2) We have to agree with this legal disclaimer before using the software. This step is necessary to ensure that nothing unpleasant occurs.

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Step to Using MC68000 Design Center 1) Execute 68000 Design Center for the first time from the start menu, or by double clicking the executable file, it will be presented with a disclaimer box.

1 Step to Using MC68000 Design Center 1) Execute Design Center for the first time from the start menu, or by double clicking the executable file, it will be presented with a disclaimer box. 2) We have to agree with this legal disclaimer before using the software. This step is necessary to ensure that nothing unpleasant occurs. 3) Click on the MC68000 Design Center shortcut. An open file dialog box will appear, as shown in the screenshot below (figure 4.2) from the open file dialog. Select a S Record file, or a Hex file to load into the emulator s memory. Most available assemblers produce output in S Record format. 4) Select a file and press open to load it into the emulator s memory. Figure 4.2 File dialogue box

5) Following a brief delay, the main window of the 68000 Design Center appears. This is the center of operation for this software as shown in figure 4.3.

2 5) Following a brief delay, the main window of the Design Center appears. This is the center of operation for this software as shown in figure 4.3. This is the whole view of the microprocessor all the data registers, address registers, the stack pointers and the flags are visualized as hexadecimal digits. All values in registers can be changed by clicking on the respective register container and entering a new value. Flags can be turned on or off by clicking on the respective checkboxes. Setting these flags affects the SR register directly and immediately. Figure 4.3 Operation of software Basic Functionality After loaded a valid machine language program into the emulator, the trace, go, reset, and reload buttons will be activated. Reload Button The reload button would probably be the best friend in a program design cycle. Pressing this button, or entering E on the keypad reloads the program from the disk.

3 Thus, after modifying the program, all need to do to update the emulator is to click on the reload button. Trace Button The trace button executes the next instruction pointed to by the program counter. After executing the next instruction, the register views are updated to reflect the change. Of course, the one can always change the register values before and after a trace. This feature enables the one to test the program with different parameters. The keyboard shortcut for the trace button is T. Go Button The go button does exactly what its name implies; it executes the program. The program will continue execution until the microprocessor executes a stop instruction, or until the one click the stop button. When the microprocessor is executing instructions, the trace button is disabled. Reset Button The reset button resets the microprocessor to its initial state. This is equivalent to asserting the reset line of the microprocessor. Pressing the reset button will also cancel execution at any time.

4 Expand Button The expand button is designated by the sign >. It is located in the bottom right of the main window. It s circled on the picture to the left. By clicking on it, the one can show or hide the disassembly view as shown in figure 4.4. The disassembly view shows the address and mnemonic of the previous, current and next instruction. The current instruction is indicated by the > sign. Any invalid instructions are designated with the mnemonic UNKNOWN. This is to facilitate further expansion if necessary Figure 4.4 An expand button In figure 4.5, the current instruction is MOVEA.L #$A0000, A0 and it is at location $ The next instruction to be executed is at $ and the previous instruction is at $002FFE. Figure 4.5 Disassembly view Working with View The Design Center is capable of providing up to approximately 64 different views simultaneously. A view, in this context, is a representation of data and can be used

for representing input and output devices. Views are accessed via the View menu, as shown in figure 4.6. The View Menu organizes the available views into different categories. Figure 4.

5 for representing input and output devices. Views are accessed via the View menu, as shown in figure 4.6. The View Menu organizes the available views into different categories. Figure 4.6 The View Menu Memory Map The Memory Map view displays the memory map at a given address. Enter the address require at edit box in the window and have up to 16 active memory maps at an instance. Disassembly The Disassembly view displays the disassembly at a given address, and 12 subsequent instructions. This view can be used to view disassemblies at different addresses all at once. Up to 16 active disassembly windows are allowed at an instance. As with the Memory Map view, the one can enter the address it wish to start disassembling in the list box. Output Devices

These views are generally used to represent the output including LED bar, LED matrix and 7-segment display as shown in figure 4.7. When the one select an output device in the view menu, it will be prompted for the base address.

6 These views are generally used to represent the output including LED bar, LED matrix and 7-segment display as shown in figure 4.7. When the one select an output device in the view menu, it will be prompted for the base address. This base address corresponds to the address decoding unit of single board computers. Thus, if the one connect the 7 segment display in MC68000 board to the address $C001, the one would enter $C001 in the base address field. Figure 4.7 Output Device Input Device These views are generally used to represent the input device including a dipswitch and 1 keypad active at any time as shown in figure 4.8. When the one select an input device in the view menu, it will also be prompted for the base address. This base address also corresponds to the address decoding unit of single boards. Thus, if the one connect a dip-switch input in MC68000 board to the address $8000, the one would enter $8000 in the base address field.

7 Figure 4.8 Input Devices

Section 1 AVR Studio User Guide

Section 1 AVR Studio User Guide 1.1 Introduction Welcome to AVR Studio from Atmel Corporation. AVR Studio is a Development Tool for the AVR family of microcontrollers. This manual describes the how to