PRESENTS: Ap.LCase. App!e PugetSound Program Library Exchange

Transcription

1 PRESENTS: Ap.LCase App!e PugetSound Program Library Exchange

2 Ap.LCase LOWER CASE CHIP by Paul Brown Ap. LCase may be used only on a Rev.7 or later Apple. If you don't know what version your Apple is, STOP right now and check. You can identify a Rev.7 or later by the absence of the three 16K RAM strapping blocks. On earlier Apples, you will find three strapping blocks, stamped "16K" in white ink three times, at the left end of each row of RAM chips. steps: The Ap.LCase lower case chip is very simple to install. Just follow these 1. Turn the power to the Apple off. 2. Remove the power cord, the monitor/tv cable, the paddle connector and all peripheral cards. 3. Turn the Apple upside down with the front nearest you. 4. By referring to the diagram below, remove the cover attaching screws, noting that the four front screws are different than the six side screws.. \ BOTTOM 0 SCREWS COVER REMOVE VIEW COVER SCREWS ONLY! FRONT 5. Holding the cover and base together turn the Apple over to its normal position. 6. Remove the keyboard connector from the main board noting its orientation (for later reinstallation). Now remove the cover. 7. Locate socket A5 on the main board, labelled ROM SPCL. This is the character generator chip you will replace. 8. Remove it by carefully prying on alternate sides until it is free, then lift it off. 9. With the notch in Ap. LCase chip positioned to the left (towards the power supply side), insert it carefully into the socket. Gently but firmly press the chip into place, so that all the pins are securely seated. 10. Reinstall the keyboard connector and then the cover. 11. Holding the cover and base together, turn the Apple upside down. 12. Replace the cover attaching screws and tighten them up.

3 13. Turn the Apple over to its normal position. 14. Replace all peripheral cards, the paddle connector, the monitor/tv cable and power cord. 15. Double check all connections and turn the power on. 16. It's installed! Note these instructions apply specifically only to Rev. 7 and later Apple Computers. DEMONSTRATION Now that your chip is installed, you probably want to see all the new characters that are now available. Enter and run this sample Applesoft program to display all your new characters. 100 REM CHARACTER DISPLAY PROGRAM 110 NORMAL 120 HOME 130 VTAB PRINT 11 THESE ARE ALL OF THE CHARACTERS" 150 PRINT " AVAILABLE AFTER I NSTALLING THE" 160 PRINT " Ap.LCase lower ca se chip" 170 PRINT : PRINT 200 REM PRINT INVERSE AND FLASH MODES 210 REM PRINT INVERSE CHRS 220 FOR MODE = 1 TO :: FOR I = 64 TO % STEP 32: REM HTA.8..., PRINT TO? "... FOR J :::: I TO I PRINT CHRS (.]); NEXT J PRINT ' NEXT I FLASH REM.. PRINT FLASHING CHRS NEXT MODE 400 NORMAL REM PRINT NORMAL CHRS 410 FOR I = 32 TO 96 STEP PRINT FROM II II TO DEL 420 :: HTAB : : FOR J = I TO I :::: PRINT CHR$ (J); 450 : :: NEXT J 460 :: PRINT 470 :: NEXT I 500 END 2 32: REM

4 CHARACTER CODES The only difference between the Ap.LCase lower case chip and your original Apple is that the last 32 character positions contain the lower case characters instead of redundant symbols. This is best seen by looking at the 256 character map in the Apple 11 reference manual, page 15. The chart below maps the last 32 characters now installed in your Apple II: HEX DEC CHAR. HEX DEC CHAR. $EO 224 $FO 240 p $E1 225 a $F1 241 q $E2 226 b $F2 242 r $E3 227 c $F3 243 s $E4 228 d $F4 244 t $E5 229 e $F5 245 u $E6 230 f $F6 246 v $E7 231 g $F7 247 w $ES 232 h $F8 248 x $E9 233 $F9 249 y $EA 234 j $FA 250 z $EB 235 k $FB 251 { $EC 236 I $FC 252 I $ED 237 m $FD 253 $EE 238 n $FE 254 l $EF $FF 255 (DEL) The Ap.LCase lower case chip still displays all previously available inverse and fl ashing characters. Th is insures that al I software currently avail able and to be developed will still be compatible with your new display. Lower case is not available in INVERSE or FLASH modes. SOFTWARE SUPPORT The Program LcaPatch demonstrates how Lea may be used to obtain true lowercase display with a lowercase adapter. The user should be warned that this fix is only good for Pascal 1.1 and that other patches and modifications to the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) could result in conflicts. If the properly compiled and linked code for LcaPatch is renamed SYS TEM.STARTUP, the Lea patch will be invoked everytime the system is booted. Since no permanent changes are made, th is patch is relatively safe.. PROC LCA ;THIS PROCEDURE MODIFIES PASCAL 1.1 BIOS IN ;MEMORY SO THAT LOWERCASE CHARACTERS CAN BE ;DISPLAYED WITH A LOWERCASE ADAPTER. THIS ;FIX WILL ONLY WORK FOR PASCAL 1.1. ;WRITTEN BY DAVE LIEBERMAN 12-JUN-81 3

5 ADDR1 RAMON RAMCLR.EQU ODAAB.EQU OC083.EQU ocoaa LDA RAMON LDA RAMON LDA #176. STA ADDR1 LDA #02. STA ADDR1+1 LDA #0 STA ADDR LDA RAMCLR RTS ;SELECT 2ND 4K BANK ;WRITE-ENABLE ;SUPPRESS UC CONVERSION ;DISABLE PSEUDO UC ;SELECT 1ST BANK.END Program LcaPatch; Procedure Lea; External; <* Lea must be linked in to LcaPatch *> Begin Lea; Gotoxy <S, S>; Write< Pascal 1. 1 with l owerca-j;e display >; End. The hardware section of the Apple 11 that displays information on the screen is one thing (which you have just upgraded by installing this product). but BASIC and the simple UPPER case only keyboard is another. It is difficult to directly enter the lower case set in either Integer or Applesoft Basic. In Applesoft Basic, the CHR$ command can be used to PRINT the lower case characters; however, this is not sufficient to make programming fun and easy. 4

6 Those users of Ap. LCase who also use Program Line Editor may enter lower case directly by hitting Ctrl S for lower case shift lock; Ctrl A for upper case shift lock. A machine language program called KEYPATCH is provided with the Ap.LCase lower case chip to allow easy entry of the entire 128 character ASCII set. This small binary file is simply run by the greeting program on all disks used for BASIC programming. This is simple and automatic once installed. Follow these steps to create and install KEYPATCH. All UPPER case lines are to be typed by you. The symbols ] and >0< refer to the Applesoft and Monitor prompts and are not to be typed. Integer Basic users please substitute> for]. 1. Turn system on and get into BASIC if not already there. 2. ] CALL to enter the monitor. 3. ll( 9001 :9B llc 3D3G 4. ] CALL to enter the monitor again. 5. Enter the KEYPATCH code. *9 coo: A F2 03 A9 9C 8D *9C08: F F FB A9 28 SS *9C10: 38 A9 9C A9 9B 8D *9C18: 01 9D 4C A9 28 BS *9C20: 38 A9 9C C BF 90 *9C28: SE 06 9C OS 4S EO 00 DO *9C30: 03 SE D4 9C BA BD *9C38: C9 77 DO 11 BD C9 *9C40: FD DO OA A9 B *9C48: A9 9C 9D OS AE D6 *9CSO: 9C BD D7 9C A4 24 A9 DF *9CS8: A AS re E6 *9 C60: 4E DO OF E6 4F B1 28 CD *9C68: 57 9C DO EA AD 07 9C 4C *9C70: 58 9C AD D? 9C 2C 00 co *9C78: 10 EO AD 00 co 2C *9C80: 10 co C9 81 DO OD AD D4 *9CS8: 9C 49 FF 8D D4 9C B1 28 *9C90: 4C 51 9C 2C D4 9C 10 1D *9C98: BC D5 9C AO OA CAO: D9 co 9C DO F8 B9 CA 9C * 9CA8: AC D5 9C C9 DB BO 06 C9 ll9cbo: Ct C9 * 9 C B8 : 95 DO oz B1 28 4C 84 FD ll9cco: BC BE AF AD AB A9 Al DE *9CCS: A7 A3 DB DD DC DF FB FD 119 coo: FC FE EO FF * 9COA: EA EA EA <For old monitor> NOTE: Enter the last line above only if you do not have an Autostart ROM. 5

7 6. Double check entered code: JK9C00.9CD7. 7. Confirm correct entry of code. 8. Save the section of memory as a binary file: JKBSAVE KEYPATCH,A$9COO,L$D8 9. Create a hello program or greeting program that executes this as its last line: 200 PRINT CHR$(4) "BRUN KEYPATCH" This must be the last line to execute because KEYPATCH reinitializes BASIC. KEYPATCHFEATURES Your cursor is now a flashing underline. To toggle between UPPER and lower case mode, type CTR L - A. The cursor, the toggle character and the rate that the cursor flashes can all be changed to suit your personal tastes. Toggle: CTR L - A, Location $9C83 Cursor: Underline, Location $9C57 Rate : 2/sec, Location $9C5B Change these locations to whatever code you desire. UPPER case mode: Keyboard reacts as usual. All cursor editing features remain intact. Lower case mode: All letters typed will be lower case. In addition, these symbols are now available: to get [ l {} I \ (DEL) Type this < -- Shift, > -- Shift. ( -- Shift 8 ) -- Shift 9! -- Shift 1 I ' -- Shift 7 A -- Shift N $ -- Shift 3 KEYPATCH always returns to UPPER case mode after each return or cancellation of a line (CTR L - X). Note: INfa/0 will disable KEYPATCH. Hit RESET to reconnect. KEY PATCH is compatible with DOS 3.2, DOS 3.3, Applesoft and Integer Basic. 48K machines only. 6

8 APPLE-WRITER MODIFICATIONS If you have Apple-Writer, you know that no provision is provided as part of the program or configuration, for a lower case display. Here is a patch for Apple-Writer to utilize a lower case display. 1. Make a copy of the original Apple-Writer disk. 2. ] CALL -151 to enter the monitor. 3. Type AE4.AE7 4. If anything other than OAE-A is displayed, stop. This patch will not work. 5. Enter the modifications: >JKAE4 : EA >JK1825:A4 24 8D C OF C OD 29 BF C9 AO ir:1836: C 3F AD UNLOCK TEDITOR 7. BSAVE TEDITOR,A$803,L$ LOCK TEDITOR The above information is courtesy of CALL - A.P.P.L.E. JAN, 1981 letter sent in by Dan Paymar. For details about custom character sets, or any problems call or write: PAUL BROWN 5455 Conrad Avenue San Diego, CA

9 DISCLAIMER This manual and the accompanying i.e. chip are available only to members of Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange. Every effort has been made to provide error free programs and documentation. Inevitably some may remain. A.P.P.L.E. denies any responsibility for loss or damage of programs or equipment, direct or indirect, even if A.P.P.L.E. has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 8

10 Apple PugetSound Program Library Exchange 304 Main Ave. S. Suite 300 Renton, Washington (206)