CS101 Lecture 25: The Machinery of Computation: Computer Architecture. John Magee 29 July 2013 Some material copyright Jones and Bartlett
|
|
- Myra Hall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CS101 Lecture 25: The Machinery of Computation: Computer Architecture John Magee 29 July 2013 Some material copyright Jones and Bartlett 1 Overview/Questions What did we do last time? Can we relate this circuit stuff to something we know something about? How can we combine these elements to do more complicated tasks? 2 1
2 What did we talk about last time? Circuits control the flow of electricity. Gates are simple logical systems. By combining several gates, we create logic-computing circuits. Logic-computing circuits can do binary number addition. 3 Integrated Circuits Integrated circuit (also called a chip) A piece of silicon on which multiple (many) gates have been embedded. Silicon pieces are mounted on a plastic or ceramic package with pins along the edges that can be soldered onto circuit boards or inserted into appropriate sockets 4 2
3 Integrated Circuits 5 Central Processor Units The most important integrated circuit in any computer is the Central Processing Unit, or CPU. The Intel Duo Core 2 processor has more than 1.9 billion (1.9 * 10 9 ) gate transistors on one chip. The CPU combines many gates, to enable a small number of instructions. Examples: Add/subtract 2 binary inputs Load a value from memory Store a value into memory 6 3
4 Recall Binary Number Addition Adding two 1-bit numbers together produces A sum bit A carry bit 7 Recall: The Full Adder The full adder takes 3 inputs: A, B, and a carry-in value Figure 4.10 A full adder 8 4
5 Here is the Full Adder, with its internal details hidden (an abstraction). The Full Adder What matters now are: inputs are A, B, and CI. outputs are S and CO 9 An 8-bit Adder To add two 8-bit numbers together, we need an 8-bit adder: Notice how the carry out from one bit s adder becomes the carry-in to the next adder. 10 5
6 An 8-bit Adder We can abstract away the 1-bit adders, And summarize with this diagram: Notice the inputs and outputs. 11 Output from the Adder The adder produces 2 outputs: Sum (multi-bit), Carry Out (1-bit) Where does the output go from here? Accumulator A circuit connected to an adder, which stores the adder s result. 12 6
7 Putting it Together The accumulator is a memory circuit, and is wired as both an output from the adder and an input back into the adder. 13 Accumulator Example Suppose we want to add 3 numbers: 1) Clear the accumulator (set to all 0s) 2) Load the first input into the adder 3) Compute the sum of accumulator + input 4) Result flows back into accumulator 5) Go to step 2 with next input 14 7
8 Input to the Adder The adder takes inputs A, B are two binary numbers (Carry-in should be 0) How do we feed numbers into the adder? Random Access Memory A large memory unit which stores data before/after processing. 15 Random Access Memory Memory cells are circuits which each hold a 1 bit value, grouped into 8-bit bytes. Each byte of memory has a unique address corresponding to its location within the circuit, so that it can be located. 8
9 Memory Memory Address A physical location in the computer s memory. Addressability The number of bits stored in each addressable location in memory. (A byte in our example.) Word Size The number of bits used in each memory address. This dictates how much physical memory can be addressed. Example: A 32-bit machine has 2 32 = 4,294,967,296 possible memory addresses. 17 Putting it together Input to the adder now comes from RAM. One issue we ll need to deal with: how to specify which data to fetch from RAM. 18 9
10 Putting it together Here s a more complete version, which takes another input for a memory address: 19 What about Subtraction? 2s complement Recall that binary subtraction is accomplished by adding the 2s complement of a number. Inverter A circuit built using NOT gates, which inverts all bits turning 1s into 0s and 0s into 1s. The inverter creates a 1s complement of its input. Adding 1 to this gives a 2s complement number, suitable for doing subtraction. (How could we add 1 to the inverted number?) 20 10
11 Putting it together Using an inverter, we can do addition and subtraction. Now we need a way to control the inverter. 21 From Adding Machine What we ve got is an machine that can do addition/subtraction in circuitry. It can read data from memory, and write data back to memory. We haven t dealt with how to: Specify from which address memory to read. Specify which operation to perform (add/subtract). Specify to which address to write
12 to Automatic Computer We need a way to tell the machine to: Load some data from memory (by address) into the adder. Perform Add or Subtract Store data from the accumulator into the memory (by address) What we need is a a way to program it. 23 Computer Programming, 0.X The earliest digital computers were programmed by wiring them up to perform some specific logic. Pictured: Harvard Mark I 24 12
13 Computer Programming, 0.X Later, instructions were programmed by flipping switches. Pictured: Digital Equipment PDP-8 Demo: 25 Stored Program Computer John von Neumann (a mathematician who worked on the atomic bomb) Described a computer architecture in which instructions are read from the memory space (RAM), just like data. This design enables programmability, by making it relatively easy to provide new instructions to the computer s hardware
14 Stored Program Computer (Von Neumann Architecture) Figure 5.1 The von Neumann architecture 27 Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Refers to the combination of the Arithmetic/Logic Unit and the Control Unit. The ALU performs basic arithmetic operations and logic operations. Examples: Arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication Logical operations: AND, OR, NOT, XOR 28 14
15 Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Refers to the combination of the Arithmetic/Logic Unit and the Control Unit. The control unit coordinates the flow of operations and data in the computer. coordinates the ALU and memory Keeps track of which instruction to do in a Program Counter (PC) 29 Adder Inverter Accumulator Instructions Take-Away Points Von Neumann Architecture CPU: ALU/CU 30 15
16 Student To Dos Readings: Reed ch 7, pp HW posted on course schedule. Ask for help / visit TF hours. Wednesday Lab: Bring a headset or microphone if you have one. Most laptops have built-in microphones as well. Warning: Homework assignments can be very time consuming! 31 16
CS140 Lecture 03: The Machinery of Computation: Combinational Logic
CS140 Lecture 03: The Machinery of Computation: Combinational Logic John Magee 25 January 2017 Some material copyright Jones and Bartlett Some slides credit Aaron Stevens 1 Overview/Questions What did
More informationVon Neumann Architecture
Von Neumann Architecture Assist lecturer Donya A. Khalid Lecture 2 2/29/27 Computer Organization Introduction In 945, just after the World War, Jon Von Neumann proposed to build a more flexible computer.
More informationDec Hex Bin ORG ; ZERO. Introduction To Computing
Dec Hex Bin 0 0 00000000 ORG ; ZERO Introduction To Computing OBJECTIVES this chapter enables the student to: Convert any number from base 2, base 10, or base 16 to any of the other two bases. Add and
More informationComputer Organization and Levels of Abstraction
Computer Organization and Levels of Abstraction Announcements PS8 Due today PS9 Due July 22 Sound Lab tonight bring machines and headphones! Binary Search Today Review of binary floating point notation
More informationComputer Organization and Levels of Abstraction
Computer Organization and Levels of Abstraction Announcements Today: PS 7 Lab 8: Sound Lab tonight bring machines and headphones! PA 7 Tomorrow: Lab 9 Friday: PS8 Today (Short) Floating point review Boolean
More informationCS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015
CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015 Reading Quiz Today Hardware basics Machine memory models Digital signals Logic gates Circuits: Borrow some paper if
More informationCS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016
CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016 Reading Quiz Today Hardware basics Machine memory models Digital signals Logic gates Circuits: Borrow some paper if
More informationElectricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal.
Hardware CSCE 101 Electricity: Voltage Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. The signals voltage will either be between
More informationIntroduction to Computer Science. Homework 1
Introduction to Computer Science Homework. In each circuit below, the rectangles represent the same type of gate. Based on the input and output information given, identify whether the gate involved is
More informationCOSC 243. Computer Architecture 1. COSC 243 (Computer Architecture) Lecture 6 - Computer Architecture 1 1
COSC 243 Computer Architecture 1 COSC 243 (Computer Architecture) Lecture 6 - Computer Architecture 1 1 Overview Last Lecture Flip flops This Lecture Computers Next Lecture Instruction sets and addressing
More informationLet s put together a Manual Processor
Lecture 14 Let s put together a Manual Processor Hardware Lecture 14 Slide 1 The processor Inside every computer there is at least one processor which can take an instruction, some operands and produce
More informationChapter 5 12/2/2013. Objectives. Computer Systems Organization. Objectives. Objectives (continued) Introduction. INVITATION TO Computer Science 1
Chapter 5 Computer Systems Organization Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: The components of a computer system Putting all the pieces together the Von Neumann architecture The future: non-von
More informationCOSC 122 Computer Fluency. Computer Organization. Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan
COSC 122 Computer Fluency Computer Organization Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan ramon.lawrence@ubc.ca Key Points 1) The standard computer (von Neumann) architecture consists
More informationSoftware and Hardware
Software and Hardware Numbers At the most fundamental level, a computer manipulates electricity according to specific rules To make those rules produce something useful, we need to associate the electrical
More informationCS 101, Mock Computer Architecture
CS 101, Mock Computer Architecture Computer organization and architecture refers to the actual hardware used to construct the computer, and the way that the hardware operates both physically and logically
More informationCC411: Introduction To Microprocessors
CC411: Introduction To Microprocessors OBJECTIVES this chapter enables the student to: Use number { base 2, base 10, or base 16 }. Add and subtract binary/hex numbers. Represent any binary number in 2
More informationBUILDING BLOCKS OF A BASIC MICROPROCESSOR. Part 1 PowerPoint Format of Lecture 3 of Book
BUILDING BLOCKS OF A BASIC MICROPROCESSOR Part PowerPoint Format of Lecture 3 of Book Decoder Tri-state device Full adder, full subtractor Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Memories Example showing how to write
More informationComputer Systems. Binary Representation. Binary Representation. Logical Computation: Boolean Algebra
Binary Representation Computer Systems Information is represented as a sequence of binary digits: Bits What the actual bits represent depends on the context: Seminar 3 Numerical value (integer, floating
More informationShow how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder
Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder 1 Reg. A Reg. B Reg. Sum 2 Chapter 5 Computing Components Yet another layer of abstraction! Components Circuits Gates Transistors
More informationComputer Architecture Review. ICS332 - Spring 2016 Operating Systems
Computer Architecture Review ICS332 - Spring 2016 Operating Systems ENIAC (1946) Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator Stored-Program Computer (instead of Fixed-Program) Vacuum tubes, punch cards
More informationArithmetic Circuits. Design of Digital Circuits 2014 Srdjan Capkun Frank K. Gürkaynak.
Arithmetic Circuits Design of Digital Circuits 2014 Srdjan Capkun Frank K. Gürkaynak http://www.syssec.ethz.ch/education/digitaltechnik_14 Adapted from Digital Design and Computer Architecture, David Money
More informationLecture 21: Combinational Circuits. Integrated Circuits. Integrated Circuits, cont. Integrated Circuits Combinational Circuits
Lecture 21: Combinational Circuits Integrated Circuits Combinational Circuits Multiplexer Demultiplexer Decoder Adders ALU Integrated Circuits Circuits use modules that contain multiple gates packaged
More informationCS 261 Fall Mike Lam, Professor. Combinational Circuits
CS 261 Fall 2017 Mike Lam, Professor Combinational Circuits The final frontier Java programs running on Java VM C programs compiled on Linux Assembly / machine code on CPU + memory??? Switches and electric
More informationaddress ALU the operation opcode ACC Acc memory address
In this lecture, we will look at how storage (or memory) works with processor in a computer system. This is in preparation for the next lecture, in which we will examine how a microprocessor actually works
More informationCS1004: Intro to CS in Java, Spring 2005
CS1004: Intro to CS in Java, Spring 2005 Lecture #10: Computer architecture Janak J Parekh janak@cs.columbia.edu HW#2 due Tuesday Administrivia Mass Storage RAM is volatile Not useful for permanent storage,
More informationCO Computer Architecture and Programming Languages CAPL. Lecture 9
CO20-320241 Computer Architecture and Programming Languages CAPL Lecture 9 Dr. Kinga Lipskoch Fall 2017 A Four-bit Number Circle CAPL Fall 2017 2 / 38 Functional Parts of an ALU CAPL Fall 2017 3 / 38 Addition
More informationEXPERIMENT #8: BINARY ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
EE 2 Lab Manual, EE Department, KFUPM EXPERIMENT #8: BINARY ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS OBJECTIVES: Design and implement a circuit that performs basic binary arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction,
More informationArithmetic-logic units
Arithmetic-logic units An arithmetic-logic unit, or ALU, performs many different arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU is the heart of a processor you could say that everything else in the CPU is there
More informationLecture Objectives. Introduction to Computing Chapter 0. Topics. Numbering Systems 04/09/2017
Lecture Objectives Introduction to Computing Chapter The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and c Students should be able to: Convert between base and. Explain the difference between
More informationCSCI170 Lecture 1: Analysis of Programming Languages. John Magee 1 September 2011 Some material copyright Jones and Bartlett
CSCI170 Lecture 1: Analysis of Programming Languages John Magee 1 September 2011 Some material copyright Jones and Bartlett 1 Overview/Questions How can we control the computer s circuits? How does the
More informationIn this lecture, we will look at how storage (or memory) works with processor in a computer system. This is in preparation for the next lecture, in
In this lecture, we will look at how storage (or memory) works with processor in a computer system. This is in preparation for the next lecture, in which we will examine how a microprocessor actually works
More informationDigital Systems. John SUM Institute of Technology Management National Chung Hsing University Taichung, ROC. December 6, 2012
Digital Systems John SUM Institute of Technology Management National Chung Hsing University Taichung, ROC December 6, 2012 Contents 1 Logic Gates 3 1.1 Logic Gate............................. 3 1.2 Truth
More informationCS 140 Introduction to Computing & Computer Technology. Computing Components
CS 140 Introduction to Computing & Computer Technology Computing Components We ve looked at the elementary building blocks of computers transistors, gates, and circuits OK, but how do computers really
More informationCS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng.
CS 265 Computer Architecture Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. Part 3: von Neumann Architecture von Neumann Architecture Our goal: understand the basics of von Neumann architecture, including memory, control unit
More informationCS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic
CS 3: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Martin Gagné Swarthmore College January 3, 27 You re going to want scratch papr today borrow some if needed. Quick nnouncements Late Policy Reminder 3 late days total
More informationvon Neumann Architecture Basic Computer System Early Computers Microprocessor Reading Assignment An Introduction to Computer Architecture
Reading Assignment EEL 4744C: Microprocessor Applications Lecture 1 Part 1 An Introduction to Computer Architecture Microcontrollers and Microcomputers: Chapter 1, Appendix A, Chapter 2 Software and Hardware
More informationBasic Computer System. von Neumann Architecture. Reading Assignment. An Introduction to Computer Architecture. EEL 4744C: Microprocessor Applications
Reading Assignment EEL 4744C: Microprocessor Applications Lecture 1 Part 1 An Introduction to Computer Architecture Microcontrollers and Microcomputers: Chapter 1, Appendix A, Chapter 2 Software and Hardware
More informationCOS 116 The Computational Universe Laboratory 7: Digital Logic I
COS 116 The Computational Universe Laboratory 7: Digital Logic I In this lab you ll construct simple combinational circuits in software, using a simulator, and also in hardware, with a breadboard and silicon
More informationLevel 2: The Hardware World Chapters 4 and 5 (topics of other cs courses)
Level 2: The Hardware World Chapters 4 and 5 (topics of other cs courses) Invitation to Computer Science, Java Version, Third Edition Chapter 4: The Building Blocks: Binary Numbers, Boolean Logic, and
More information8086 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
8086 INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE Segment 2 Intel 8086 Microprocessor The 8086 CPU is divided into two independent functional parts: a) The Bus interface unit (BIU) b) Execution Unit (EU) Dividing the work between
More informationEET 1131 Lab #7 Arithmetic Circuits
Name Equipment and Components Safety glasses ETS-7000 Digital-Analog Training System Integrated Circuits: 7483, 74181 Quartus II software and Altera DE2-115 board Multisim simulation software EET 1131
More informationThe x86 Microprocessors. Introduction. The 80x86 Microprocessors. 1.1 Assembly Language
The x86 Microprocessors Introduction 1.1 Assembly Language Numbering and Coding Systems Human beings use the decimal system (base 10) Decimal digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Computer systems use the
More informationSegment 1A. Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor
Segment 1A Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor 1.1 General Architecture of a Microcomputer System: The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal computer, or a computer that
More informationECE 341 Midterm Exam
ECE 341 Midterm Exam Time allowed: 75 minutes Total Points: 75 Points Scored: Name: Problem No. 1 (8 points) For each of the following statements, indicate whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE: (a) A
More informationEE 3170 Microcontroller Applications
EE 3170 Microcontroller Applications Lecture 4 : Processors, Computers, and Controllers - 1.2 (reading assignment), 1.3-1.5 Based on slides for ECE3170 by Profs. Kieckhafer, Davis, Tan, and Cischke Outline
More informationCSC 220: Computer Organization Unit 10 Arithmetic-logic units
College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Science CSC 220: Computer Organization Unit 10 Arithmetic-logic units 1 Remember: 2 Arithmetic-logic units An arithmetic-logic unit,
More informationProcessor: Faster and Faster
Chapter 4 Processor: Faster and Faster Most of the computers, no matter how it looks, can be cut into five parts: Input/Output brings things in and, once done, sends out the result; a memory remembers
More information2. Computer Evolution and Performance
2. Computer Evolution and Performance Spring 2016 Spring 2016 CS430 - Computer Architecture 1 Chapter 2: Computer Evolution and Performance Reading: pp. 16-49 Good Problems to Work: 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.8,
More informationCOMPUTER SYSTEM. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U
C A N A D I A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L S C H O O L O F H O N G K O N G 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Components of a Computer System Algorithm The Von Neumann architecture is based on the following three characteristics:
More informationChapter 5: Computer Systems Organization
Objectives Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition In this chapter, you will learn about: The components of a computer system Putting all the
More informationChapter 5: Computer Systems Organization. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition
Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: The components of a computer system Putting all the
More informationRegister Transfer and Micro-operations
Register Transfer Language Register Transfer Bus Memory Transfer Micro-operations Some Application of Logic Micro Operations Register Transfer and Micro-operations Learning Objectives After reading this
More informationCS140 Lecture 09a: Brief History of Computing
CS140 Lecture 09a: Brief History of Computing "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." -- Ken Olson, founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 John Magee 17 February 2017
More informatione-pg Pathshala Subject : Computer Science Paper: Embedded System Module: Introduction to Computing Module No: CS/ES/1 Quadrant 1 e-text
e-pg Pathshala Subject : Computer Science Paper: Embedded System Module: Introduction to Computing Module No: CS/ES/1 Quadrant 1 e-text About the course : In this digital world, embedded systems are more
More informationCSE 141L Computer Architecture Lab Fall Lecture 3
CSE 141L Computer Architecture Lab Fall 2005 Lecture 3 Pramod V. Argade November 1, 2005 Fall 2005 CSE 141L Course Schedule Lecture # Date Day Lecture Topic Lab Due 1 9/27 Tuesday No Class 2 10/4 Tuesday
More informationProcessors. Nils Jansen and Kasper Brink. (based on slides from Jeroen Keiren, Marc Seutter and David N. Jansen)
Processors Nils Jansen and Kasper Brink (based on slides from Jeroen Keiren, Marc Seutter and David N. Jansen) https://ocw.cs.ru.nl/nwi-ipc006 Student Assistants Jordi Riemens Jasper Haasdijk Niek Janssen
More informationIntroduction to Microcontrollers
Introduction to Microcontrollers Embedded Controller Simply an embedded controller is a controller that is embedded in a greater system. One can define an embedded controller as a controller (or computer)
More informationBinary Addition. Add the binary numbers and and show the equivalent decimal addition.
Binary Addition The rules for binary addition are 0 + 0 = 0 Sum = 0, carry = 0 0 + 1 = 0 Sum = 1, carry = 0 1 + 0 = 0 Sum = 1, carry = 0 1 + 1 = 10 Sum = 0, carry = 1 When an input carry = 1 due to a previous
More informationUC Berkeley College of Engineering, EECS Department CS61C: Combinational Logic Blocks
2 Wawrzynek, Garcia 2004 c UCB UC Berkeley College of Engineering, EECS Department CS61C: Combinational Logic Blocks 1 Introduction Original document by J. Wawrzynek (2003-11-15) Revised by Chris Sears
More informationUC Berkeley College of Engineering, EECS Department CS61C: Combinational Logic Blocks
UC Berkeley College of Engineering, EECS Department CS61C: Combinational Logic Blocks Original document by J. Wawrzynek (2003-11-15) Revised by Chris Sears and Dan Garcia (2004-04-26) 1 Introduction Last
More informationWeek 6: Processor Components
Week 6: Processor Components Microprocessors So far, we ve been about making devices, such such as adders, counters and registers. The ultimate goal is to make a microprocessor, which is a digital device
More informationCS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng.
CS 265 Computer Architecture Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. CS 265 Midterm #1 Monday, Oct 18, 12:00pm-1:45pm, SCI 163 Questions on essential terms and concepts of Computer Architecture Mathematical questions on
More informationIntel 8086 MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Intel 8086 MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE 1 Features It is a 16-bit μp. 8086 has a 20 bit address bus can access up to 2 20 memory locations (1 MB). It can support up to 64K I/O ports. It provides 14, 16
More informationCHAPTER 5 : Introduction to Intel 8085 Microprocessor Hardware BENG 2223 MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 5 : Introduction to Intel 8085 Hardware BENG 2223 MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY The 8085A(commonly known as the 8085) : Was first introduced in March 1976 is an 8-bit microprocessor with 16-bit address
More informationCPU Architecture system clock
CPU Architecture system clock Memory 64-bit adder Every CPU architecture is implemented using digital logic. In each cycle of the system clock, logic is executed and results are saved. System designers
More informationDigital Circuits. Page 1 of 5. I. Before coming to lab. II. Learning Objectives. III. Materials
I. Before coming to lab Read this handout and the supplemental. Also read the handout on Digital Electronics found on the course website. II. Learning Objectives Using transistors and resistors, you'll
More informationConcept of Memory. The memory of computer is broadly categories into two categories:
Concept of Memory We have already mentioned that digital computer works on stored programmed concept introduced by Von Neumann. We use memory to store the information, which includes both program and data.
More informationSystems Architecture
Systems Architecture Friday, 27 April 2018 Systems Architecture Today s Objectives: 1. To be able to explain the purposes and uses of embedded systems. 2. To be able to describe how the CPU executes instructions
More informationCOMS 1003 Fall Introduction to Computer Programming in C. History & Computer Organization. September 15 th
COMS 1003 Fall 2005 Introduction to Computer Programming in C History & Computer Organization September 15 th What's Ahead Some computer history Introduction to major players in the development of hardware
More informationLecture (01) Introducing Embedded Systems and the Microcontrollers By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee
Lecture (01) Introducing Embedded Systems and the Microcontrollers By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ Agenda What is microprocessor system? What is Microcontroller/embedded system? Definition of Embedded Systems
More informationA Review of Chapter 5 and. CSc 2010 Spring 2012 Instructor: Qian Hu
A Review of Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Computer Systems Organization Von Neumann Architecture 4 Components Memory Input/output ALU Control Unit Two major features Stored program concept Sequential
More informationWednesday, February 4, Chapter 4
Wednesday, February 4, 2015 Topics for today Introduction to Computer Systems Static overview Operation Cycle Introduction to Pep/8 Features of the system Operational cycle Program trace Categories of
More informationMachine Architecture. or what s in the box? Lectures 2 & 3. Prof Leslie Smith. ITNP23 - Autumn 2014 Lectures 2&3, Slide 1
Machine Architecture Prof Leslie Smith or what s in the box? Lectures 2 & 3 ITNP23 - Autumn 2014 Lectures 2&3, Slide 1 Basic Machine Architecture In these lectures we aim to: understand the basic architecture
More informationComputer Architecture
Computer Architecture Topics: Machine Organization Machine Cycle Program Execution Machine Language Types of Memory & Access Von Neumann Design 1) Two key ideas 1) The stored program concept 1) instructions
More informationBasic Arithmetic (adding and subtracting)
Basic Arithmetic (adding and subtracting) Digital logic to show add/subtract Boolean algebra abstraction of physical, analog circuit behavior 1 0 CPU components ALU logic circuits logic gates transistors
More informationComputers: Inside and Out
Computers: Inside and Out Computer Components To store binary information the most basic components of a computer must exist in two states State # 1 = 1 State # 2 = 0 1 Transistors Computers use transistors
More informationComputer Architecture Review CS 595
Computer Architecture Review CS 595 1 The von Neumann Model Von Neumann (1946) proposed that a fundamental model of a computer should include 5 primary components: Memory Processing Unit Input Device(s)
More informationCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION Register Transfer and Micro-operations 1. Introduction A digital system is an interconnection of digital
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 1. Introduction A digital system is an interconnection of digital hardware modules that accomplish a specific information-processing task. Digital systems vary in
More informationMicrocontroller Systems
µcontroller systems 1 / 43 Microcontroller Systems Engineering Science 2nd year A2 Lectures Prof David Murray david.murray@eng.ox.ac.uk www.robots.ox.ac.uk/ dwm/courses/2co Michaelmas 2014 µcontroller
More informationTUTORIAL Describe the circumstances that would prompt you to use a microprocessorbased design solution instead of a hard-wired IC logic design.
TUTORIAL 1 1. Make a list of 10 products containing microprocessors that we use everyday. Personal computer Television Calculator Elevator Mobile phones MP3 players Microwave ovens DVD players Engine Control
More informationLecture 6: Signed Numbers & Arithmetic Circuits. BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Points Addressed in this Lecture
Points ddressed in this Lecture Lecture 6: Signed Numbers rithmetic Circuits Professor Peter Cheung Department of EEE, Imperial College London (Floyd 2.5-2.7, 6.1-6.7) (Tocci 6.1-6.11, 9.1-9.2, 9.4) Representing
More informationELEC 326: Class project
ELEC 326: Class project Kartik Mohanram 1 Introduction For this project you will design and test a three-digit binary-coded-decimal (BCD) adder capable of adding positive and negative BCD numbers. In the
More informationBuilding a Virtual Computer
uilding a Virtual Computer From Gates to Operating System Student Researcher: Elisa Elshamy Faculty Mentor: Dr. Victoria Gitman bstract modern computer can carry a plethora of multifaceted computations.
More informationECE Lab 8. Logic Design for a Direct-Mapped Cache. To understand the function and design of a direct-mapped memory cache.
ECE 201 - Lab 8 Logic Design for a Direct-Mapped Cache PURPOSE To understand the function and design of a direct-mapped memory cache. EQUIPMENT Simulation Software REQUIREMENTS Electronic copy of your
More informationCS 261 Fall Mike Lam, Professor. Logic Gates
CS 261 Fall 2016 Mike Lam, Professor Logic Gates The final frontier Java programs running on Java VM C programs compiled on Linux Assembly / machine code on CPU + memory??? Switches and electric signals
More informationTopics. Computer Organization CS Exam 2 Review. Infix Notation. Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)
Computer Organization CS 231-01 Exam 2 Review Dr. William H. Robinson October 11, 2004 http://eecs.vanderbilt.edu/courses/cs231/ Topics Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. Will Durant
More informationDr. Chuck Cartledge. 10 June 2015
Miscellanea Exam #1 Break Exam review 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Break 3 4 Conclusion References CSC-205 Computer Organization Lecture #003 Chapter 2, Sections 2.1 through 4 Dr. Chuck Cartledge 10 June 2015 1/30
More informationMany ways to build logic out of MOSFETs
Many ways to build logic out of MOSFETs pass transistor logic (most similar to the first switch logic we saw) static CMOS logic (what we saw last time) dynamic CMOS logic Clock=0 precharges X through the
More informationInformation Science 1
Information Science 1 -Basic Concepts of Computers: Opera4on, Architecture, Memory- Week 02 College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Today s lecture outline l Recall the previous
More informationComputer Systems Architecture
Computer Systems Architecture Guoping Qiu School of Computer Science The University of Nottingham http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~qiu 1 The World of Computers Computers are everywhere Cell phones Game consoles
More information16.1. Unit 16. Computer Organization Design of a Simple Processor
6. Unit 6 Computer Organization Design of a Simple Processor HW SW 6.2 You Can Do That Cloud & Distributed Computing (CyberPhysical, Databases, Data Mining,etc.) Applications (AI, Robotics, Graphics, Mobile)
More informationCS311 Lecture: The Architecture of a Simple Computer
CS311 Lecture: The Architecture of a Simple Computer Objectives: July 30, 2003 1. To introduce the MARIE architecture developed in Null ch. 4 2. To introduce writing programs in assembly language Materials:
More informationCS101 Lecture 29: Brief History of Computing
CS101 Lecture 29: Brief History of Computing "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." -- Ken Olson, founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 John Magee 1 August 2013 Some
More informationFor your convenience Apress has placed some of the front matter material after the index. Please use the Bookmarks and Contents at a Glance links to
For your convenience Apress has placed some of the front matter material after the index. Please use the Bookmarks and Contents at a Glance links to access them. Contents at a Glance About the Author...xi
More informationBehind the Curtain. Introduce TA Friday 1 st lab! (1:30-3:30) (Do Prelab before) 1 st Problem set on Thurs. Comp 411 Fall /16/13
Behind the Curtain 1. Number representations 2. Computer organization 2. Computer Instructions 3. Memory concepts 4. Where should code go? 5. Computers as systems Introduce TA Friday 1 st lab! (1:30-3:30)
More informationMicroprocessors/Microcontrollers
Microprocessors/Microcontrollers A central processing unit (CPU) fabricated on one or more chips, containing the basic arithmetic, logic, and control elements of a computer that are required for processing
More informationComputer Organization and Programming
Sep 2006 Prof. Antônio Augusto Fröhlich (http://www.lisha.ufsc.br) 8 Computer Organization and Programming Prof. Dr. Antônio Augusto Fröhlich guto@lisha.ufsc.br http://www.lisha.ufsc.br/~guto Sep 2006
More informationCS6303 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE LESSION NOTES UNIT II ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ALU In computing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is
More informationCS 31: Intro to Systems Caching. Martin Gagne Swarthmore College March 23, 2017
CS 1: Intro to Systems Caching Martin Gagne Swarthmore College March 2, 2017 Recall A cache is a smaller, faster memory, that holds a subset of a larger (slower) memory We take advantage of locality to
More informationLecture 1. Course Overview and The 8051 Architecture
Lecture 1 Course Overview and The 8051 Architecture MCUniversity Program Lectures 8051 architecture t System overview of C8051F020 8051 instruction set System clock, crossbar and GPIO Assembler directives
More information