Agenda. Container and Component
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1 Agenda Types of GUI classes/objects Step-by-step guide to create a graphic user interface Step-by-step guide to event-handling PS5 Problem 1 PS5 Problem 2 Container and Component There are two types of graphic user interface classes Components : JButton, JLabel, JTextField, etc. Containers: which hold those components, e.g. JFrame, JPanel, Container, etc. Frame Frame is the top-level container which provides a place for other components to paint themselves. Frame = Window A JFrame contains a title bar, a menu bar, and a ContentPane settitle("powers of Two"); Container conpane = getcontentpane(); ContentPane provides the canvas where we could add other components conpane.add(xxxx); 1
2 Container Panel Simplest form of container Its only purpose is to simplify the positioning of buttons, labels and other components Container Layout Each container must have a layout manager which manages the layout the of the components inside the container BorderLayout Lays out components in 5 areas: north, south, east, west, and center. All extra space is placed in the center area FlowLayout Lays out components from left to right GridLayout Makes a bunch of components equal in size and displays them in the requested number of rows and columns 2
3 Components JButton: button JTextField: single line input field Jlabel: display text JComboBox: drop down list where user can select a value 5-Steps to Build a Graphic User Interface 1. Create top- level container 2. Set the layout of the container 3. Create components 3a. Create intermediate container(s) to better organize the components 4. Add components to the container 5. Add event handling capabilities Problem set 5 Problem 1: Every time user clicks the Double button, the value in the text field doubles 3
4 PS5-1: Step 1, 2: Create Top-Level Container and Set Its Layout Frame: Since this is a standalone GUI application, the simplest way is to extend the JFrame class Constructor Get the contentpane Set layout of the contentpane Set frame title. Packs the frame to a decent size public class Pow2Frame extends JFrame { Public Pow2Frame() { Container conpane = getcontentpane(); conpane.setlayout(new BorderLayout()); settitle("powers of Two"); pack(); } } PS5-1: Step 3: Create Components Three components Label JLabel valuelabel = new JLabel("Value:"); TextField Initial value 1 Maximum size 6 JTextField valuefield = new JTextField("1", 6); Button doublebutton = new JButton("Double"); 4
5 PS5-1: Step 3a, 4: Create Intermediate Container and Add Components Why? Better organize the components How? Create a panel Set its layout to FlowLayout Add all the components to the panel in the right sequence Add the panel to the bottom of the frame s contentpane Jpanel buttonholder = new JPanel(); How? buttonholder.add(valuelabel); buttonholder.add(valuefield); buttonholder.add(doublebutton); conpane.add(buttonholder, BorderLayout.SOUTH); PS5-1: Step 5: Handle the Event Event handling is of fundamental importance to GUI programs It can be intimidating for beginning programmers However, it is MUCH simpler than you thought Summary of the event handling process: 1. What event do you want to handle? (click a button, press a key, etc.) 2. Find the event type (e.g. ActionEvent) 3. Implement the Listener interface of that event (e.g ActionListener) 4. Add the Listener to that object (e.g. button) 5. Define the functionality of the listener (e.g. what the program would do if user clicks the button) 5
6 PS5-1: Step 5: Handle the Event 1. What event do you want to handle on what object? (click a button, press a key, etc.) 2. Find the event type (e.g. ActionEvent), listener, and interface 3. Implement the Listener interface of that event (e.g ActionListener) 4. Add the Listener to that object (e.g. button) 5. Define the interface of the listener (e.g. what the program would do if user clicks the button) Every time user click the Double button, Event: ActionEvent Listener: ActionListener Interface: actionperformed( ) public class Pow2Frame extends JFrame implements ActionListener doublebutton.addactionlistener(this); public void actionperformed(actionevent e) { String valuestring = valuefield.gettext(); int value = Integer.parseInt(valueString); value *= 2; valuestring = Integer.toString(value); valuefield.settext(valuestring); } How to Handle The Event If There are Multiple Objects Listening to it? Issue: If there are two buttons, both generating an ActionEvent How can Java determine which object triggers the event? Solution e.getsource() Public void actionperformed (ActionEvent e) { if (e.getsource() == b1) //which object is the event source? label.settext ( b1 is printed ); else if (e.getsource() == b2) label.settext ( b2 is printed ); } 6
7 PS5 Problem 2: GUI What is the top-level container? What is its layout? What are the components? The center of the contentpane is a customized panel called BusDrawing (given) Do we need a panel? If we do, what is its layout? PS5 Problem 2: Events 1. What event do you want to handle on what object? (click a button, press a key, etc.) 2. Find the event type (e.g. ActionEvent), listener, and interface 3. Implement the Listener interface of that event (e.g ActionListener) 4. Add the Listener to that object (e.g. button) 5. Define the interface of the listener (e.g. what the program would do if user clicks the button) 7
8 PS5 Problem 2: Hints BusSystem: Class that optimizes a set of bus routes based on: Bus time Parking Objective weight User needs to set the parameters and call the optimize() function BusDrawing A customized panel that draws the bus routes based on the particular BusSystem object BusDrawing drawarea = new BusDrawing(bSystem); conpane.add(drawarea, BorderLayout.CENTER); How to use BusDrawing drawarea.buslines(); drawarea.repaint(); PS5 Problem 2: Hints Create a JComboBox The constructor of JComboBox takes a String array which contains the selections // Combo box to select parking costs String[] parkingoptions = {"0.00", "2.00", "4.00", "6.00", "8.00", "10.00"}; JComboBox parkingbox= new JComboBox(parkingOptions); 8
9 PS5 Problem 2: More Hints BusFrame What events must be handled? Do you need to handle events from the text fields and combo boxes? Why or why not? Hint: you don t need to handle these events Once you decide the event(s) that must be handled: How do you read the data from each component? Hint: Using getselecteditem(), etc., same as if responding to an event from that source What class(es) will implement ActionListener? Hint: the container panel is a convenient choice What is the logic in the ActionPerformed method(s)? Hint: it must read the combo boxes, set BusSystem parameters, invoke the optimization calculation and then the drawing methods How do you connect the event source(s) and the listener(s)? Can you safely ignore some events? Hint: Yes. 9
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