ARM Cortex core microcontrollers 3. Cortex-M0, M4, M7

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1 ARM Cortex core microcontrollers 3. Cortex-M0, M4, M7 Scherer Balázs Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Measurement and Information Systems BME-MIT 2018

2 Trends of 32-bit microcontrollers Flash [kbyte] M0 M0,M0+ M3, M0 M3 M4, M , Pin count BME-MIT

3 ARM Cortex-M cores o M0, M0+: Ultra low power Very simple 85 uw/mhz o M1: design for FPGA o M3: General purpose microcontroller o M4: DSP instructions o M7: more faster than M4, superscalar, cache BME-MIT

4 ARM Cortex-M0 BME-MIT

5 32-bit core, 2 stage pipeline Neumann architecture o Very simple ARMv6-M architecture A Cortex-M0 core o 16-bit Thumb instruction set extended with some Thumb-2 instructions BME-MIT

6 ARM7, Cortex-M3, M0 comparison: bus systems ARM7TDMI Cortex-M3 Cortex-M0 BME-MIT

7 Registers Similar to other ARM Cortex cores o R0 R3: C subroutine parameters o R0 ( R1 ) return values o R4 R11 local register variables o R12 Intra-Procedure-call o R13 Stack Pointer o R14 Link Register o R15 Program Counter BME-MIT

8 Compatible with M3 Memory map BME-MIT

9 Same as M3 Operation modes o Handler and Thread mode BME-MIT

10 Thumb-2 Instruction set o The modernization of the old Thumb instruction set. Reduced number of instructions 56 pieces. Granted execution speed. o The instruction set of Cortex M0 can be used by any other Cortex M core. o 0,9 DMIPS/MHz BME-MIT

11 Cortex-M0 and M3 instruction set comparison BME-MIT

12 Cortex-M0 core performance BME-MIT

13 NVIC, Nested Vector Interrupt Controller Very Similar to the one in Cortex M3 Maximum 32 external vectors Staring Stack pointer at 0x0 4 priority levels BME-MIT

14 Cortex-M0, core level power modes Very low pin count WIC block o Possible to wake-up from deep sleep Sleep o The CPU clock stops, the whole NVIC remains active Deep sleep o Only the WIC remains active, the core and NVIC stops WIC wakes-up the system through the PMU (Power Management Unit) BME-MIT

15 Cotex M0+ Optimized version of Cortex M0 o Pipeline reduced to 2 stage o Micro Trace Buffer possibility (simplified instruction trace) o Optional memory protection unit o Optional vector table relocation o On clock cycle I/O port handling o 13,3 µw/mhz (M0) -> 11,2 µw/mhz (M0+) (32 µw/mhz (M3)) BME-MIT

16 ARM Cortex-M4 BME-MIT

17 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M4 processor o Thumb-2 instruction set o DSP and SIMD instructions o One clock cycle MAC (32 x > 64) o Optional single precision FPU o Code compatible with M3 1,27 / 1,55 / 1,95 DMIPS/MHz Architecture o 3 phase pipeline with branch prediction o 3x AHB-Lite Bus Interface Power safe modes o Deep Sleep Mode, Wakeup IT o Power down options for the FPU NVIC (1-240 IT and priority) Memory Protection Unit Debug & Trace BME-MIT

18 Cortex-M4 instruction set BME-MIT

19 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) Performing the same operations to many variable in one cycle Using compressed 16-bit variables BME-MIT

20 One clock cycle MAC instructions BME-MIT

21 Cortex-M4 instruction set BME-MIT

22 Cortex-M4 FIR filter Using a DSP with assembly code: 1 cycle Cortex-M4 standard C code: 12 cycle Optimized C code: 6 cycle Assembly using SIMD instructions to 16-bit variables: 2-3 cycles Optimized assembly code 1,5-2 cycle Nearly the same performance as a DSP. BME-MIT

23 Cortex-M3, M4 comparison: 16-bit arithmetic BME-MIT

24 Foating point unit IEEE 754 standard based Capabilities: BME-MIT

25 CMSIS DSP library DSP Library support o Basic mathematic operations: vector operations o Trigonometrical operations: sin, cos, sqrt stb. o Interpolation: linear, bilinear o Complex math: Statistics: max, min, RMS etc. Filtering: IIR, FIR, LMS etc. Transformations: FFT Matrix operations PID controller BME-MIT

26 ARM Cortex-M7 BME-MIT

27 ARMv7-M architecture Built-in Floating point unit 6 stage pipeline o superscalar o branch prediction 2,14 3,23 DMIPS/MHz 0 64 kb 2 way instruction cache 0 64kB 4 way data cache 8 or 16 region MPU ECC Error correcting code Lock-step possibility Cortex-M7 BME-MIT

28 M7 instruction set BME-MIT

29 6 stage superscalar pipeline o Two shifter, ALU o One MAC o One floating point pipe M7 pipeline BME-MIT

30 Tightly-coupled memory (TCM) Small latency memory, used for predictable, and realtime critical code. Do not have the unpredictability like the cache. 16 Mbyte both for instruction and data (instruction 64-bit bus, data 2x32-bit bus). BME-MIT

31 Performance of Cortex M7 BME-MIT

32 Comparing to M4 CMSIS library support DSP functionality BME-MIT

33 Microcontrollers on the market BME-MIT

34 NXP lines BME-MIT

35 NXP lines BME-MIT

36 ST lines BME-MIT

37 Curiosity BME-MIT

38 LPC4300 family Cortex-M4 based Digital Signal Controller Cortex-M0 subsystem for peripheral functions max. 1 MByte Flash o Organised into two banks Flash Max. 200 kbyte SRAM High speed USB Features o 10/100 Ethernet MAC o LCD panel controller (max. 1024H 768V) o 2x10-bit ADC and 10-bit DAC at 400 ksps o 8 channel DMA controller o Motor Control PWM, Quadrature Encoder o 4x UARTs, 2x I2C, I2S, CAN 2.0B, 2x SSP/SPI BME-MIT

39 LPC4300 internal architecture BME-MIT

40 Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M0 in one chip Processing and real-time control is separable Individual interrupt capability Sharing data through common memory BME-MIT

41 Cortex-M0 and M4 together in audio aplications Cortex-M0: peripheral tasks: I2S, USB Cortex-M4: signal processing BME-MIT

42 Motor control example Cortex-M4: Motor control Field Oriented Control (FOC) Cortex-M0: CAN communication handling BME-MIT

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