Contents. Before You Begin. Appendices M Q are PDF documents posted online at the book s Companion Website (

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1 Contents Appendices M Q are PDF documents posted online at the book s Companion Website ( Preface Before You Begin xxiii xxxiii 1 Introduction to Computers and Java Introduction Computers: Hardware and Software Data Hierarchy Computer Organization Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages Introduction to Object Technology Operating Systems Programming Languages Java and a Typical Java Development Environment Test-Driving a Java Application Web 2.0: Going Social Software Technologies Keeping Up-to-Date with Information Technologies Wrap-Up 32 2 Introduction to Java Applications Introduction Your First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text Modifying Your First Java Program Displaying Text with printf Another Application: Adding Integers Memory Concepts 52

2 viii Contents 2.7 Arithmetic Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators Wrap-Up 60 3 Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Strings Introduction Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class Declaring a Method with a Parameter Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods Primitive Types vs. Reference Types Initializing Objects with Constructors Floating-Point Numbers and Type double (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Dialog Boxes Wrap-Up 95 4 Control Statements: Part Introduction Algorithms Pseudocode Control Structures if Single-Selection Statement if else Double-Selection Statement while Repetition Statement Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements Compound Assignment Operators Increment and Decrement Operators Primitive Types (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Creating Simple Drawings Wrap-Up Control Statements: Part Introduction Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition for Repetition Statement Examples Using the for Statement do while Repetition Statement switch Multiple-Selection Statement break and continue Statements Logical Operators Structured Programming Summary 179

3 Contents ix 5.10 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Rectangles and Ovals Wrap-Up Methods: A Deeper Look Introduction Program Modules in Java static Methods, static Fields and Class Math Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters Notes on Declaring and Using Methods Method-Call Stack and Activation Records Argument Promotion and Casting Java API Packages Case Study: Random-Number Generation Generalized Scaling and Shifting of Random Numbers Random-Number Repeatability for Testing and Debugging Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing Enumerations Scope of Declarations Method Overloading (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Colors and Filled Shapes Wrap-Up Arrays and ArrayLists Introduction Arrays Declaring and Creating Arrays Examples Using Arrays Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation Enhanced for Statement Passing Arrays to Methods Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades Multidimensional Arrays Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array Variable-Length Argument Lists Using Command-Line Arguments Class Arrays Introduction to Collections and Class ArrayList (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Arcs Wrap-Up Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look Introduction Time Class Case Study Controlling Access to Members Referring to the Current Object s Members with the this Reference Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 320

4 x Contents 8.6 Default and No-Argument Constructors Notes on Set and Get Methods Composition Enumerations Garbage Collection and Method finalize static Class Members static Import final Instance Variables Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages Package Access (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Objects with Graphics Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance Introduction Superclasses and Subclasses protected Members Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class Creating and Using a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class Creating a CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Instance Variables CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Instance Variables Constructors in Subclasses Software Engineering with Inheritance Class Object (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Displaying Text and Images Using Labels Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism Introduction Polymorphism Examples Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior Abstract Classes and Methods Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism Abstract Superclass Employee Concrete Subclass SalariedEmployee Concrete Subclass HourlyEmployee Concrete Subclass CommissionEmployee Indirect Concrete Subclass BasePlusCommissionEmployee Polymorphic Processing, Operator instanceof and Downcasting 413

5 Contents xi Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables final Methods and Classes Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces Developing a Payable Hierarchy Interface Payable Class Invoice Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface Payable Modifying Class SalariedEmployee for Use in the Payable Hierarchy Using Interface Payable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically Common Interfaces of the Java API (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing with Polymorphism Wrap-Up Exception Handling: A Deeper Look Introduction Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions When to Use Exception Handling Java Exception Hierarchy finally Block Stack Unwinding and Obtaining Information from an Exception Object Chained Exceptions Declaring New Exception Types Preconditions and Postconditions Assertions (New in Java SE 7) Multi-catch: Handling Multiple Exceptions in One catch (New in Java SE 7) try-with-resources: Automatic Resource Deallocation Wrap-Up ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML Case Study Introduction Examining the Requirements Document Identifying the Classes in a Requirements Document Identifying Class Attributes Identifying Objects States and Activities Identifying Class Operations Indicating Collaboration Among Objects Wrap-Up 506

6 xii Contents 13 ATM Case Study Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design Introduction Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System ATM Case Study Implementation Class ATM Class Screen Class Keypad Class CashDispenser Class DepositSlot Class Account Class BankDatabase Class Transaction Class BalanceInquiry Class Withdrawal Class Deposit Class ATMCaseStudy Wrap-Up GUI Components: Part Introduction Java s New Nimbus Look-and-Feel Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane Overview of Swing Components Displaying Text and Images in a Window Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces How Event Handling Works JButton Buttons That Maintain State JCheckBox JRadioButton JComboBox; Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling JList Multiple-Selection Lists Mouse Event Handling Adapter Classes JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse Key Event Handling Introduction to Layout Managers FlowLayout BorderLayout GridLayout Using Panels to Manage More Complex Layouts 613

7 Contents xiii JTextArea Wrap-Up Graphics and Java 2D Introduction Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects Color Control Manipulating Fonts Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals Drawing Arcs Drawing Polygons and Polylines Java 2D API Wrap-Up Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions Introduction Fundamentals of Characters and Strings Class String String Constructors String Methods length, charat and getchars Comparing Strings Locating Characters and Substrings in Strings Extracting Substrings from Strings Concatenating Strings Miscellaneous String Methods String Method valueof Class StringBuilder StringBuilder Constructors StringBuilder Methods length, capacity, setlength and ensurecapacity StringBuilder Methods charat, setcharat, getchars and reverse StringBuilder append Methods StringBuilder Insertion and Deletion Methods Class Character Tokenizing Strings Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher Wrap-Up Files, Streams and Object Serialization Introduction Files and Streams Class File Sequential-Access Text Files Creating a Sequential-Access Text File 726

8 xiv Contents Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File Case Study: A Credit-Inquiry Program Updating Sequential-Access Files Object Serialization Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization Reading and Deserializing Data from a Sequential-Access File Additional java.io Classes Interfaces and Classes for Byte-Based Input and Output Interfaces and Classes for Character-Based Input and Output Opening Files with JFileChooser Wrap-Up Recursion Introduction Recursion Concepts Example Using Recursion: Factorials Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series Recursion and the Method-Call Stack Recursion vs. Iteration Towers of Hanoi Fractals Recursive Backtracking Wrap-Up Searching, Sorting and Big O Introduction Searching Algorithms Linear Search Binary Search Sorting Algorithms Selection Sort Insertion Sort Merge Sort Wrap-Up Generic Collections Introduction Collections Overview Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing Interface Collection and Class Collections Lists ArrayList and Iterator LinkedList 836

9 Contents xv 20.7 Collections Methods Method sort Method shuffle Methods reverse, fill, copy, max and min Method binarysearch Methods addall, frequency and disjoint Stack Class of Package java.util Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue Sets Maps Properties Class Synchronized Collections Unmodifiable Collections Abstract Implementations Wrap-Up Generic Classes and Methods Introduction Motivation for Generic Methods Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type Overloading Generic Methods Generic Classes Raw Types Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters Generics and Inheritance: Notes Wrap-Up Custom Generic Data Structures Introduction Self-Referential Classes Dynamic Memory Allocation Linked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Wrap-Up Applets and Java Web Start Introduction Sample Applets Provided with the JDK Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String Executing WelcomeApplet in the appletviewer Executing an Applet in a Web Browser 951

10 xvi Contents 23.4 Applet Life-Cycle Methods Initialization with Method init Sandbox Security Model Java Web Start and the Java Network Launch Protocol (JNLP) Packaging the DrawTest Applet for Use with Java Web Start JNLP Document for the DrawTest Applet Wrap-Up Multimedia: Applets and Applications Introduction Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images Animating a Series of Images Image Maps Loading and Playing Audio Clips Playing Video and Other Media with Java Media Framework Wrap-Up Web Resources GUI Components: Part Introduction JSlider Windows: Additional Notes Using Menus with Frames JPopupMenu Pluggable Look-and-Feel JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame JTabbedPane Layout Managers: BoxLayout and GridBagLayout Wrap-Up Multithreading Introduction Thread States: Life Cycle of a Thread Creating and Executing Threads with Executor Framework Thread Synchronization Unsynchronized Data Sharing Synchronized Data Sharing Making Operations Atomic Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue Producer/Consumer Relationship with Synchronization Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces Concurrent Collections Overview Multithreading with GUI 1095

11 Contents xvii Performing Computations in a Worker Thread Processing Intermediate Results with SwingWorker Interfaces Callable and Future Java SE 7: Fork/Join Framework Wrap-Up Networking Introduction Manipulating URLs Reading a File on a Web Server Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets Client/Server Interaction with Stream Socket Connections Datagrams: Connectionless Client/Server Interaction Client/Server Tic-Tac-Toe Using a Multithreaded Server [Web Bonus] Case Study: DeitelMessenger Wrap-Up Accessing Databases with JDBC Introduction Relational Databases Relational Database Overview: The books Database SQL Basic SELECT Query WHERE Clause ORDER BY Clause Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN INSERT Statement UPDATE Statement DELETE Statement Instructions for Installing MySQL and MySQL Connector/J Instructions for Setting Up a MySQL User Account Creating Database books in MySQL Manipulating Databases with JDBC Connecting to and Querying a Database Querying the books Database RowSet Interface Java DB/Apache Derby PreparedStatements Stored Procedures Transaction Processing Wrap-Up Web Resources 1228

12 xviii Contents 29 JavaServer Faces Web Apps: Part Introduction HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Transactions Multitier Application Architecture Your First JSF Web App The Default index.xhtml Document: Introducing Facelets Examining the WebTimeBean Class Building the WebTime JSF Web App in NetBeans Model-View-Controller Architecture of JSF Apps Common JSF Components Validation Using JSF Standard Validators Session Tracking Cookies Session Tracking Beans Wrap-Up JavaServer Faces Web Apps: Part Introduction Accessing Databases in Web Apps Setting Up the Database 1279 Class AddressBean index.xhtml Facelets Page addentry.xhtml Facelets Page Ajax Adding Ajax Functionality to the Validation App Wrap-Up Web Services Introduction Web Service Basics Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Representational State Transfer (REST) JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Publishing and Consuming SOAP-Based Web Services Creating a Web Application Project and Adding a Web Service Class in NetBeans Defining the WelcomeSOAP Web Service in NetBeans Publishing the WelcomeSOAP Web Service from NetBeans Testing the WelcomeSOAP Web Service with GlassFish Application Server s Tester Web Page Describing a Web Service with the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) Creating a Client to Consume the WelcomeSOAP Web Service Consuming the WelcomeSOAP Web Service 1312

13 Contents xix 31.7 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based XML Web Services Creating a REST-Based XML Web Service Consuming a REST-Based XML Web Service Publishing and Consuming REST-Based JSON Web Services Creating a REST-Based JSON Web Service Consuming a REST-Based JSON Web Service Session Tracking in a SOAP Web Service Creating a Blackjack Web Service Consuming the Blackjack Web Service Consuming a Database-Driven SOAP Web Service Creating the Reservation Database Creating a Web Application to Interact with the Reservation Service Equation Generator: Returning User-Defined Types Creating the EquationGeneratorXML Web Service Consuming the EquationGeneratorXML Web Service Creating the EquationGeneratorJSON Web Service Consuming the EquationGeneratorJSON Web Service Wrap-Up 1357 A Operator Precedence Chart 1365 B ASCII Character Set 1367 C Keywords and Reserved Words 1368 D Primitive Types 1369 E Using the Java API Documentation 1370 E.1 Introduction 1370 E.2 Navigating the Java API 1370 F Using the Debugger 1378 F.1 Introduction 1379 F.2 Breakpoints and the run, stop, cont and print Commands 1379 F.3 The print and set Commands 1383 F.4 Controlling Execution Using the step, step up and next Commands 1385 F.5 The watch Command 1388 F.6 The clear Command 1391 F.7 Wrap-Up 1393 G Formatted Output 1395 G.1 Introduction 1396

14 xx Contents G.2 Streams 1396 G.3 Formatting Output with printf 1396 G.4 Printing Integers 1397 G.5 Printing Floating-Point Numbers 1398 G.6 Printing Strings and Characters 1400 G.7 Printing Dates and Times 1401 G.8 Other Conversion Characters 1403 G.9 Printing with Field Widths and Precisions 1405 G.10 Using Flags in the printf Format String 1407 G.11 Printing with Argument Indices 1411 G.12 Printing Literals and Escape Sequences 1411 G.13 Formatting Output with Class Formatter 1412 G.14 Wrap-Up 1413 H Number Systems 1418 H.1 Introduction 1419 H.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 1422 H.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 1423 H.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 1423 H.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal 1424 H.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two s Complement Notation 1426 I GroupLayout 1431 I.1 Introduction 1431 I.2 GroupLayout Basics 1431 I.3 Building a ColorChooser 1432 I.4 GroupLayout Web Resources 1442 J Java Desktop Integration Components 1443 J.1 Introduction 1443 J.2 Splash Screens 1443 J.3 Desktop Class 1445 J.4 Tray Icons 1447 K Mashups 1449 K.1 Introduction 1449 K.2 Popular Mashups 1449 K.3 APIs Commonly Used in Mashups 1450 K.4 Deitel Mashups Resource Center 1450 K.5 Deitel RSS Resource Center 1451 K.6 Mashup Performance and Reliability Issues 1451 L Unicode 1452 L.1 Introduction 1452

15 Contents xxi L.2 Unicode Transformation Formats 1453 L.3 Characters and Glyphs 1454 L.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode 1454 L.5 Using Unicode 1455 L.6 Character Ranges 1457 Appendices on the Web 1459 Index 1461 Appendices M Q are PDF documents posted online at the book s Companion Website ( M Creating Documentation with javadoc M-1 M.1 Introduction M-1 M.2 Documentation Comments M-1 M.3 Documenting Java Source Code M-1 M.4 javadoc M-8 M.5 Files Produced by javadoc M-9 N Bit Manipulation N-1 N.1 Introduction N-1 N.2 Bit Manipulation and the Bitwise Operators N-1 N.3 BitSet Class N-11 O Labeled break and continue Statements O-1 O.1 Introduction O-1 O.2 Labeled break Statement O-1 O.3 Labeled continue Statement O-2 P UML 2: Additional Diagram Types P-1 P.1 Introduction P-1 P.2 Additional Diagram Types P-1 Q Design Patterns Q-1 Q.1 Introduction Q-1 Q.2 Creational, Structural and Behavioral Design Patterns Q-2 Q.2.1 Creational Design Patterns Q-3 Q.2.2 Structural Design Patterns Q-5

16 xxii Contents Q.2.3 Behavioral Design Patterns Q-6 Q.2.4 Conclusion Q-7 Q.3 Design Patterns in Packages java.awt and javax.swing Q-7 Q.3.1 Creational Design Patterns Q-7 Q.3.2 Structural Design Patterns Q-8 Q.3.3 Behavioral Design Patterns Q-10 Q.3.4 Conclusion Q-13 Q.4 Concurrency Design Patterns Q-14 Q.5 Design Patterns Used in Packages java.io and java.net Q-15 Q.5.1 Creational Design Patterns Q-15 Q.5.2 Structural Design Patterns Q-15 Q.5.3 Architectural Patterns Q-16 Q.5.4 Conclusion Q-19 Q.6 Design Patterns Used in Package java.util Q-19 Q.6.1 Creational Design Patterns Q-19 Q.6.2 Behavioral Design Patterns Q-19 Q.7 Wrap-Up Q-20