Parrot VM. Allison Randal Parrot Foundation & O'Reilly Media, Inc.
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1 Parrot VM Allison Randal Parrot Foundation & O'Reilly Media, Inc.
2 There's an odd misconception in the computing world that writing compilers is hard. This view is fueled by the fact that we don't write compilers very often. People used to think writing CGI code was hard. Well, it is hard, if you do it in C without any tools.
3 PHP Ruby Perl 5 Perl 6 Python Parrot VM
4 Javascript Lua Objective-C Scheme PHP Tcl Ruby Dylan Perl 5 Perl 6 Python TeX macro Invent your language here. Forth Parrot VM
5 Dynamic Languages Runtime vs. compile-time Extend code (eval, load) Define classes Alter type system Higher-order functions Closures, Continuations, Coroutines
6 Why? Revolution Powerful tools Portability Interoperability Innovation
7 Stack operations Register-based
8 Register-based Stack operations 14
9 Register-based Stack operations 9 14
10 Register-based Stack operations add 9 14
11 Register-based Stack operations 23
12 Register-based Stack operations Register operations 9 14
13 Register-based Stack operations Register operations 9 14 add
14 Register-based Stack operations Register operations
15 Register-based Stack operations Register operations Fewer instructions Hardware registers Register spilling Flexible register sets
16 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow
17 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow foo
18 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow foo return addr
19 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow 12 9 foo return addr
20 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow return addr
21 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow
22 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow Continuation-based control flow Context: main
23 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow Continuation-based control flow Context: main Context: foo
24 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow Continuation-based control flow Continuation Context: main Context: foo
25 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow Continuation-based control flow Continuation Context: main Context: foo Context: bar
26 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow Continuation-based control flow Continuation Continuation Context: main Context: foo Context: bar
27 Continuation Passing Style Stack-based control flow Continuation-based control flow Deeply nested contexts Tail recursion Continuation Continuation Context: main Context: foo Context: bar
28 Parser Grammar Engine (PGE) Parrot Compiler Toolkit (PCT) NQP PAST HLLCompiler PASM (assembly language) PIR (intermediate representation) Parrot VM I/O GC Events Exceptions OO IMCC Unicode Threads STM JIT
29 PASM Assembly language Simple syntax add I0, I1, I2 Human-readable bytecode
30 PIR Syntactic sugar $I0 = $I1 + $I2 Named variables.local int myvar $I0 = myvar + 5 Sub and method calls result = object.'method'($i0)
31 NQP Not Quite P(HP ython erl uby) Lightweight language $a := 1; print($a, "\n"); Compiler tools $past := PAST::Op.new( :name('printnl') );
32 Parser Grammar Engine Regular expressions Recursive descent Operator precedence parser
33 HLLCompiler Base library Quick start Common features
34 Pipp Download Build $ perl Configure.PL $ make test Language $ cd languages/pipp $ make test
35 Pipp hello.php <?php echo "Hello, World!\n";?> Run $ parrot pipp.pir hello.php $ pipp hello.php
36 pipp.pir 367 lines $P1 = new ['PCT';'HLLCompiler'] $P1.'language'('Pipp') $P1.'parsegrammar'(['Pipp';'Grammar']) $P1.'parseactions'(['Pipp';'Grammar';'Actions'])
37 grammar.pg Parser rule argument_list { [ <expression> [',' <expression>]* ]? {*} }
38 actions.nqp Transform to AST method echo_statement($/) { my $past := $( $<argument_list> ); $past.name( 'echo' ); make $past; }
39 42 Value Transformation
40 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ token integer { \d+ }
41 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42
42 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42 Transform rule integer method integer($/) {...}
43 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42 Transform rule integer AST node <PAST::Val> value: 42 returns: Integer
44 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42 AST tree grammar rule integer AST node <PAST::Val> value: 42 returns: Integer Transform rule PAST::Val ost = self.as_post(ast)
45 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42 Transform rule integer AST node <PAST::Val> value: 42 returns: Integer Transform rule PAST::Val OST node <POST::Op> result: 1
46 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42 Transform rule integer AST node Transform rule OST node Transform rule <PAST::Val> value: 42 returns: Integer PAST::Val <POST::Op> result: 1 POST::Val self.pir(ost)
47 Value Transformation Parser grammar rule integer 42 \d+ Parse tree <integer> value: 42 Transform rule integer AST node Transform rule OST node Transform rule <PAST::Val> value: 42 returns: Integer PAST::Val <POST::Op> result: 1 POST::Val 42
48 Operator Transformation 6 * 9
49 Operator Transformation Parser grammar OPP rule 6 * 9 infix:* proto infix:* is looser(prefix:+) {...}
50 Operator Transformation Parser grammar OPP rule 6 * 9 infix:* Parse tree <expr> type: 'infix:*' <integer> value: 6 <integer> value: 9
51 Operator Transformation Parse tree <expr> type: 'infix:*' <integer> value: 6 <integer> value: 9
52 Operator Transformation Parse tree Transform rule <expr> type: 'infix:*' expr <integer> value: 6 <integer> value: 9
53 Operator Transformation Parse tree Transform rule AST tree <expr> type: 'infix:*' expr <PAST::Op> name: infix:* <integer> value: 6 <integer> value: 9 <PAST::Val> value: 6 returns: Integer <PAST::Val> value: 9 returns: Integer
54 Operator Transformation AST tree <PAST::Op> name: infix:* <PAST::Val> value: 6 returns: Integer <PAST::Val> value: 9 returns: Integer
55 Operator Transformation AST tree Transform rule <PAST::Op> name: infix:* PAST::Op <PAST::Val> value: 6 returns: Integer <PAST::Val> value: 9 returns: Integer
56 Operator Transformation AST tree Transform rule OST tree <PAST::Op> name: infix:* PAST::Op <POST::Ops> <PAST::Val> value: 6 returns: Integer <PAST::Val> value: 9 returns: Integer variable setup <POST::Op> name: n_mul <POST::Ops> result: $P1 <POST::Ops> result: 6 <POST::Ops> result: 9
57 Operator Transformation.sub _main :main new $P1, 'Integer' new $P2, 'Integer' set $P2, 6 new $P3, 'Integer' set $P3, 9 mul $P1, $P2, $P3.end
58 Examples In the Parrot distribution: examples/tutorial/*.pir
59 Questions? Further Reading Continuations and advanced flow control by Jonathan Bartlett < The case for virtual register machines by Brian Davis, et al. < Pipp project site
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