Lab 9: Creating a Reusable Class
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- Trevor Bradford
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1 Lab 9: Creating a Reusable Class Objective This will introduce the student to creating custom, reusable classes This will introduce the student to using the custom, reusable class This will reinforce programming skills This will reinforce past topics with the student This will give the student practice with debugging logic errors. What You'll Need Text Editor, such as a notepad or Wordpad Latest SDK from Java A command prompt NOTE BEFORE YOU BEGIN If you are creating a class, you will need to design the outcome and design the pseudocode yourself. In this lab, the outcome and the pseudocode have been designed for you for time saving purposes. You should practice with designing pseudocode and outcomes that are not in this lab. In this lab, we are going to create a reusable, custom class in Java that will allow us to perform different mathematical functions, such as calculating an average, calculating a factorial, calculating an area of a rectangle, and calculating an area of a circle. 1) Open a text editor, such as notepad. 2) Before we write our code, we need to design our class. Let s follow the guideline for creating pseudocode for our class. As you will learn, this could become a laborious process. However, for the sake of the lab, we are going to keep this very simple. Create a list of properties that the class could have. These properties will become the instance variables. Based on this assessment, we don t need any variables. Create a list of methods that the class could have. These will become our methods. 1. We can calculate an average value based on a total and the total number of numbers. 2. We can calculate a factorial based on a value. 3. We can calculate the area of a rectangle based on the width and the height. 4. We can calculate the area of a circle based on a radius. Based on this assessment, we will have the following methods: o We need a method that will calculate an average and give us the result. In order for the method to work, we will need to pass two double values the total value, and the number of numbers. For example, if we were going to find the average of a sum of 9 numbers, we would pass the sum and 9. o We need a method that will calculate the factorial of a number and give us the result. In order for the method to do it s job, we will need to pass one integer. For example, 8! is 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 *3 * 2 * 1. o We need a method that will calculate the area of a rectangle and return the value. In order for the method to do it s job, we will need to pass two integers one to represent the width, and one to represent the height.
2 o We need a method that will calculate the area of a circle and return the value. In order for the method to work, we will need to pass one integer to represent the radius. Create a list of what you would like to happen when the programmer creates an instance of the class. This will be our constructor. Based on this assessment, we will need on constructors. o One constructor will be a default constructor that will do nothing. 3) Now that we have our sketch based on our pseudocode, we are going to create our program. Type the following code in notepad: /* * CustomMath - a class that performs special calculations public class CustomMath() 4) Save your work. At this stage, you should know how to save your work in notepad. Save your work as CustomMath.java. 5) We do not need to create any instance variables. 6) Now we are going to create our constructor. Even though we have no instance variables or values to initialize, we are required by Java to create a constructor. We are going to create a default constructor with an empty body. The empty body is legal in Java. Move your cursor after the left curly bracket() and press enter. 7) Type the following code: /* the default constructor public CustomMath 8) Save your work. 9) Now, we are going to write the methods. Based on our analysis, we have quite a few methods to write. We are going to try to use the Java naming standards for methods in a class. Move your cursor after the right curly bracket () that closes the constructor and press Enter to go to the next line. For aesthetic purposes, press Enter again to get a blank line. 10) All of our methods will return any values, so we will need to specify a return data type, and we will need a return statement in our methods. All of our methods will need parameters in order to do the job, so we will need to define parameters within the parentheses in the method declaration. Type the following code: /* calcaverage - pass a sum and the total of numbers, and return the * answer public double calcaverage(double sum, double total) double answer = sum / total; return answer; /* calcfactorial - pass an integer, and return the factorial. Return a long * in case the answer is a huge number public long calcfactorial(int base)
3 // use a for loop to multiply the numbers // go through loop "base" number of times long answer = 1; for (int x = 1; x <= base; x++) answer *= x; return answer; /* calcarearect - pass a width and height, and return a integer * public int calcarearect(int w, int h) // neat trick - you can return the results of a mathematical equation return w * h; /* calcareacircle - pass a radius, and return a double * public double calcareacircle(int r) // area = PI * r squared double area = (Math.pow(r, 2)) * Math.PI; return area; Note: The algorithms to figure out the positions were based on existing equations and special logic. 11) Save your work. 12) At this stage, you should know how to compile your program. Compile your program. If you have had a successful compile, you should get a similar result:
4 13) Now, we are going to write a program that will generally test our class. Open a new notepad session. 14) Type the following code: public class TestCustomMath public static void main(string[] args) CustomMath cm = new CustomMath(); /* test the average double num = ; double avg = cm.calcaverage(num, 3); System.out.println("The average: " + avg); /* test the factorial - shoudl say 6 long fact = cm.calcfactorial(3); System.out.println("The factorial of 3 is: " + fact); /* test the areas int area = cm.calcarearect(3, 4); System.out.println("The area of a 3 x 4 rectangle: " + area); double areacirc = cm.calcareacircle(3); System.out.println("The area of a circle whose radius is 3: " + areacirc); 15) Save your work as TestCustomMath.java. 16) Compile your program. If your program doesn t compile because the Java compiler doesn t recognize your CustomMath class, compile the program using the following command: javac classpath. TestCustomMath.java If your program compiled successfully, you will get a similar result: 17) To run the program, type java TestCustomMath You should get a similar result:
5 CONGRATULATIONS! You made a reusable, custom class. CHALLENGERS: If this lab was too easy for you, try this. o Modify the methods that return doubles to return a formatted decimal to two places. o Practice method overloading with the method to calculate an average by allowing the individual to pass two integers, and it will return an integer value as the average. o Practice method overloading with the method to calculate the area of a rectangle by allowing the individual to pass two decimals, and it will return a decimal value as the area. o EXPERIMENT!!
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