OVERRIDING. 7/11/2015 Budditha Hettige 82

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1 OVERRIDING 7/11/

2 What is Overriding Is a language feature Allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its super classes or parent classes. The implementation in the subclass overrides (replaces) the implementation in the superclass by providing 7/11/2015 (budditha@yahoo.com) 83

3 Example Employee print() Temporary Employee print() 7/11/

4 Output 7/11/

5 Using the super keyword When invoking a superclass version of an overridden method the super keyword is used. 7/11/2015 (budditha@yahoo.com) 86

6 Abstraction 87

7 Abstraction Refers to the ability to make a class abstract in OOP Abstract class Cannot be instantiated Other functionality of the class still exists Cannot create an instance of the abstract class 88

8 Abstract Class Use the abstract keyword to declare a class abstract public abstract class Employee { } private String name; private String address;... Cannot use Employee e = new Employee(); Employee.java: xx: Employee is abstract; cannot be instantiated Employee e = new Employee(); ^ 1 error1 89

9 Extending Abstract Class public class Salary extends Employee { } private double salary; Salary(String name, String address, { }... int number, double salary) super(name, address, number); setsalary(salary); Call Employee class Extend Employee class 90

10 Abstract Methods Can declare the method in the parent class as abstract Abstract methods consist of a method signature, but no method body 91

11 Declaring a Method as Abstract The class must also be declared abstract Any child class must either override the abstract method or declare itself abstract A child class that inherits an abstract method must override it If they do not, they must be abstract, and any of their children must override it 92

12 Example 93

13 Packages 94

14 Package defined as a grouping of related types existing packages in Java are: java.lang - bundles the fundamental classes java.io - classes for input, output functions are bundled in this package 95

15 Creating a Package Put a package statement with the package name At the top of every source file that contains the classes, interfaces, enumerations, and annotation types that you want to include in the package The package statement should be the first line in the source file There can be only one package statement in each source file, and it applies to all types in the file 96

16 Example /* File name : Animal.java */ package animals; interface Animal { public void eat(); } package animals; /* File name : MammalInt.java */ public class Mammal implements Animal { public void eat() { System.out.println("Mammal eats"); } Now you compile these two files and put them in a sub-directory called animals 97

17 The Import Keyword If a class wants to use another class in the same package, the package name does not need to be used. Classes in the same package find each other without any special syntax The fully qualified name of the class can be used. import animals.mamal The package can be imported using the import keyword and the wild card (*) import animals.*; 98

18 FreeTTS Example Way to use existing packages Add jar library Import class 7/11/

19 Example FreeTTS 7/11/

20 Polymorphism 101

21 Polymorphism The real power comes with methods/behaviors. A better example: shape object types used by a drawing program. we want to be able to handle any kind of shape someone wants to code (in the future). we want to be able to write code now that can deal with shape objects (without knowing what they are!). 102

22 Example public interface Vegetarian {} public class Animal{} public class Deer extends Animal implements Vegetarian{} Deer class is considered to be polymorphic since this has multiple inheritance A Deer IS-A aanimal A Deer IS-A Vegetarian A Deer IS-A Deer A Deer IS-A Object 103

23 Types of Polymorphism Overloading Overriding Dynamic method binding 104

24 Example 7/11/

25 Example 7/11/

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