INTRODUCTION and TOOLS TUTORIAL

Transcription

1 Adobe Photoshop cs2 INTRODUCTION and TOOLS TUTORIAL OBJECTIVE - This tutorial is designed to introduce you to some of the frequently used tools and actions in Photoshop. All samples used will be found in either the Samples Folder or the Stock Art Folder. Both are located in the Photoshop CS2 Folder. The tutorial will cover the following topics. Background Eraser...15 Blur Tool...16 Brush Tool...3 Burn Tool...17 Canvas Size...7 Clone Stamp...9 Color Picker...4 Color Selection...4 Color Window...4 Crop Tool...20 Custom Shapes...19 Dodge Tool...17 Elliptical Marquee...8 Eraser...15 Eyedropper...4 File Types...11 Gradient Hand Tool... 5 Healing Brush... 9 History Palette Image Size... 7 Lasso Tools... 8 Magic Eraser Magic Wand... 4 Magnetic Lasso... 8 Move Tool Navigator Window... 5 Paint Bucket Paintbrush Tool... 3 Patch Tool... 9 Pen Tool Pencil Tool... 6 Polygonal Lasso... 8 Rectangular Marquee... 8 Red Eye Tool... 9 Resolution... 7 Selection Tools... 8 Sharpen Tool Shortcut Keys Smudge Tool Sponge Tool Spot Healing Brush... 9 Swatches... 4 Tolerance... 4 Toolbar... 2 Type Tool Type Effects Zoom Tool To open Photoshop on the PCs, click START, PROGRAMS, ADOBE, PHOTOSHOP CS, ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS2. To open Photoshop on the Macs, click LAUNCHER, MUTLIMEDIA TAB, ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS. To open the Samples or Stock Art Folder on the PCs, go to the C drive, Program Files, Adobe, Photoshop CS2 and the folder. To open the Samples of Stock Art folder on the Mac, go to the Hard Drive, Applications, Photoshop CS2 and the folder. 2. The TOOLBAR will be visible when the program opens. Navigator, Color, History and Layers palettes may also appear on the right side of the screen. (The number of windows appearing on the screen is determined by the last person using the program. On our image, we display the above four windows since they are used frequently.) Note Any tool displaying a Black Triangle in the lower right corner has other tools hidden behind it. To show all the tools under one icon, hold down the left mouse button (PC) or mouse (Mac). Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 1 of 8

2 3. PAINTBRUSH TOOL Go to File, Open and follow the pathname above to the Samples Folder. Exercise Open CMYK balloons. First, select the paintbrush tool from the second column (fourth icon down) of the toolbar. Note the paintbrush options toolbar which now appears directly above the screen. Choose a soft brush (one with blurred edged) with a pixel width of 13 or 17. Leave the opacity at 100% and paint a few strokes then reduce the opacity to 50% and paint additional strokes. There won t be any shadows of highlights in the area you paint everything will be the same color. You will be painting with BLACK, the default color, as indicated by the top of the two squares located on the toolbar. 4. COLOR SELECTION - There are numerous ways to select color the Color Window, Swatches Palette, Color Picker and Magic Wand. (Keep the balloon image open). Use the Color Picker. Go to the toolbar and double click on the two colored squares known as Foreground and Background Color. The Color Picker window will open. The currently selected color appears in the top of the two squares (foreground color) showing in the Toolbox. Use the vertical rainbow slider to move to the desired color family, and then use the white circle in the large colored square to pick the specific color. Click OK. Note Color Picker allows the greatest number of methods to select color. You can also enter the Hexadecimal code for a color as well as the RGB and CMYK components, if you know them and are trying to obtain a specific color. OR from the Color Window-- Run the cursor over the rainbow color strip at the bottom of the color window displayed on the right side of the screen. Notice the cursor becomes an eyedropper. Click the eyedropper anywhere on the color strip or on any swatch and the foreground color changes to the selected color. OR click on the Swatches Tab on the color palette and run the cursor over the swatches. OR select the Magic Wand (2 nd icon in second column). When the Magic Wand is selected, the Option Bar above shows a tolerance (probably 32). This means whatever pixel you know click on Photoshop will recognize and also select pixels 32 shades lighter AND 32 shades darker. If you want only one shade selected, lower the Tolerance number to zero. With a new color selected, try painting again on the image. OR the Eyedropper Tool (10 th icon in the right column). Use the Eyedropper to click on any pixel. The Foreground Color will change to match the shade. This is very useful when trying to make an exact color match. 5. NAVIGATOR WINDOW and HAND TOOL Enlarge the image so the individual pixels will be easier to see. To do this use, the Navigator palette. (If the Navigator is not displayed on the right hand side, go to the overhead menu, select Window and check Navigator.) In the Navigator window, a red frame surrounds the entire image. The balloon image displays at 100% - not all images do, especially if an image is very large. Drag the slider at the bottom of the navigator window up to 600% until the individual pixels of the balloons are obvious. (Back in the Navigator window, note the red picture frame is now smaller.) Move the cursor, which is now a white glove and reposition the image so the sky disappears and a large section of the large pink balloon fills your screen. You will see the individual pixels or square that comprise the image. HAND TOOL can be used to reposition an image within the Navigaot Window. Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 2 of 8

3 6. PENCIL TOOL Using the pencil tool, change the color of some of the pixels in the image or trying putting your initials on the balloon. By default, the pencil has a default point of one pixel. Click on some pixels. The pencil changes the pixels one by one when clicked. Now hold down the mouse and drag the pencil. Use the Navigator window to return the image to 100%. You should be able to see the changes you made even when the image is small. 7. IMAGE SIZE, CANVAS SIZE, and RESOLUTION - What does this mean? CANVAS SIZE - Click IMAGE on the Menu Bar and select CANVAS SIZE. If the monitor is not large enough to show the entire graphic, the image will display at a smaller size, such as 66%. Click OK and close this box. IMAGE SIZE Click IMAGE on the Menu Bar and select IMAGE SIZE. The balloon graphic, shown at 100%, measures 1.3 x 2 inches. Under Image Size are three designations Pixel Dimensions, Print Size, and Resolution. (see box below) for an explanation of terms) Image Size An image 640 pixels wide and 480 long means the image has 640 colored dots (pixels) in every row and 480 colored dots or pixels in every column. These dots can be spaced close together or far apart. Print Size This is the actual measurement the picture will be when it comes out of the printer usually shown in inches. Resolution is the number of pixels (colored dots) per inch. The dots can be close together or spread out. The closer the pixels are, the greater the resolution. Higher resolution usually gives a better quality picture when printed. Note Image Size (pixel dimensions) divided by image size equals resolution. 8. USING THE SELECTION TOOLS (Marquees, Lassos, Magic Wand, etc) There are numerous selection tools each with a specific purpose. Selection is always a first step once an item or area is selected, you will do something to or with that selection like moving, changing color, changing transparency, adjusting lighting, etc. Each selection listed below has a suggested image on which to try the selection method described. Elliptical Marquee Exercise - Open Bear.jpg found in the Samples Menu. Select the elliptical Marquee Tool, and then try to select just the bear s head. There are several ways to do this. Position the cursor to the upper left of the bear s head then drag down and to the right until you are below the bear s head. You will see a circle or ellipse opening up. Stretch it to the right or down until you are satisfied with the selection. Let go of the mouse. You will see the selection known as Marching Ants. If you need to delete the selection and try again, use the Shortcut, CTRL-D to quickly deselect it and remove the Marching Ants. Selections can also be turned off by pulling down the Select Menu and choosing Deselect. Tip - To gain more control over the selection, start to use the selection tool and then hold down the spacebar. This will allow you to reposition the selection oval. Tip - Holding down the ALT key while dragging the elliptical marquee will produce a perfect circle but be sure to let go of the mouse before the Alt key when you are finished. Select the bear s head again by starting on the bear s nose and holding down the Alt key. Rectangular Marquee The same rules apply to the rectangular marquee holding Shift down while using the rectangular marquee produces a perfect square, etc. To deselect or remove the marching ants, SELECT, DESELECT. Lasso Tool looks like a regular lasso and requires a steady hand to control. If you are not concerned with selecting an exact area or border (such as the outline of a person on a person s face) this tool will work. Exercise Open Peppers.jpg in the Samples Folder and use the Lasso Tool to select any vegetable. Tip When using any of the lasso tools, you must close your selection by starting and ending on the same pixel. This can be hard to do but if you look closely you will see a small circle by the tool when you first click to start your selection and the circle will reappear when you end your selection. Tip If it seems the lasso is out of control and the line is all over the screen, hit ESCAPE and start again. Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 3 of 8

4 Polygonal Lasso Tool gives more control than the lasso tool. Exercise Still in peppers.jpg, click around the curved edge of a vegetable to select it. Remember to look for the small circle as you approach your starting point. Marching Ants will appear when the selection is complete. Use the shortcut, Control D, to deselect. Magnetic Lasso Tool works best when the selection is against contrasting colors. As you draw around the object, the cursor clings or shrink wraps to the object. Click on the edge of the object if the tool is not getting close enough. Exercise select another vegetable and use the Magnetic Lasso Tool to make the selection. Marching Ants will appear when the selection is complete. Control - D to deselect. Selecting by Non -Contiguous Color Open 6552 (Push Pins) in the Stock Art Folder. Select the Magic Wand Tool. Keep the Tolerance in Options set to 20. Click on one of the green or blue pins. Be sure Non-Contiguous in selected on the Options Bar. If all of the pins of that color are not selected. Hold down the Shift Key and click again on an unselected area of the pins. Continue to do this until all the push pins of one color are selected. Tip if you suddenly find other unwanted areas are selected, deselect, lower the Tolerance number, then try again. 9. REPAIR TOOLS -- CLONE, SPOT HEALING BRUSH, HEALING BRUSH, PATCH, RED EYE This group is really versatile! Photoshop now has a variety of tools designated for repairing and fixing but each one has a specific strength. The Clone Tool is the 5 th icon down in the left column of the toolbar; the Healing Brush, Spot Healing Brush, the Patch Tool, and the Red Eye Tools are all located on the fourth icon position on the left of the Toolbar. The Clone Tool was the original correction tool in Photoshop. It makes an exact copy of something pixel by pixel. It can be used to add something to a picture, paint over or remove someone or something in a picture, and fix problem areas. Exercise Open the image Single Flower (6881) located in the Stock Art Folder. Add some other flowers to the picture. To start, position the cursor at a spot from which you will begin copying, such as the top center of the flower. While holding down the ALT key, click the left mouse button once (Mac users- mouse button) and then let go with both hands. Move the cursor to a spot on your screen where you wish to begin copying. Hold down the mouse and draw another flower. Note there is a crosshair to indicate the exact pixels you are copying. When you begin to get outside the object from which you want to copy, Alt Click to define a new starting point. Add several flowers in the tan area at the bottom of the image. Close the flower image. Exercise Open the Image Peppers.jpg in the Samples Folder. Try the following correction tools to remove those spots. Healing Brush similar to the Clone Tool but matches transparency, shading, texture, and lighting of the sampled pixels. Choose a source to use for the repair pixels in the current image or Patterns. Select Aligned if you want to sample pixels continuously; deselect Aligned to continue using the same pixels each time you start and stop. Spot Healing Brush removes small imperfections or spots. Samples lighting, texture, etc. like the Healing Brush. But does not require you to sample pixels first. It makes the correction automatically. Patch Tool Repairs a selected area with pixels from another area or pattern. Uses the same principle as the Healing and Spot Healing Brushes. Circle the problem area using the Patch Tool, place the tool inside the selection and drag the area over an unblemished area. Note be sure Source is selected in the Options Bar above. Switch to the Healing Brush tool and try to correct another blemished area by holding down ALT and clicking on a perfect area near the blemish. Then paint short strokes from the perfect area over the blemished area. Red Eye Tool Select the Red Eye Tool then click in the red eye on the photo needing correction. If the results are not satisfactory, Undo the correction, change the Pupil Size and Darken Pupil settings and try again. Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 4 of 8

5 10. HISTORY PALETTE This tool allows you to revert to a previous step in your work as well as view the last 20 steps you did to your image. Unlike Edit, Undo (Control Z) which erases the last command, the History Palette allows you to unzip actions one by one so if you have performed a number of steps and then your hand or the mouse slips, you can undo the steps without starting over! If the History Palette is not showing, pull down Window and check History. To undo multiple commands, simply click on the desired state in the history list or position your cursor on the zipper foot at the bottom of the list and drag upwards. The default setting for the number of stages in the history list is 20. It is possible to change the number of states by going to Edit, Preference, however this may reduce the speed of the program. 11. FILE TYPES Note the differences between file extensions on graphic files when using Photoshop. jpg (jpeg) Preserves the wide range of color and brightness variations of continuous-tone images such as photographs. Jpegs files are compressed when saved. gif compresses solid-color images and images with blocks of similar color such as logos, line art, and type. psd the Photoshop extension is a non-loss compression which preserves all pixels. tif Tagged Image File Format -- a scanner extension read by both PC and Mac platforms raw Files from a digital camera that are saved in their original state and before the camera makes automatic adjustment. Camera must be set to save in this way. Photoshop can open and edit a camera raw image but can not save in that format. Raw format supports CMYK, RGB and grayscale but not layers. 12. SHORTCUT KEYS As you begin to use the program you will discover how helpful it is to know some common keyboard shortcuts just for the time they will save. Each tool has a shortcut letter, many of them the same letter as the tool for easy memory. Control D Deselect Control A Select All File Revert M Rectangular and Elliptical Marquee L Lasso Tools C Crop Tool J Patch and Healing Brush Tools S Clone Stamp E Eraser Tools R Blur, Sharpen, Smudge Tools B Brush Tools V Move Tool W Magic Wand G Gradient and Paint Bucket T Text Tool O Dodge, Burn and Sponge Tools U Custom Shapes etc Z Zoom Tool I Eyedropper, Color Sample and Measure Tool H Hand Tool P Pen Tool 13. TYPE TOOL Placing type in Photoshop is a bit different. Type actually appears as a Layer, which will be treated later in a different article. When selecting the Type Tool, you have four choices of type and how to position it. The Options Menu above also offers font type, point and color choices. When you click on the image with your cursor, an I-bar appears just as in word processing programs. As soon as you begin to type, a new Type Layer appears on the Layers palette. Note as soon as you click off the layer, the name of the type layer changes to match the words you just typed. If the words you typed are not in the right location, just switch to the Move Tool and reposition them with your cursor. (Make sure the Type Layer you are working on is blue.) If your type needs to be edited, just select the layer and reselect the Type Tool., highlight text and make any changes needed. Adding Type Effects Many interesting effects like, bevel, emboss, drop shadow, inner glow, etc. can be added to type. The menu for this is not always evident. Whenever you see a small circle with a black right-facing triangle on a menu or window, be aware there are many attributes and choices waiting to be discovered. The circle with the triangle is usually located just below the red closing X at the upper right of the window. Make sure you cursor is on the Type layer, then click the circle to bring up another menu. Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 5 of 8

6 About half way down the menu will be Blending Options. Click on Blending Options and the Layer Style menu will open. Note all the styles available listed down the left hand side. Try checking the Drop Shadow box, then BE SURE to CLICK ON THE WORDS DROP SHADOW to the right of the box. Clicking on the words brings up yet another menu which will allow you to determine the distance the dark shadow will be from the type, the color of the shadow, the size of the shadow etc. You can add multiple styles just be sure to check not only the box but to click on the word to bring up additional menus. It is best to keep separate type layers until you are ready to flatten the image since it is much easier to edit the type layers or delete them. If an image is flattened, it would be necessary to use the Clone or another tool to repair the area. Exercise Open the image ducky.jpg and add two separate lines of type. Add a Drop Shadow to one line of text and an Outer Glow to another. Make them separate layers so they can be moved independently. 14. THE GRADIENT AND PAINT BUCKET The GRADIENT TOOL creates a gradual change between colors. There are a number of preset gradients or you can choose your own. The cursor is a crosshair with a starting point and ending point and the color change is applied in the direction you drag the cursor. So if you start at the middle of your image and drag to the lower right corner, only that portion of the image will be affected. There are five types or designs of gradients which can be selected from the Options Bar Linear, Radial, Angle, Reflected and Diamond. Exercise Open Whale.jpg from the Stock Art Folder. Select the Gradient Tool. Then select the second icon on the Options Bar (it s under the word Image on the Menu Bar) click the drop down menu and select the second color square which may indicate orange in the upper left and a gray and white checkerboard in the bottom right. (It should also say Foreground to Transparent if you allow your mouse to hover.) Position your cursor over the upper left of the picture and drag to the lower right. You should have an orange tint over the left side of the picture buy the right sign should not be affected. Areas in the center show a gradual change in color (thus the term gradient.) The PAINT BUCKET is used to fill selected area with the color you choose. Use any selection tool to choose an area or an entire layer, select a Foreground Color, and click in the selection to fill with color. You can also fill an area with a pattern by choosing pattern from the Foreground Menu. (same place the gradient samples are located when the Gradient Tool is selected.) 15. THE ERASER TOOLS -- there are three eraser tools Eraser, Magic Eraser and Background Eraser. Exercise Try each of these tools using the image Window (6793) in the Stock Art Folder. Using each Tool, erase the yellow/ tan wall around the window. ERASER TOOL Select the Tool and set the Brush Options. Keep the Opacity and Flow at 100%. The Eraser Tool will erase to the Background Color if you are working on a Background or in a layer with the Transparency locked. Use File, Revert to restore the picture for the next tool.. MAGIC ERASER TOOL Note this one has a Tolerance Number which is set to 32. (We met the term Tolerance before it refers to the number of color shades lighter and darker than the one on which you click). Click anywhere on the building wall and the color will be removed showing the gray and white checkerboard of transparency. Additional clicks will probably be needed to remove all the beige pixels including the narrow strip between the shutter and windows. When working in narrow areas like this, try to click the little symbol on the erase right the area to be removed. Use, File, Revert to restore the picture for the next tool. BACKGROUND ERASER The Background Eraser has a little scissors symbol next to it. This tool erases pixels while you drag while keeping the edges of an object in the foreground. Change the tolerance and other settings in the Options Bar to control the amount of transparency and edges of the objects. Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 6 of 8

7 16. BLUR, SHARPEN and SMUDGE TOOLS These tools work just as their names suggest. The BLUR TOOL softens the hard edges or areas in an image resulting in reduced detail. Choose the tool, then a brush tip, then select a blending mode, strength and the layers. The SHARPEN TOOL sharpens soft edges to improve clarity. The SMUDGE TOOL resembles Finger Painting. Just drag the tool (which resembles a finger) over the image to smudge the pixels. Exercise use the sunflower.jpg image from the Samples folder and smudge the end of the flower petals. 17. DODGE, BURN and SPONGE TOOLS These tools do exactly what their names suggest and get their names from photographer s terminology. The SPONGE TOOL changed the saturation (intensity of color) of a portion of an image. Choose a brush size and choose either saturate or desaturate on the Options Bar. Exercise Reopen Window (6793) in the Stock Art Folder. Set the mode in the Options Bar to Saturate and the Brush Size to 20. With the Sponge Tool, drag back and forth over a red geranium until you the flower become brighter. Next try a purple geranium and then some leaves. Varying intensities of color in a picture make the picture more interesting. The DODGE TOOL lightens the area over which it is drawn. The BURN TOOL darkens the area over which it is drawn. 18. ZOOM TOOL (resembles a magnifying glass) and is used to increase or decrease the size of the picture. Click the Zoom Tool on the portion of the Window image used in the last exercise. Each click increases the size to a maximum of 1600%. To decrease the size, Holt down ALT and click or click the icon in the Options Bar with the minus sign (-). Dragging on a section will also increases the size To return the image to original size, double click the Zoom Tool on the Toolbar. Automatic Window Resizing If the box is checked for Resize Windows to Fit in the Options Bar, the window will readjust to accommodate the picture when zooming in or out. If the box is not checked, the window will remain constant regardless of the magnification size of the image. 19. PEN TOOL and CUSTOM SHAPE TOOLS These two groups of tools work with vector graphics and consist of lines and curves called vectors which are mathematical rather than bit-mapped. They are resolution independent and can be scaled to any size without losing quality. The Pen Tool is using for drawing irregular shapes, lines and curves and marked by Anchor Points. Shapes can be changed by dragging the Anchor Points. These tools are very versatile but take practice. They are used extensively in Adobe Illustrator. Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 7 of 8

8 20. CROP TOOL removes unwanted parts of an image. This can be done using either the Crop Tool going to the Image Menu and selecting Crop. Exercise - open bottles.jpg Select the Crop Tool. Drag over the one or several of the bottles you wish to keep. Don t worry f you don t get the exact area you can still adjust the image Adjust the selection by placing the pointer inside the box and dragging. OR by dragging any of the selection handles. When you are satisfied with the image, hit Enter OR go to Image, Crop. 21. MOVE TOOL, (first icon in the second column) is used to drag or move a selection or an entire layer to a new location. (Layers will be treated in a different tutorial) Miriam Moore Photoshop Tools Tutorial Page 8 of 8