Example 3-1. Password Validation
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1 Java Swing Controls 3-33 Example 3-1 Password Validation Start a new empty project in JCreator. Name the project PasswordProject. Add a blank Java file named Password. The idea of this project is to ask the user to input a password. If correct, a confirm dialog box appears to validate the user. If incorrect, other options are provided. This example will use another control, JPasswordField to input the password. This control is nearly identical to the JTextField control with one major difference. When a user types in the password field an echochar is seen, masking the typed entry. The default echochar is an asterisk (*). The finished frame will be: 1. We place two buttons, a label control, and a password field on the frame. The GridBagLayout arrangement is: gridy = 0 gridy = 1 gridy = 2 gridy = 3 gridx = 0 passwordlabel inputpasswordfield validbutton exitbutton Properties set in code: Password Frame: title resizable background Password Validation false YELLOW
2 3-34 Learn Java GUI Applications passwordlabel: text Please Enter Your Password: opaque true background WHITE border Lower beveled font Arial, BOLD, 14 sethorizontalalignment CENTER insets (5, 20, 5, 20) ipadx 30 ipady 20 gridx 0 gridy 0 inputpasswordfield: text [blank] columns 15 font Arial, PLAIN, 14 gridx 0 gridy 1 validbutton: text Validate gridx 0 gridy 2 exitbutton: text Exit gridx 0 gridy 3 2. We will build the project in the usual three stages frame, controls, code. Type this basic framework code to build and center the frame: /* * Password.java */ import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class Password extends JFrame public static void main(string args[])
3 Java Swing Controls 3-35 //construct frame new Password().show(); public Password() // code to build the form settitle("password Validation"); getcontentpane().setbackground(color.yellow); setresizable(false); addwindowlistener(new WindowAdapter() public void windowclosing(windowevent e) exitform(e); ); getcontentpane().setlayout(new GridBagLayout()); pack(); Dimension screensize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize(); setbounds((int) (0.5 * (screensize.width - getwidth())), (int) (0.5 * (screensize.height - getheight())), getwidth(), getheight()); private void exitform(windowevent e) System.exit(0); Compile and run the code to make sure the frame (at least, what there is of it at this point) appears and is centered in the screen (it is also fixed size the expand button in the title area is grayed out): Note (in the code) we set the background color of the content pane to yellow. This can be barely seen. It will be more apparent when the controls are added.
4 3-36 Learn Java GUI Applications 3. Now, we can add the controls and empty event methods. Declare and create the four controls as class level objects: JLabel passwordlabel = new JLabel(); JPasswordField inputpasswordfield = new JPasswordField(); JButton validbutton = new JButton(); JButton exitbutton = new JButton(); Position and add each control. Add methods for controls we need events for (inputpasswordfield, validbutton, exitbutton). Note a new gridconstraints is created for each control this makes sure no values from previous controls leak over to the next control (this code immediately precedes the pack() statement): // position controls GridBagConstraints gridconstraints; passwordlabel.settext("please Enter Your Password:"); passwordlabel.setopaque(true); passwordlabel.setbackground(color.white); passwordlabel.setfont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 14)); passwordlabel.setborder(borderfactory.createloweredbevelbo rder()); passwordlabel.sethorizontalalignment(swingconstants.center ); gridconstraints.ipadx = 30; gridconstraints.ipady = 20; gridconstraints.gridy = 0; gridconstraints.insets = new Insets(5, 20, 5, 20); getcontentpane().add(passwordlabel, gridconstraints); inputpasswordfield.settext(""); inputpasswordfield.setfont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14)); inputpasswordfield.setcolumns(15); gridconstraints.gridy = 1; getcontentpane().add(inputpasswordfield, gridconstraints); inputpasswordfield.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() public void actionperformed(actionevent e) inputpasswordfieldactionperformed(e);
5 Java Swing Controls 3-37 ); validbutton.settext("validate"); gridconstraints.gridy = 2; getcontentpane().add(validbutton, gridconstraints); validbutton.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() public void actionperformed(actionevent e) validbuttonactionperformed(e); ); exitbutton.settext("exit"); gridconstraints.gridy = 3; getcontentpane().add(exitbutton, gridconstraints); exitbutton.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() public void actionperformed(actionevent e) exitbuttonactionperformed(e); ); Lastly, add the three empty methods: private void inputpasswordfieldactionperformed(actionevent e) private void validbuttonactionperformed(actionevent e) private void exitbuttonactionperformed(actionevent e)
6 3-38 Learn Java GUI Applications Compile and run the project to see the finished control arrangement: 4. Now, we write code for the events. First, the inputpasswordfieldactionperformed method: private void inputpasswordfieldactionperformed(actionevent e) validbutton.doclick(); When <Enter> is pressed, the Validate button is clicked.
7 Java Swing Controls Now, the code for the validbuttonactionperformed method: private void validbuttonactionperformed(actionevent e) final String THEPASSWORD = "LetMeIn"; //This procedure checks the input password int response; if (inputpasswordfield.gettext().equals(thepassword)) // If correct, display message box JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "You've passed security!", "Access Granted", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION, JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE); else // If incorrect, give option to try again response = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Incorrect password - Try Again?", "Access Denied", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); if (response == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) inputpasswordfield.settext(""); inputpasswordfield.requestfocus(); else exitbutton.doclick(); This code checks the input password to see if it matches the stored value (set as a constant THEPASSWORD = LetMeIn - change if if you want). If correct, it prints an acceptance message. If incorrect, it displays a confirm dialog box to that effect and asks the user if they want to try again. If Yes, another try is granted. If No, the program is ended.
8 3-40 Learn Java GUI Applications 6. Use the following code in the exitbuttonactionperformed method: private void exitbuttonactionperformed(actionevent e) System.exit(0); For reference, here is the complete Password.java code listing (code added to basic frame code is shaded): /* * Password.java */ import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class Password extends JFrame JLabel passwordlabel = new JLabel(); JPasswordField inputpasswordfield = new JPasswordField(); JButton validbutton = new JButton(); JButton exitbutton = new JButton(); public static void main(string args[]) //construct frame new Password().show(); public Password() // code to build the form settitle("password Validation"); setresizable(false); getcontentpane().setbackground(color.yellow); addwindowlistener(new WindowAdapter() public void windowclosing(windowevent e) exitform(e); ); getcontentpane().setlayout(new GridBagLayout());
9 Java Swing Controls 3-41 // position controls GridBagConstraints gridconstraints; passwordlabel.settext("please Enter Your Password:"); passwordlabel.setopaque(true); passwordlabel.setbackground(color.white); passwordlabel.setfont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 14)); passwordlabel.setborder(borderfactory.createloweredbevelborde r()); passwordlabel.sethorizontalalignment(swingconstants.center); gridconstraints.ipadx = 30; gridconstraints.ipady = 20; gridconstraints.gridy = 0; gridconstraints.insets = new Insets(5, 20, 5, 20); getcontentpane().add(passwordlabel, gridconstraints); inputpasswordfield.settext(""); inputpasswordfield.setfont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14)); inputpasswordfield.setcolumns(15); gridconstraints.gridy = 1; getcontentpane().add(inputpasswordfield, gridconstraints); inputpasswordfield.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() public void actionperformed(actionevent e) inputpasswordfieldactionperformed(e); ); validbutton.settext("validate"); gridconstraints.gridy = 2; getcontentpane().add(validbutton, gridconstraints); validbutton.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() public void actionperformed(actionevent e) validbuttonactionperformed(e); );
10 3-42 Learn Java GUI Applications exitbutton.settext("exit"); gridconstraints.gridy = 3; getcontentpane().add(exitbutton, gridconstraints); exitbutton.addactionlistener(new ActionListener() public void actionperformed(actionevent e) exitbuttonactionperformed(e); ); pack(); Dimension screensize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize(); setbounds((int) (0.5 * (screensize.width - getwidth())), (int) (0.5 * (screensize.height - getheight())), getwidth(), getheight()); private void inputpasswordfieldactionperformed(actionevent e) validbutton.doclick(); private void validbuttonactionperformed(actionevent e) final String THEPASSWORD = "LetMeIn"; //This procedure checks the input password int response; if (inputpasswordfield.gettext().equals(thepassword)) // If correct, display message box JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "You've passed security!", "Access Granted", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION, JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE); else // If incorrect, give option to try again response = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Incorrect password - Try Again?", "Access Denied", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); if (response == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) inputpasswordfield.settext(""); inputpasswordfield.requestfocus();
11 Java Swing Controls 3-43 else exitbutton.doclick(); private void exitbuttonactionperformed(actionevent e) System.exit(0); private void exitform(windowevent e) System.exit(0); Compile the program. You may receive a warning that Password.java uses or overrides a deprecated API. If so, that s okay, just ignore it (we ll tell you why we get this message in a bit). Run the program. Here s a run I made: Notice the echo characters (*) when I typed a password.
12 3-44 Learn Java GUI Applications Try both options: input correct password (note it is case sensitive) you should see this: and input incorrect password to see: Save your project (saved as Example3-1 project in the \LearnJava\LJ Code\Class 3\ workspace). If you have time, define a constant, trymax = 3, and modify the code to allow the user to have just trymax attempts to get the correct password. After the final try, inform the user you are logging him/her off. You ll also need a variable that counts the number of tries (make it a class level variable). Remember that deprecated error? The reason we got this is because we used the gettext method to retrieve the typed password. This method is not the preferred way to do this retrieval, hence the deprecated (not recommended) message. The password field control offers a preferred method for retrieving the password - the getpassword method. This returns a char array with the password. From this array, you can reconstruct the typed password. The advantage to this method is you can destroy the password (character by character) once it is entered. You can t change a string variable we say such variables are immutable. Try modifying the code to use getpassword instead of gettext.
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