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1 A note on the use of these ppt slides: We re making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). They re in PowerPoint form so you can add, modify, and delete slides (including this one) and slide content to suit your needs. They obviously represent a lot of work on our part. In return for use, we only ask the following: If you use these slides (e.g., in a class) in substantially unaltered form, that you mention their source (after all, we d like people to use our book!) If you post any slides in substantially unaltered form on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material. Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR All material copyright J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved!"!#"" "$% "& & '(() 8: Network Security 8-1

2 &" "&"* " " ""+,*&- "" "+ " *&&" "&" & &" 8: Network Security 8-2

3 .% " "/ ' 0&"* ) 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-3

4 % ""/ *& &"4 "&,"-""" """" 4""" "4 * * 5 "" "4 " ""&6"* "7 ""4&+& "4""+""+& 4&+&"" 8: Network Security 8-4

5 ""&8+ &&$ " & 8+&6&4"97,"&- 67&""" & 8+ & & """ " " " 4 8: Network Security 8-5

6 % 8+&+/ : &&&$&* 8+"&"9 % ++";"4*& ""6$&""7 $&+&;"4 "4" "<+&" <&"/ 8: Network Security 8-6

7 +"6&"79 = %,+-/ &9 4" """ 4&" """ " *6"*7""" 6*&7 >,4-+ 4"4""&* & &*"44"4*+ "+"6+4&""7 "&:: 8: Network Security 8-7

8 .% " "/ '0&"* ) 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-8

9 &*! &?" 8+?"! 8 &< & < & &< " "4"& +&$ +& "647 8: Network Security 8-9

10 "+" "+"* &+ "+"&* plaintext: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ciphertext: Plaintext: bob. i love you. alice ciphertext: nkn. s gktc wky. mgsbc = A +""&/ +*6 /7 / 8: Network Security 8-10

11 ! $8! $8 &< "" & <!67 $8 & &<!67 $8 B!6 7 $8 " 8+&" " 6"7! $8 " "+" &+"+" = 8+&4&/ 8: Network Security 8-11

12 @ C "D.E E F 1 2 $+"2)$+&< A &&1 2 $+$$" 6," &"* " """G&&6$@ 7 "$+& 8: Network Security 8-12

13 &.2 &,"-* *& "** ) +"* *& 8: Network Security 8-13

14 6 4'((.7"$ "&@ """.' ++&".'.E''12+" +*67."@ ".)E && "*@ 8: Network Security 8-14

15 0+&! " G"" 4 " " = *"& 6&&*4,-7/ +& &&** D **$ A &&32#3 F "4 "" +& && 4 & 4 8: Network Security 8-15

16 0+&! 8 H! 8 $ 8+?"+& 8+?"4 &< "" & < H!67 8 & &< "" $ H B!6! : Network Security 8-16

17 0+&&" #G" H $ 8 8 $ H!67!67"!6!677B &!"&+ 8 ""+& $ 4! 8 H # #4"&" & 8: Network Security 8-17

18 #"". " &+"G 6.(')+"7 ' BGIB6$.76G$.7 " 6 J7 "*" I6I,&4&-7 ) " "$. "<&4"+&+I 6 " IB & "67 04 "67! 8 H! 8 $ 8: Network Security 8-18

19 ( K 46767"+4. + B 6 "4+7 ' 4+ B 6 "4+7 5 "9 B6 7 8: Network Security 8-19

20 #<& 8+""B1 GB3 B1 IB') B1 6"I &4&7 B'E 6"$. <&4"+&+I & B l B & l 8: Network Security 8-20

21 #% " B B C"*&+"& *G BG 6$.76G$.7 < B< 6$.76G$.7 B 6"+"&+47. B 6" " +4"+&+ 6$.76G$.7.7 B 8: Network Security 8-21

22 # *&& &&+4 "*&& $ H!6!677 B 8 8 "+& *"*&& +4 B H $ 8 8!6!677 "4 *"*&& ++& #"&""9 8: Network Security 8-22

23 .% " "/ ' 0&"* ) 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-23

24 K & 8+ "&,4-0&.( &"",&-,&- &"// 8: Network Security 8-24

25 K & 8+ "&,4-0&.( &"",&-,&- 8+,"- &""& &" "&*+& 8: Network Security 8-25

26 0&'( &"",&-0 "0"" &?" 0"",&- &"// 8: Network Security 8-26

27 0&'( &"",&-0 "0"" &?" 0"",&-,"*- &?""" 8: Network Security 8-27

28 0&( &"",&-"" """,4- &?" 0 &?" "",?&- &?" 0 L! &"// 8: Network Security 8-28

29 0&( &"",&-"" """,4- &?" 0 &?" "" &?" 0 L! &+ "&?" & &"+8+ &?" 0 &?" "",?&-,?&- 8: Network Security 8-29

30 0&. &"",&-"" """,4- &?" 0 "",?&- &?" 0 L! &"// 8: Network Security 8-30

31 0&. &"",&-"" """,4- &?" 0 "" &?" 0 L! &+ "&& "9 &?" 0 "",?&-,?&- 8: Network Security 8-31

32 K & 4&+ +6#7"&M$$&* )( 4&,&4-8+""&#& "# "",&- # &" +"/!6#7 $8 &"&4 &&" "" +&9 8: Network Security 8-32

33 1( )( G""" "+&G"/ 1 ( "+& # $!6#7,&-,"+&- H! 8+" H $!6!6#77B# "&& &44 # " H $! 6!6#77B# 8: Network Security 8-33

34 1("& 5 6 7& """ &68+7"8+6&7 $ H B!6!677 & # $!6#7 +& H!67 H! # " $ H B!6!677 ""& &?"+& & $!6#7 +& H!67 H! 8: Network Security 8-34

35 1("& 5 6 7& """ &68+7"8+6&7 **& 8+4"4&""4 4"6"8+& & &&4"7 +&"4"&&"""" &&9 8: Network Security 8-35

36 .% " "/ ' 0&"* )5 "" 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-36

37 &" G&"$ "" "68+7&&"" "+&"" ; 4*+&*+& 6&7 4"8+&" 6&&7"4" 8: Network Security 8-37

38 &" &&"*"" 8+""+ "4 $ $! 8,"-""! ?"""! 8 $ 0+& & 8+?"4! 8 $ 67 8: Network Security 8-38

39 &"67 "&4""&"! 8 67 &4*""+8++&8+?" +&! 8! 8 67"! 8 6! 8 677B *! 8 6! 8 677B4""4" 8+?"4 &"4*" 8+" &"" 8+"? $ &"! " 8: Network Security 8-39

40 5 """" &&<"4 +&$$ &""" K & *<$&"$ $&,*- &"*A *<"I """A 67 & "" A "*" $$. A A " A 67 "*<$"I" "6*7 4"""< && *"+&*" <BA 67 8: Network Security 8-40

41 "" * """"*"* "*<&"6.2 $+"7*"" "$$ 84"" 4"4&""* "" ""4& "" * I O U B O B 49 4F E D2 42 "" * I O U B O B 49 4F E D2 42 B2 C1 D2 AC **""" +&""9 B2 C1 D2 AC 8: Network Security 8-41

42 &"B"""" 8+""&&" "" & "" H A A " * 8+?" 4! 8 $ A 67 & " 67 "" $! 8 6A 677 &4*"" *&&" "" & "" A A " * A 67 8+?" +&! 8 H G& / "" $! 8 6A 677 & " 67 A 67 8: Network Security 8-42

43 A "&" 5 1 "* &"6#.'.7 ".' $+""")$" "" +.' $+"<"**& "" "5 1 ""G&< A $."&"" C "D 00C 8. ( $.F.2( $+""" 8: Network Security 8-43

44 .% " "/ ' 0&"* ) 1!"+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-44

45 "" +& A " "+&""" 4 / & ""+ 6! 7" + " 0+&+& % &+" 8+?"+&6* +"$& "7 "" "8+?"+&?"/ & "* 67 8: Network Security 8-45

46 !"+6!7 &8+""! "4""**" ""6""7 &8+""! $!! 8$! *!!! 0$!! 8$!!! 0$! $!! N$!! O$!! $!! 8$!! P$! 8: Network Security 8-46

47 !"+6!7 = A "! && 8+&" "" /! " #. & " #. 8+" "#. & &8+"#." """ *"" 8: Network Security 8-47

48 *" 4",**- "*+@ "+& *@?"+&&&"+ M "",""@?"+&- 8+?" * * 8+?" +&! 8 H & " 67 4! $! 8 H ** 8+?"+& "+ 8: Network Security 8-48

49 *" % & "8+?"+& "8+?"*68+&" 7 &?"+&8+?"* 8+?"+&! 8 H & " 67! 8 H 8+?" +& +&!H 8: Network Security 8-49

50 *" &+6G""7 *+* && 4&"&*6" 7 *+ * "" 4&" & "+ "" 8: Network Security 8-50

51 .% " "/ ' 0&"* ) 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-51

52 &&" *&& "&"I?"&*& && """" +&" " +& *&& 8: Network Security 8-52

53 &&"% 4&*"4" O *&"+&""+" 0"""&**,&- " 4&&&*;""*& &"?" "&" && &I""" 6"* "";""7 "** &&" &$&4& $*& 8: Network Security 8-53

54 0& &4 +&& / &/ & 4 * && *&"$+$" * ;+" "0"""0"" 0;C 0""+" 5 0"" 0O!+" 8: Network Security 8-54

55 0 <&.+& " 0&*&B.3 ""B' &&C 0*&"& <&'8&+0""!B( 04"<&&"*0 " &&"+&&" &&"" 8: Network Security 8-55

56 & " &"" &" && "0;0;C <& && "& &""& " "$$ &""" & $$ "&""" *&. #G&&&""& ' I"" ""& ""K &"+ '" #*&+&"&&&" * 8: Network Security 8-56

57 Q"** &&" " 0"*? *,&&-"* &" *&&?" "& " &"* " ""0"" *<% + +" *&"*"&& &*C 0 *** " &&4&* " & """&&"*** " 8: Network Security 8-57

58 .% " "/ ' 0&"* ) 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &" 8: Network Security 8-58

59 "" 5 +*,">-M * "4"& C"ping ""4 """ 0$""+&"0 "G6" "7 6;; ";;7, <&"- ""/ 8: Network Security 8-59

60 "" 5 "" ** &*"""460"""" +""G&&7 8: Network Security 8-60

61 "" 0"** +" "" "&&"""+ &&6"" "7 "**"8?"" src:b dest:a payload 8 ""/ 8: Network Security 8-61

62 "" 0"**"" &&""I"* "&&*"* "" ""*+" +7 src:b dest:a payload 8 8: Network Security 8-62

63 "" 0*,-0"&* &4&0" ""*& 4?&&*"""* "+8 src:b dest:a payload ""/ 8 8: Network Security 8-63

64 "" 0*""*& ""&* " 4&""""6 """?" 7 +""*&+ *&& " src:b dest:a payload 8 8: Network Security 8-64

65 "" &*"46 L 7 *&*&"&"," - 4 "+ L 6 L 7&& """ 4 "O $ SYN ""/ SYN SYN SYN SYN SYN SYN 8 8: Network Security 8-65

66 "" &*"46 L 7"" *& *&"6O 7+* " + + "**&"6"&& "7 SYN SYN SYN SYN SYN SYN SYN 8 8: Network Security 8-66

67 .% " "/ ' 0&"* ) 1! "+* 2 ""&* &&" 3 """ &".& '"" 0" ) ('.. 8: Network Security 8-67

68 $& & ""*&$&8+!.! 67! 67! 67.! 67! H.! 8 67! 8 H H! 8 6! 7 H $ H! 8 6! 7! 8 $! $.! 8 67 & "" 4! """! 6***7 &""! 8+?"+& ""+! 67! 8 6! 78+ 8: Network Security 8-68

69 $& & ""*&$&8+!.! 67! 67! 67.! 67! H.! 8 67! 8 H H! 8 6! 7 H $ H! 8 6! 7! 8 $! $.! """44! ""!! 674 8: Network Security 8-69

70 $&67 &"4" "" A 67! $. $.! 67 $! 6A 677 $! 6A 677 H!. H! 67 A 67 H $. A 67 A 67 &&&"""" R ""+""6&7&" 8: Network Security 8-70

71 $&67 &"4"" "" A 67! $. $.! 67 $! 6A 677 H!.! 67 H.! 8 67! 8 H &""" 48+?"+& &"! H H! 8 6! 7 8: Network Security 8-71

72 0460K07 $& "$*" """ +& " *& """+ 4""" 40&P "*$ *&4" 0K 0""" ---BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE--- Hash: SHA1 Bob:My husband is out of town tonight.passionately yours, Alice ---BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE--- Version: PGP 5.0 Charset: noconv yhhjrhhgjghgg/12epj+lo8ge4vb3mqj hfevzp9t6n7g6m5gw2 ---END PGP SIGNATURE--- 8: Network Security 8-72

73 ""&6Q7 "& "0$ +""Q "4" "+ % + +"""4"* $6"7 ""4" "4 & 6&7 "4 Q$+&+" &"+&"* "" 8"G"" "4* ""+" 8"""?" +&< "4?"+&* * +"?" "" """ 8: Network Security 8-73

74 Q""" 8"" """" " "4?" +&"" "4 C"4"4 """" 8""4 """ &&"0 "6+&"47 """ Q+""*@ "Q 6Q7 Q+"* $% +&" 5 0 & + & *" 8: Network Security 8-74

75 0" Q $&" """ 0 0C 0""S """ $& "" "0 "" &&" 6A 7& 0" "" $& &&&&& & C G&+ "0"" '$+ "&" &6@ 07& 8: Network Security 8-75

76 A 6A 70& 4"" *& A " + 0 *& &*&1. " """" "& A &" * "$ """ "&&4 &0 <*& "*"* 60C A 60C 0"7 8: Network Security 8-76

77 @00& 0& <*&"@ 0 0 *&""&A *& 0&B1( 0;C 8: Network Security 8-77

78 ('.." % $4 48" ('.. "4&+&/ 5 E((( ""+&*+& " 1 T "; $"**4"""9 ('.. *" G4& 07*& ('.. 8: Network Security 8-78

79 07 "&)( "G""*"" """".' + """"" """"" "+" "" 8: Network Security 8-79

80 A ";0")( +"6"$ 7 A ""')$+&I46U 7 2)$+ 2)+""*" " + * B NL # U+" "* 8: Network Security 8-80

81 IV (per frame) K S : 40-bit secret symmetric key plaintext frame data plus CRC key sequence generator ( for given K S, IV) k 1 IV k 2 IV k 3 IV k N IV k N+1 IV k N+1 IV d 1 d 2 d 3 d N CRC 1 CRC header IV WEP-encrypted data plus CRC c 1 c 2 c 3 c N c N+1 c N+4 $"% Figure 7.8-new1: 0 WEP protocol 8: Network Security 8-81

82 8 & ')$+U U *$VU?"4&&" U "&<$VU " ""&&<. ' ) : "" B NL # " " ""G. ' : <U ""9 8: Network Security 8-82

83 ('..4" "6"7*"* ""+& 4""+ """4"* "" 8: Network Security 8-83

84 ('..*""* STA: client station AP: access point wired network AS: Authentication server 1 Discovery of security capabilities 2 STA and AS mutually authenticate, together generate Master Key (MK). AP servers as pass through 3 STA derives Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 3 AS derives same PMK, sends to AP 4 STA, AP use PMK to derive Temporal Key (TK) used for message encryption, integrity 8: Network Security 8-84

85 0$&6+&7 0"4",&"- +&$$06@ 04Q 7 0"46# C 4C 07 wired network EAP over LAN (EAPoL) IEEE EAP TLS EAP RADIUS UDP/IP 8: Network Security 8-85

86 6"7 8"G": 6"+&7 "" "+ :"**""" "& ""6Q7 0" ('.. 8: Network Security 8-86

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