Index. Decomposability, 13 Deep reflection, 136 Dependency hell, 19 --describe-module, 39

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1 Index A --add-exports option, 28, , 142, 192 Apache Maven compatibility, 214 Compiler plugin, 212, 214 goals, 209 JDeps plugin goals, 210 options, 211 JEP 223 New Version-String scheme, 209 Automatic modules advantage, 125 characteristics, 125 deriving module names, describe-module option, 128 fatal error, 128 filename-based algorithm, link-time, 129 Log4j library, 126 requirements, 126 versions of JAR files, 127 B --bind-services, 117 Boot layer, 181, 184 C Cars brake systems service consumers, 95 service providers, 95 checkpackageaccess(string packagename) method, 24 ClassLoader.java, 166 Class loading mechanism getplatformclassloader() method, 179 Jigsaw, 179 JPMS, 178 JVM, 178 Class path, 19 Cohesion, 6 Combinability, 13 Compact profiles, 18 Compilation process, 143 Concealed packages, 145 Continuity, 13 Coupling between modules, 96 Custom runtime images, 25 Cyclic dependencies, 147 D Decomposability, 13 Deep reflection, 136 Dependency hell, 19 --describe-module, 39 E Eclipse, 208 Encapsulation, 5, 19 add readability, 137 deep reflection, 136 export package, illegal-access option, JDK-internal APIs, Junit test class, 137 root set, trysetaccessible() method, 141 unsupported package, 135 warning messages, 140 Explicit dependencies, 18 Exports statements, 37 F Faster development, 14 Filename-based algorithm, Alexandru Jecan 2017 A. Jecan, Java 9 Modularity Revealed, DOI /

2 G getresourceasstream() method, 166 H Hamcrest-Core, 139 I Illegal reflective access, 139 Integrated development environments (IDEs) eclipse, 208 Intellij IDEA, Netbeans, 208 Intellij IDEA add module-info.java, 206 autocomplete function, visualizing module, 207 J, K JAR files --describe-module option, 128 multi-module, 186 multi-release (see Multi-release JAR files) split packages, 146 JAR hell, 19 Java 9 encapsulation, JDK and JRE, 27, 88 Jigsaw module, 45 Jlink, 105 migration, 29, Module class, 156 runtime image, 89 unit testing, java.activation, 33 Java Archive (JAR) files, 18 java.base, 33 Java Community Process (JCP), 34 java.compiler, 33 java.corba, 33 java.datatransfer, 33 Java Dependency Analysis Tool (JDeps) definition, 130 generate module descriptor, Guava library, options, 132 java.desktop, 33 java.instrument, 33 java.logging, 33 java.management, 33 java.management.rmi, 33 java.naming, 33 Java Platform Module System (JPMS), 20, 96 97, java.prefs, 33 java.rmi, 33 Java Runtime Environments (JREs), 105 java.scripting, 33 java.se, 33 java.security.jgss, 33 java.security.sasl, 33 java.se.ee, 33 java.sql, 33 java.sql.rowset, 33 java.transaction, 33 Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 178 java.xml, 33 java.xml.bind, 33 java.xml.crypto, 33 java.xml.ws, 33 java.xml.ws.annotation, 33 JDeps, 28 Apache Maven goals, 210 options, 211 JDK 7 module graph, JDK 9 consume and provide services, 97 load() method, 99 one consumer and one provider, one consumer and two providers, provides with clause, 98 stream() method, 100 structure of the build system, 42 target commands, 42 uses clause, JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEP), 20 JEP 200 (the Modular JDK), 20 JEP 201 (Modular Source Code), 20 JEP 220 (Modular Run-Time Images), 20 JEP 260 (Encapsulate Most Internal APIs), 21 JEP 261 (Module System), 21 JEP 282 (jlink: The Java Linker), 21 JDK-internal APIs critical category, 133 migration process, 142 non-critical category, 133 sun.net package, 134 JDK modularization, 31 Jigsaw, 98, 179 Jigsaw, Project. See Project Jigsaw Jlink tool command options, 108 command syntax, 107 compression levels, 121 custom runtime images, 106 directories, 107 excludes-files plugin, 122 generated runtime image, 119 Guava JAR file, 119

3 input files, Java launcher, 118 jdk.jlink module, link phase, 109 modular JAR files, 118 output files, plugins, 120 release-info plugin, 121 runtime image, creation --add-modules, bin directory, 116 check file size, 118 check size, 117 conf directory, 117 DatabasePersistenceService, , 114 FilePersistenceService, javac command, 114 legal directory, 117 lib directory, list-modules, 116 reduce file size, 118 service binding, 117 JMOD files, 23, JSR 376, 20 Junit test in different modules, resides on class path, 200 Junit test classes, 137, L Layers basics of, booting, 181 configuration create new, 182 ModuleLayer class, 183 resolve module, 182 definition, 180 getlayer() method, 181 loaded modules, 184 Linking phase, 23 Loose coupling, 7 10, M Maintainability, 2 Maven pom.xml file, 201, 203 Migration process compilation process, 143 cyclic dependencies, 147 encapsulated JDK internal APIs, 142 getsystemresource() method, 148 module graph, 142 new versioning scheme, 147 removed methods, 148 split packages concealed packages, 145 JAR files, 146 JEP 146, 200 JPMS requirement, 146 two modules, 144 top-down migration, , 152, 154 Modifier, 161 Modularity change performed, 5 characteristics, 5 cohesion, 6 coupling, 7 defined, 1 encapsulation, 5 explicit interfaces, 6 goal, 2 high module cohesion, 6 implementation, 4 interface, 4 low module coupling, 7 maintainability, 2 modern software architecture, 1 module definition, 3 5 reliable configuration, 5 reusability, 2 structure, 4 tight and loose coupling, 7 10, Modular JAR, 23 Modular JDK, 23, 31 --list-modules, 31 module graph, 35 java.base module, 36 java.se.ee module, 36 java.se module, 36 modules description, java.base, Java runtime system, 32 standard, platform modules, 34 non-standard modules, 34 standard modules, 34 source code, 39 build process adjustments, classes directories, 40 conf directory, 40 module directory, 40 module-info.java, 40 native directory, 40 new scheme, structure,

4 Modular programming, 2, 13, 16 benefits, 14 defined, 1 and OOP, 14 principles, 13 Module API accessing resources, 166 attributes, classes, 155 constructors, 157 descriptor() method, 169 enumerations, 156 exceptions, 156 find() method, 169 getdescriptor() method, 159 interfaces, 155 java.lang.class, 158 method getunnamedmodule() class, 166 methods, ModuleDescriptor class, 159 ModuleDescriptor Attributes, 159 ModuleDescriptor.Exports class, 161 ModuleDescriptor Methods, 160 ModuleDescriptor.Opens class, 161 ModuleDescriptor.Provides class, 162 ModuleDescriptor.Requires class, 160, 161 ModuleDescriptor.Version Class, 162 ModuleFinder interface, 163 Module java.base, module path, 166 ModuleReader interface, 163, 165 ModuleCore class, 166 Module path, 23 Module system, 22 Multi-release JAR files attribute, 176 creation, 177 definition, 174 JDK 8, 176 update, 177 versioning metadata, 175 N NetBeans, 208 No access modifier, 19 O Object-oriented programming (OOP) vs. modular programming, 14 Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi), 29 P, Q --patch-module option advantages, 192 command-line options, Junit test in different modules, resides on class path, 200 POJO class, , 196 syntax, 192 Private access modifier, 19 Project Jigsaw, 17, 31 backward compatibility, documentation, 21 downloading and installing, 21 enhancements, 24 scalability and performance, 25 security, 24 generalities keywords in Java 9, 25 no versioning, 25 goals, JRE and JDK, 28 binary structure, 26 conf directory, 28 rt.jar and tools.jar files, 28 modularization, 20 Open JDK, 20 OSGi and, 29 platform modularization, 26 preparing, reliable configuration, 24 strong encapsulation, 23 weaknesses in Java prior to JDK 9, 17 JAR hell problem, 19 weak encapsulation, 19 Protected access modifier, 19 Public access modifier, 19 R Reliable configuration, 24 Reusability, 2 rt.jar, 22, 25 S Scalability, monolithic system, 15 Service consumer modules, 97 ServiceLoader API, 96 Service provider modules, 97 setaccessible()method,

5 Software application complexity, 1 dependencies, 1 reuse, 1 Split packages, 28 concealed packages, 145 JAR files, 146 JEP 146, 200 JPMS requirement, 146 two modules, 144 Strong encapsulation, 23 T Testing process, 14 Tight coupling, 7 10, Top-down migration Google Gson, 149 JAR files, 152 Main class, 150 News class, source code, 154 U, V, W Understandability, 13 Unit test, 189 Unsupported APIs, 26 Upgradeable modules, 186 Uses statements, 37 X, Y, Z -Xmodule option,