A Look Inside Today's Embedded RFID. Chris Diorio CTO, Impinj Inc.

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2 A Look Inside Today's Embedded RFID Chris Diorio CTO, Impinj Inc. 2

3 What is Embedded RFID? Definition Incorporating UHF RFID technology into another device for the purposes of configuration, authentication, or enablement Key feature: Unpowered communications Configure an unpowered electronic device Authenticate an unpowered consumable Passively enable a service

4 Configuring an Electronic Device Key applications Locked in transit Theft deterrence/disablement Location-dependent usage policies Configuration/upselling at retail point-of-sale Long-Range Antenna Short-Range Antenna Data Bus

5 Operational Model Today EPC / TID Network knows microprocessor s cryptographic key Reader reads tag s EPC and/or TID and sends to network Network computes token; reader writes token to Monza X Tablet power up, reads/decrypts token, operates per the token

Monza (industry leading) read and write sensitivity 2 greater read range with DCI

6 The Enabler: Monza X I2C interface for µp read/write memory access 400 kbps I2C data rate Wake-on-write I2C interrupt Large user memory Monza X 2k: 2176 bits Monza X 8k: 8192 bits Monza (industry leading) read and write sensitivity 2 greater read range with DCI Identical read and write range with DCI True3D antenna technology QT security and privacy

7 Authenticating Consumables Key applications Verify authenticity Ensure quality control Store information about consumable

8 Operational Model Today EPC / TID, etc Indy reader reads tag information Tag identification (TID, EPC, any data in user memory) Freestyle verifies correct information then operates Proper Monza tag, correct cartridge type, etc. Freestyle bundles data for transfer to network

9 The Enabler: Monza 4 QT Industry-leading performance >3000 tag/min encoding speed 13m single-dipole read range Industry-leading features 128-bit EPC 96-bit total TID 512 bits user memory Impinj QT, FastID, TagFocus True3D antenna technology Dual, independent antenna ports allow redundant antennas for maximum read reliability 90º 180º 0º 270º Both antennas functional Still functions with one antenna damaged

10 Enabling a Service Key applications Convenience Fraud detection/prevention Fraud in diesel filling today is 5% of sales or $1.8Bn annually

11 Operational Model Today EPC / TID, etc Enable pump Speedway reader reads Monza tag information Tag identification (TID, EPC, any data in user memory) Network verifies truck information then enables pump

12 Operational Model Tomorrow EPC, TID, VIN, fuel, odometer, OBD Enable pump Monza X interfaces to truck CAN BUS Tag identification (EPC, TID, any data in user memory) VIN, fuel level, odometer reading, on-board diagnostics Network verifies EPC, TID, VIN, fuel, odometer, enables pump Also checks for vehicle faults

Monza X read range 2 greater than passive operation >25m read and write range

13 The Enabler: Monza X Wired link to truck controlled-areanetwork (CAN) bus Allows network to monitor vehicle, fuel, usage, diagnostics DCI increases Monza X read range 2 greater than passive operation >25m read and write range Passive Read Passive Write 18dBm 14dBm DC-Power Read DC-Power Write 24dBm 24dBm

14 Future of Embedded RFID Embedded RFID has enormous potential today Configure an unpowered electronic device Authenticate an unpowered consumable Passively enable a service The next-generation UHF Gen2 protocol, G2, will make embedded RFID even better Fully backward compatible with UHF Gen

15 G2 Protocol Functionality Gen2 Today Select Inventory Access G2 Enhancements Anticounterfeiting Security File Management Untraceability Loss Prevention Definition Select a population of tags Inventory selected tags; get their EPCs Read/write/lock tag memory; kill the tag Definition Authenticate a tag as genuine Modify tag information securely Create files and assign access privileges Hide tag data to protect consumer privacy Use a tag for EAS In today s UHF Gen2 protocol New in UHF Gen2 V2 protocol = G

G2 for Cryptographic Anticounterfeiting Today s Gen2 RFID TID Future G2 RFID Key Read TID Challenge (RN) Response Reader reads static TID from tag memory Counterfeiter

16 G2 for Cryptographic Anticounterfeiting Today s Gen2 RFID TID Future G2 RFID Key Read TID Challenge (RN) Response Reader reads static TID from tag memory Counterfeiter can clone tag by copying TID Tag computes response from reader s random challenge and tag s secret key Counterfeiter cannot clone tag without knowing secret key

G2 for Cryptographic Security Command Challenge Authenticate

Function Challenges multiple tags simultaneously Performs tag,

with a MAC Encrypts a tag message Updates a tag s stored key

17 G2 for Cryptographic Security Command Challenge Authenticate AuthComm SecureComm KeyUpdate FilePrivilege TagPrivilege Function Challenges multiple tags simultaneously Performs tag, reader, or mutual authentication Authenticates a tag message with a MAC Encrypts a tag message Updates a tag s stored key Alters a reader s privileges to a file Alters a reader s privileges to the tag

18 Device Configuration with G2 New Token EPC / TID Everything we had before plus Tag cryptographically verifies network is genuine Authenticated network can revoke or update a token

19 Consumables Authentication with G2 EPC/TID, challenge, response Everything we had before plus Indy cryptographically challenges tag Tag computes and sends cryptographic response to Indy Freestyle bundles data for later transfer to network Network verifies that tag s cryptographic response matches challenge

Service Enablement with G2 EPC/TID, VIN, OBD, fuel, odometer, challenge, response 10011010111 Enable pump Everything we had before plus Reader

20 Service Enablement with G2 EPC/TID, VIN, OBD, fuel, odometer, challenge, response Enable pump Everything we had before plus Reader cryptographically challenges tag then sends challenge and response to network Network verifies that tag s cryptographic response matches challenge then enables pump

21 G2 Status GS1 EPCglobal has finalized the protocol Passed community review In the final stages of IP review EPCglobal will ratify the protocol in 2013 ISO is standardizing the crypto suites 9 crypto suites submitted to date Present, ECC, AES( 2), Grain, CryptoGPS, XOR, RAMON, ECDSA-ECDH ISO will ratify the first crypto suites in

22 Chris Diorio

UHF RFID Embedded in Electronic Devices. Chris Diorio CTO, Impinj Inc.

UHF RFID Embedded in Electronic Devices Chris Diorio CTO, Impinj Inc. 2 2012 UHF RFID Applications Today Supply-Chain Tracking Asset/Returns Management Retail Inventory Pharmaceuticals Authentication Consumables