COMPUTER BASICS LECTURER: ATHENA TOUMBOURI
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1 COMPUTER BASICS LECTURER: ATHENA TOUMBOURI
2 WHAT IS A COMPUTER SCIENCE? The definition of computer science is a branch of engineering science that studies the technology and the principles of computers. The study of computer hardware and software is an example of computer science. computer science. The study of computation and computer technology, hardware, and software.
3 WHAT IS A COMPUTER? In simple terms, computer is a machine which can be instructed to accept, process, store and output data.
4 THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER Central Processing Unit (CPU) Motherboard Hard Disc Computer Memory Monitor Keyboard Mouse
5 TYPES OF COMPUTERS Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap: Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and, in general, a higher-quality monitor. Minicomputer:A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously. Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
6 COMPUTER ELEMENTS A computer system consists of two major elements: hardware and software.
7 HARDWARE Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. Computer hardware is the collection of all the parts you can physically touch. Examples: monitor, printer, mouse, speakers, etc..
8 INPUT DEVICES a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance Examples: Keyboard Mouse Pen Touch screen Kinect Sensor Scanner Camera
9 OUTPUT DEVICES An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction. Examples: Computer monitors Sound devices Printers and plotters Data projectors
10 PRIMARY STORAGE Primary storage also goes by the names main storage, main memory or internal memory. Examples of primary storage in your computer are random access memory and read only memory.
11 SECONDARY STORAGE A secondary storage device refers to any volatile storage device that is internal or external to the computer. A secondary storage device is also known as an auxiliary storage device or external storage.
12 SOFTWARE Software commonly known as programs or apps, consists of all the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Practical computer systems divide software systems into two major classes: System software Application software
13 APPLICATION SOFTWARE Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks. It includes word processing, web browsing and almost any other task for which you might install software. Examples:
14 SYSTEM SOFTWARE Helps run the computer hardware and computer system itself. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more. System software is almost always pre-installed on your computer.
15 INPUT PROCESS - OUTPUT
16 SYSTEM UNIT the case that contains all of the main parts of a computer
17 MOTHERBOARD known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems
18 CPU CENTRAL PROCESS UNIT A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
19 HARD DISK Is the main, and usually largest, data storage hardware device in a computer. The operating system, software titles, and most other files are stored in the hard disk drive.
20 RAM & ROM RAM is Random Access Memory. ROM is Read Only Memory. RAM is a type of volatile memory. Data in RAM is not permanently written. When you power off your computer the data stored in RAM is deleted. RAM is used to allow applications to quickly access data they are currently using. ROM is a type of non-volatile memory. Data in ROM is permanently written and is not erased when you power off your computer. ROM can be written to only once, hence the term "read-only." It is used for instructions pre-written by a manufacturer, such as how to boot up the computer.
21 INTERNET A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. Some benefits of the internet are: Faster communication. Abundant information resources. Inexhaustible education. Entertainment for everyone.
22 BASIC COMPUTER QUIZ 1. What is Computer Hardware? 2. What is Computer Software? 3. Can you operate a Computer with out the Computer Software? 4. What are Computer Input devices?
23 BASIC COMPUTER QUIZ (CONT ) 5. What are Computer Output devices? 6. Write the types of computer. 7. Name a couple of Computer Software. 8. Define Internet and its benefits
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