Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols
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1 Corporate Technology Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols A Practical Approach Dr. Thomas Pröll Siemens CERT Copyright Siemens AG All rights reserved.
2 Overview Fuzzing: What is it? Proprietary Protocols Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols Results Page
3 Fuzzing: What is it? Fuzz testing or fuzzing is a software testing technique that provides invalid, unexpected, or random data to the inputs of a program. If the program fails (for example, by crashing or failing built-in code assertions), the defects can be noted. (Source: Fuzz testing or Fuzzing is a Black Box software testing technique, which basically consists in finding implementation bugs using malformed/semi-malformed data injection in an automated fashion. (Source: Page
4 Fuzzing: What is it? Fuzzing is protocol dependant: Encoding (ASCII Binary) Architecture (Stateful Stateless) Specification (Open Proprietary) Complexity Sequence numbers Time stamps Handshakes Checksums Encryption Compression Page
5 Proprietary Protocols Proprietary protocols are used in: Industrial environment (Electricity, Oil&Gas, Transportation, SCADA etc.) Instant messengers (Skype, MSN, QQ etc.) Online games As HTTP payload Page
6 Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols 1 Fuzzing by completely random data with Netcat: cat /dev/urandom nc Pro: Simple Combines flooding and fuzzing Contra: Stateless Most simple input validation will filter it out Very effective baseline check Page
7 Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols 2 Fuzzing by replay with tcpreplay: Capture pure client traffic e.g. with wireshark Insert random errors e.g. with editcap Repair TCP/UDP/IP checksums with editcap Replay the traffic with tcpreplay/flowreplay Pro: Traffic looks much like original traffic Avoids some input validation checks Contra: Sequence numbers (TCP and application specific) Application specific checks (checksums, time stamps etc.) Mostly stateless Page
8 Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols 3 Man-in-the-middle or Inline Fuzzing: Interface 2 Interface 1 Attacker Server Client Capture traffic on interface x Manipulate Replay traffic on interface y Page
9 Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols 3 Inline Fuzzing Pro: Stateful, handshakes work Sequence numbers, time stamps etc. match Protocol stack used without own implementation Inline Fuzzing Contra: Application layer checksums With encryption, only decryption algorithm attacked Page
10 Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols 3 Inline fuzzing caveats: Keep track, which hosts are on which interface Adjust TCP/UDP/IP checksums Ways to influence the manipulation: Where to manipulate (Packet header? Packet Payload?) What to manipulate (Random? String replacement? Overflows?) When to manipulate (Handshake? Payload?) How much to manipulate (50%? 0.01%?) Logging of manipulations Page
11 Fuzzing Proprietary Protocols 3 Available software for Inline Fuzzing: quefuzz (AKA querub) Proxyfuzz Achilles Satellite (commercial) Siemens CERT implementations: tcpdump editcap tcpreplay (slow, only limited ports) tcpbridge addon (C-Code) Page
12 Results Page
13 Used programs JBroFuzz: Netcat: Proxyfuzz: Quefuzz: TCPdump: TCPreplay: Wireshark: Page
14 Contact Dr. Thomas Pröll Siemens AG Corporate Technology Corporate Research and Technologies CT T DE IT1 Otto-Hahn-Ring München, Deutschland thomas.proell@siemens.com Page
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