windows Phone 7 Microsoft Kin, discontinued 6 weeks after initial launch Blackberry OS RIM (Research in Motion), proprietary OS

3 The Smartphone Platform With the iphone being the first to the marketplace it sets the configuration of the Smartphone Platform 3G/4G connectivity WiFi connectivity Bluetooth connectivity accelerometer w/compass ambient light sensor proximity sensor GPS gyroscope

4 What is Android Android is an open source operating system, created by Google specifically for use on mobile devices (cell phones and tablets) Linux based (2.6 kernel) Can be programmed in C/C++ Java (Java access to C Libraries but most app development is done in via JNI (Java Native Interface)) Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G networking

5 What is ios Apple s mobile OS for phones (iphone), tablets (ipad), handhelds (ipod), based on BSD Unix Application programming done in Objective C Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G networking

6 Bluetooth Open wireless technology Developed by Ericsson (1994) Originally supposed to replace wired RS-232 Short distance via low power, short distance radio Allows creation of personal area networks Mostly to connect wireless peripheral devices to a host computer (mice, headsets, microphones, keyboards ) Can also be used to communicate between two host computers wirelessly (replace serial cables)

7 Wi-Fi Used to brand certified products that belong to a class of wireless local area network based on IEEE Standard Currently there are 3 versions of in common use: B, about 150 feet indoors, 300 ft outdoors G, 54 Mbits about 150 feet indoors s, 300 ft outdoors N, 600 Mbits, about 1.5 miles in open air, uses MIMO (multiple input and output antennas)

8 3G ( 3 rd Generation Network) Must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services and provide peak data rate of 200 kbits/sec

9 4G Provides a comprehensive and secure IP based solution for IP based telephony, ultra broadband internet, gaming services and streamed multimedia. Peak data rate of 100 Mbit for highh mobility devices and 1 Gbit for low mobility devices.

10 Commonly Used Packages User interface controls and widgets User interface layout Secure networking and web browsing Structured storage and relational databases (SQLite RDBMS) 2D and 3D Graphics SGL and OpenGL Audio and visual media support Access to optional hardware (GPS)

11 The Android Software Stack

12 Android Application Development Eclipse IDE Android SDK Android Emulator Android Mobile Device

13 ios Application Development XCODE IDE ios SDK ios Simulator ios Mobile Device

14 Android development Android Manifest Resource XML Java Source Generated Class Android Libraries Java Compiler.dex File Dalvik VM

15 ios development Xcode Objective C Source Interface Builder.xib file Foundation Framework Cocoa Libraries Objective C Compiler. Simulator or Device

16 History of Android Google acquired the startup company Android Inc. in 2005 to start the development of the Android Platform. The key players at Android Inc. included Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. In late 2007, a group of industry leaders came together around the Android Platform to form the Open Handset Alliance ( The Android SDK was first issued as an early look release in November In September 2008 T-Mobile announced the availability of the T-Mobile G1, the first smartphone based on the Android Platform. A few days after that, Google announced the availability of Android SDK Release Candidate 1.0. In October 2008, Google made the available under Apache s open source source code of the Android Platform license.

17 History of Android

18 What is Open Handset Alliance? Quoting from page Open Handset Alliance, a group of 47 technology and mobile companies have come together to accelerate innovation in mobile and offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile experience. Together we have developed Android, the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. We are committed to commercially Android Platform. deploy handsets and services using the

19 Introduction What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)? It's a consortium of several companies Google Android

20 Open Handset Alliance Members

21 Phones HTC G1, Droid, Tattoo Motorola Droid (X) Suno S880 Samsung Galaxy Sony Ericsson 21

22 Tablets Velocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouch Acer betouch Dawa D7 Toshiba Android SmartBook Cisco Android Tablet 22

23 Platform Hardware Android is not a single piece of hardware; it's a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is there, from the boot loader all the way up to the applications. Google Android

24 Android s Context: Mobile Market Player$ Stakeholders: Mobile network operators want to lock down their networks, controlling and metering traffic. Device manufacturers want to differentiate themselves with features, reliability, and price points. Software vendors want complete access to the hardware to deliver cutting-edge applications.

25 The Maturing Mobile Experience Tomorrow?

26 The Maturing Mobile Experience

27 Android vs. Competitors

28 Platform - The Android Software Stack 28

29 Android S/W Stack - Application Android provides a set of core applications: Client SMS Program Calendar Maps Browser Contacts Etc All applications are written using the Java language. 29

30 Android S/W Stack App Framework Most of the application framework accesses these core libraries through the Dalvik VM, the gateway to the Android Platform 30

31 Android S/W Stack App Framework (Cont) Feature View System Content Provider Resource Manager Notification Manager Activity Manager Role Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser Enabling applications to access data from other applications or to share their own data Providing access to non-code resources (localized string, graphics, and layout files) Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the status bar Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing a common navigationn backstack 31

32 Location Manager

33 Notification Manager

34 Notification Manager How background app interact with users Consistent notificationn presentation

35 View System

36 View System

37 Android S/W Stack - Libraries Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system Exposed to developers through the Android application framework 37

38 Android S/W Stack - Libraries The media libraries are based on PacketVideo s ( OpenCORE. These libraries are responsible for recording and playback of audio and video formats. A library called Surface Manager controls access to the display system and supports 2D and 3D. The WebKit library is responsiblee for browser support; it is the same library that supports Google Chrome and Apple Inc. s Safari. The FreeType library is responsible for font support. SQLite ( is a relational database that is available on the device itself. SQLite is also an independent open source effort for relational databases and not directly tied to Android. You can acquire and use tools meant for SQLite for Android databases as well.

39 Android S/W Stack - Runtime Core Libraries Providing most of the fu unctionality available in the core libraries of the Javaa language APIs Data Structures Utilities File Access Network Access Graphics Etc 39

40 The Dalvik runtime is optimised for mobile applications Run multiple VMs efficiently Each app has its own VM Minimal memory footprint

41 Android S/W Stack Runtime (Cont) Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont) Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format.dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint. Compilation Relying on the Linux Kernel for: Threading Low-level memory management 41

42 Android applications are compiled to Dalvik bytecode Write app in Java Compiled in Java Transformed to Dalvik bytecode Loaded into Dalvik VM Linux OS

43 Android S/W Stack Linux Kernel Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services Memory and Process Management Network Stack Driver Model Security The supplied device drivers include Display, Camera, Keypad, WiFi, Flash Memory, Audio, and IPC (interprocess communication). Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the S/W stack 43

44 Platform Network Connectivity It supports wireless communications using: GSM mobile-phone technology 3G Edge Wi-Fi networks Google Android

45 Software development Development requirements Java Android SDK Google Android

46 Software development IDE and Tools Android SDK Class Library Developer Tools Emulator and System Images Documentation and Sample Code Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools) Reduces Development and Testing Time Makes User Interface-Creation easier Makes Application Description Easier Google Android

47 Advantages Here are a few other advantages Androidd offers you as a developer: The Android SDK is available for Windows, Mac and Linux, so you don t need to pay for new hardware to start writing applications. An SDK built on Java. If you re familiar with the Java programming language, you re already halfway there. By distributing your application on Android Market, it s available to hundreds of thousands of users instantly. You re not just limited to one store, because there are alternatives, too. For instance, you can re elease your application on your own blog. Amazon have recently been rumoured to be preparing their own Android app store also. As well as the technical SDK documentation, new resources are being published for Android developers as the platform gains popularity among both users and developers. Google Android

48 Application Building Blocks Activity IntentReceiver Service ContentProvider

49 Activities Typically correspond to one UI screen But, they can: Be faceless Be in a floating window Return a value

50 IntentReceivers Components that respond to broadcast Intents Way to respond to external notification or alarms Apps can invent and bro oadcast their own Intent

51 Intents Think of Intents as a verb and object; a description of what you want done E.g. VIEW, CALL, PLAY etc.. System matches Intent with Activity that can best provide the service Activities and IntentReceivers describe what Intents they can service

52 Home Contacts GMail Pick photo Intents Photo Gallery Picasa Chat Blogger

53 Services Faceless components that run in the background E.g. music player, network download etc

54 ContentProviders Enables sharing of data across applications E.g. address book, photoo gallery Provides uniform APIs for: querying delete, update and insert. Content is represented by URI and MIME type