Chapter Contents. Personal Computer Systems Desktop and Portable Computers. Desktop and Portable Computers
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1 Chapter Contents Chapter Computer Hardware Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security Chapter : Computer Hardware Personal Computer Basics SECTION A Personal Computer Systems Desktop and Portable Computers Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems Buying Computer System Components Personal Computer Systems Chapter : Computer Hardware 3 Chapter : Computer Hardware 4 Desktop and Portable Computers Desktop and Portable Computers The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad An ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a small form factor tablet computer designed to run most of the software available for larger portable computers Chapter : Computer Hardware 5 Chapter : Computer Hardware 6 1
2 Desktop and Portable Computers Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications A Media Center PC includes components for integrating computers, televisions, home theaters, and audio systems Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials Chapter : Computer Hardware 7 Chapter : Computer Hardware 8 Buying Computer System Components Browse through computer magazines and online computer stores to get a general idea of features and prices Decide on a budget and stick to it Make a list of the ways you plan to use your computer Select a platform Decide on a form factor Select peripherals, software, and accessories Buying Computer System Components Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading Chapter : Computer Hardware 9 Chapter : Computer Hardware 10 SECTION B Microprocessors and Memory Microprocessor Basics Today s Microprocessors Random Access Memory Read-only Memory EEPROM Microprocessor Basics A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions Most expensive component of a computer Chapter : Computer Hardware 11 Chapter : Computer Hardware 1
3 Microprocessor Basics Front side bus HyperTransport Microprocessor clock Megahertz Gigahertz Word size Cache Level 1 cache (L1) Level cache (L) CISC vs. RISC technology Microprocessor Basics Serial processing Pipelining Parallel processing Multi-core processor Hyper-Threading Technology Chapter : Computer Hardware 13 Chapter : Computer Hardware 14 Today s Microprocessors Random Access Memory Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system Chapter : Computer Hardware 15 Chapter : Computer Hardware 16 Random Access Memory Random Access Memory Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data Most RAM is volatile Requires electrical power to hold data RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes Personal computers typically feature between 56MB and GB of RAM An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM Chapter : Computer Hardware 17 Chapter : Computer Hardware 18 3
4 Random Access Memory Read-Only Memory RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds or megahertz SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive DDR or DDR RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer s startup routine Permanent and non-volatile The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM Chapter : Computer Hardware 19 Chapter : Computer Hardware 0 EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read- Only Memory More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM Requires no power to hold data Storage Devices Storage Basics Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology CD and DVD Technology Solid State Storage Storage Wrap-up SECTION C Chapter : Computer Hardware 1 Chapter : Computer Hardware Storage Basics A storage medium contains data A storage device records and retrieves data from a storage medium Data gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed Processed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage medium Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface Chapter : Computer Hardware 3 Chapter : Computer Hardware 4 4
5 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Hard disk platters and readwrite heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology A controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data SATA Ultra ATA EIDE SCSI Not as durable as many other storage technologies Head crash Chapter : Computer Hardware 5 Chapter : Computer Hardware 6 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective casing A tape drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a long stream of recordable media similar to the tapes used in audio cassettes A tape is a sequential storage medium CD and DVD Technology Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface CD and DVD storage technologies Chapter : Computer Hardware 7 Chapter : Computer Hardware 8 CD and DVD Technology CD and DVD Technology Today s DVD drives typically have 16X speeds for a data transfer rate of Mbps Three categories of optical technologies Read-only (ROM) Recordable (R) Rewritable (RW) CD-DA DVD-Video CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-R DVD+R or DVD-R CD-RW DVD+RW or DVD-RW Chapter : Computer Hardware 9 Chapter : Computer Hardware 30 5
6 CD and DVD Technology Solid State Storage Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry Non-volatile Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage Chapter : Computer Hardware 31 Chapter : Computer Hardware 3 Solid State Storage Storage Wrap-up A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer s USB port using a built-in connector A U3 drive is a special type of USB flash drive that is preconfigured to autoplay when it is inserted into a computer Most desktop computers have several drive bays, some accessible from outside the case, and others designed for hard disk drives without any external access. Empty drive bays are typically hidden from view with a face plate. Chapter : Computer Hardware 33 Chapter : Computer Hardware 34 Storage Wrap-up Input and Output Devices Basic Input Devices Display Devices Printers Installing Peripheral Devices SECTION D Chapter : Computer Hardware 35 Chapter : Computer Hardware 36 6
7 Basic Input Devices Display Devices Keyboard Pointing device Pointing stick Trackpad Trackball Joystick Touchsensitive screen Chapter : Computer Hardware 37 A CRT display device uses a bulky glass tube An LCD manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen Chapter : Computer Hardware 38 Display Devices Display Devices Viewable image size Dot pitch Viewing angle width Refresh rate Color depth Resolution VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, and WUXGA Chapter : Computer Hardware 39 Chapter : Computer Hardware 40 Display Devices Printers Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen Integrated graphics Graphics card Graphics processing unit (GPU) An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper A laser printer works like a photocopier Chapter : Computer Hardware 41 Chapter : Computer Hardware 4 7
8 Printers Printers Laser printers are a popular technology when high-volume output or good-quality printouts are required. Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires The wires strike a ribbon and the paper Chapter : Computer Hardware 43 Chapter : Computer Hardware 44 Printers Printer features Resolution Print speed Duty cycle Operating costs Duplex capability Memory Networkability Installing Peripheral Devices Many new devices can be connected to an external USB port The data bus moves data within the computer Expansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities Expansion slot ISA PCI AGP PC slot PC card Chapter : Computer Hardware 45 Chapter : Computer Hardware 46 Installing Peripheral Devices Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion card simply slides into an expansion slot and is secured with a small screw. Before you open the case, make sure you unplug the computer and ground yourself that s technical jargon for releasing static electricity by using a special grounding wristband or by touching both hands to a metal object. An expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver Chapter : Computer Hardware 47 Chapter : Computer Hardware 48 8
9 Installing Peripheral Devices Hardware Security Anti-theft Devices Surge Protection and Battery Backup Basic Maintenance Troubleshooting and Repair SECTION E Chapter : Computer Hardware 49 Chapter : Computer Hardware 50 Anti-Theft Devices Surge Protection and Battery Backup A power surge is a sudden increase or spike in electrical energy, affecting the current that flows to electrical outlets A surge strip is a device that contains electrical outlets protected by circuitry that blocks surges and spikes A UPS is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outage Chapter : Computer Hardware 51 Chapter : Computer Hardware 5 Surge Protection and Battery Backup Basic Maintenance Computer component failures can be caused by manufacturing defects and other circumstances beyond your control Keep the keyboard clean Clean your computer screen on a regular basis Keep the area clean around your computer Make sure fans are free of dust Chapter : Computer Hardware 53 Chapter : Computer Hardware 54 9
10 Basic Maintenance Troubleshooting and Repair Carefully use a Q-tip and a can of compressed air or a vacuum cleaner to remove dust and debris from your keyboard. Some liquids are difficult to remove. That can of pop? Better to keep it away from your keyboard. There are several telltale signs that your computer is in trouble Failure to power up Loud beep Blue screen of death Windows Help and Support Safe Mode Chapter : Computer Hardware 55 Chapter : Computer Hardware 56 Troubleshooting and Repair Chapter Complete Computer Hardware Chapter : Computer Hardware 57 10
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