INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER"

Kenneth Bond
5 years ago
Views:

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPUTER An electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a

1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER COMPUTER An electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals. CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER 1. Speed - Computers work at an incredible speed. A powerful computer is capable of performing about 3-4 million simple instructions per second. 2. Accuracy -In addition to being fast, computers are also accurate. Errors that may occur can almost always be attributed to human error (inaccurate data, poorly designed system or faulty instructions/programs written by the programmer) 3. Diligence - Unlike human beings, computers are highly consistent. They do not suffer from human traits of boredom and tiredness resulting in lack of concentration. Computers, therefore, are better than human beings in performing voluminous and repetitive jobs. 4. Versatility - Computers are versatile machines and are capable of performing any task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. The presence of computers can be seen in almost every sphere Railway/Air reservation, Banks, Hotels, Weather forecasting and many more. FUNCTIONAL UNITS a. Input Unit: This unit is used for entering data and programs into the computer system by the user for processing. b. Storage Unit: The storage unit is used for storing data and instructions before and after processing. c. Output Unit: The output unit is used for storing the result as output produced by the computer after processing. d. Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided.

2 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit. CPU includes Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU) Arithmetic Logic Unit: All calculations and comparisons, based on the instructions provided, are carried out within the ALU. It performs arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and also logical operations like greater than, less than and equal to etc. Control Unit: Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by control unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations inside the computer. Types of Computers 1. On basis of Computation 1. Analog Computers 2. Digital Computers 3. Hybrid Computers 2. On basis of Size 1. Personal Computer 2. Mini Computer 3. Mainframes 4. Super Computer 5. Micro computer

Analog computer - They are introduced by Lord Kelvin. Numerical data are represented by measurable physical variables such as electrical voltage. A thermometer is a simple analog computer.

3 Analog computer - They are introduced by Lord Kelvin. Numerical data are represented by measurable physical variables such as electrical voltage. A thermometer is a simple analog computer. Digital computer- These are the computers that accepts and process data in the form of numbers and all the character are converted into binary code. Hybrid computer - These computers used the combined feature of analog and digital machine. you can see hybrid computer in geological departments. Personal Computer: A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Mini Computer: It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of supporting up to 250 users simultaneously. These were designed for specific tasks but have now lost popularity due to the advent of Pcs. Popular Minicomputers: 1. K-202

4 2. Texas Instrument TI SDS IBM Midrange computers Mainframes: Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently and supports many simultaneous executions of programs. Popular Mainframe computers: 1. Fujitsu s ICL VME 2. Hitachi s Z800 Super computer: Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amount of mathematical calculations (number crunching). For example, weather forecasting, scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Popular Super computers: 1. IBM s Sequoia, in United States 2. Fujitsu s K Computer in Japan 3. IBM s Mira in United States 4. IBM s Super MUC in Germany 5. NUDT Tianhe-1A in China Microcomputer: Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets & smartphones are all types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing computers. Desktop computers, Gaming consoles, Sound & Navigation system of a car, Net books, Notebooks, PDA s, Tablet PC s, Smart phones, Calculators are all type of Microcomputers.

5 MCQ QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is not a class based on size? A) Mainframe Computer B) Micro Computer C) Mini Computer D) Digital Computer 2. In latest generation computers, the instructions are executed A) Parallel only B) Sequentially only C) Both sequentially and parallel D) All of above 3. Apple company used chips from for its computers A) Intel B) Motorola C) Both of above D) None of above 4. A computer which CPU speed around 100 million instruction per second and with the word length of around 64 bits is known as A) Super computer B) Minicomputer C) Microcomputer D) Macro computer 5. When we look at the cost, which of the following computer is most expensive? A) Mainframe Computer B) Mini Computers C) Micro Computers D) Super Computers 6. Pick the one that is used for logical operations or comparisons such as less than equal to or greater than. A) Arithmetic and Logic Unit B) Control Unit C) Both of above D) None of above 7. The computer that process both analog and digital is called A) Analog computer B) Digital computer C) Hybrid computer D) Mainframe computer 8. Which of the following class of computers can process physical quantities such as speed?

6 A) Analog Computers B) Digital Computers C) Hybrid Computers D) None of above 9. What was the name of the first commercially available microprocessor chip? A) Intel 308 B) Intel 33 C) Intel 4004 D) Motorola What type of computer could be found in a digital watch? A) Mainframe computers B) Super computer C) Hand held computer D) Embedded computer 11. What is the name of first super computer of India? A) SAGA 220 B) PARAM 8000 C) ENIAC D) PARAM Which of the following are components of Central Processing Unit (CPU)? A) Arithmetic Logic unit, Mouse B) Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit C) Arithmetic Logic unit, Integrated Circuit D) Control Unit, Monitor 13. Which operation is not performed by computer? A) Inputting B) Processing C) Controlling D) Understanding 14. On which aspect the analog computers are better than digital? A) Speed B) Accuracy C) Reliability D) Automatic 15. Which was the world s first minicomputer and when was it introduced? A) PDP-I, 1958 B) IBM System/36, 1960 C) PDP-II, 1961 D) VAX 11/780, The word length of a computer is measured in

7 A) Bytes B) Millimeters C) Meters D) Bits 17. Computer system comprises of major units A) input unit, output unit, control unit B) input unit, output unit, control unit and storage C) input unit, output unit, central processing unit and storage unit D) input, output and storage units 18. Which company is the biggest player in the microprocessor industry? A) Motorola B) IBM C) Intel D) AMD 19. The first digital computer built with IC chips was known as A) IBM 7090 B) Apple 1 C) IBM System / 360 D) VAX Number crunchier is the informal name for A) Minicomputer B) Super computer C) Microcomputer D) Mainframe computer 21. Intel corporation produces chips for which computers? A) IBM PCs B) Apple/Macintosh PCs C) Both of above D) None of above 22. The first microprocessor built by the Intel Corporation was called A) 8008 B) 8080 C) 4004 D) What are the computers called that performs calculations and comparisons usually in the binary numbering system? A) Analog Computers B) Digital Computers C) Hybrid Computers D) None of above 24. Central Processing Unit is combination of

8 A) Control and storage B) Control and output unit C) Arithmetic logic and input unit D) Arithmetic logic and control unit 25. IBM 1401 computer was A) Mainframe Computer B) Mini Computers C) Micro Computers D) None of above 26. Which unit converts user data into machine readable form? A) Input unit B) Output unit C) ALU D) Control Unit 27. Which unit is known as nerve center of computer? A) ALU B) CU C) Memory D) Registers 28. Who invented the microprocessor? A) Marcian E Huff B) Herman H Goldstein C) Joseph Jacquard D) All of above 29. IMB launched its first personal computer called IBM-PC in It had chips from Intel, disk drives from Tandon, operating system from Microsoft, the printer from Epson and the application software from everywhere. Can you name the country which contributed? A) India B) China C) Germany D) Taiwan 30. Who is the father of Supercomputer? A) Seymour Cray B) Charles Babbage C) Vint Cerf D) Steve Wozniak 30. Who is the father of Indian Supercomputer? A) Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar B) Aravind Joshi C) Amar Gupta D) Raj Reddy

9 31. Where is the first Cyber Police Station in India? A) Delhi B) Kolkata C) Hyderabad D) Bangalore 32. Where is the first Cyber Police Station in Asia? A) Dubai B) Singapore C) Tokyo D) Jakarta 33. Where is the first Cyber Post Office in India? A) Hyderabad B) Chennai C) Mumbai D) Delhi 34. Which company is also known as Big Blue? A) Microsoft B) Intel C) IBM D) Sun Microsystem 35. Name the fastest supercomputer of India? A) PARAM YUVA II B) Aaditya C) SahasraT D) PARAM Name the Fastest supercomputer of world? A) Titan (United States) B) Tianhe 2 (China) C) Sequoia (United States) D) Sunway TaihuLight (China)

Lecture -1- By lec. (Eng.) Hind Basil University of technology Department of Materials Engineering

Lecture -1- By lec. (Eng.) Hind Basil University of technology Department of Materials Engineering What is Computer? Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user