Page 1. Ubiquitous Computing: Beyond platforms, beyond screens; the invisible computer. Topics for Today. Ubiquitous Computing Fundamentals

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1 Ubiquitous Computing: Beyond platforms, beyond screens; the invisible computer Shwetak N. Patel 2 Topics for Today Ubiquitous Computing Fundamentals Review the history of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) Fundamental concepts Important research themes 3 4 Page 1

2 User Productivity The Plateau Paradigm: Ubiquitous Computing WIMP (Windows)? Person is no longer user of single device but occupant of computationally-rich environment Batch Command Line Computers everywhere 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s - Present? Desktops, laptops, tablets, mobile phones Time Can no longer neglect macro-social aspects 5 6 Innovator: Mark Weiser CTO of Xerox PARC Introduced notion of calm technology It s everywhere, but recedes quietly into background Ubiquitous Computing Move beyond the desktop Computing is embedded everywhere in the environment The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. 7 Technology supports a task The task should be the focus not the technology 8 Page 2

3 Location Crucial Elements If a computer knows merely what room it is in, it can adapt it behavior in significant ways without requiring even a hint artificial intelligence. Scale Ubiquitous computers will also come in different sizes, each suited to a particular task. Scales of devices Tabs Inch scale Pads Foot scale Boards Yard scale 9 10 Already a Reality Head Mounted Displays Micro optical displays Page 3

4 Three Research Themes in Ubicomp 1. Automated Capture 1. Automated capture and access Motivation Record-taking is hard 2. Context-awareness 3. Natural/Implicit interaction Multiple streams of information need to be captured Machines are better at some of these things than we are Examples LiveBoard Meeting capture (e.g. Weiser,Xerox PARC) Classroom Page 4

5 Classroom Context-Aware Computing Computing services sense the environment (location, user emotion, ) and tailor provided services Walk into a meeting, phone is silenced Requires sensor innovation Examples Sensing Techniques for Mobile Interaction Active Badge & PARCTab Temperature adjusted automatically 19 Shwetak N. Patel - CSE 599U - Advanced Topics in Ubicomp 20 Page 5

6 Energy Monitoring Augmented Reality 22 The Georgia Tech Aware Home 3. Natural/Implicit Interfaces Making computing interfaces more natural interaction tools Pen input Speech Gesture Tangible interfaces Page 6

7 Examples Hollywood Visions Pen applications H. Ishii s tangible UI work Ubicomp is Dangling String Computing everywhere Mobile computing Wearable computing Augmented reality It is NOT virtual reality Page 7

8 Where are we now? Machine learning Cloud computing Mobile computing is a given New opportunities for designers Lots of sensors Environmental vs. Local Processing Environmental Lower cost, lower power Local Supports mobility Privacy preserving Remaining Challenges Ease of deployment/install Security/privacy Power Engineering challenges At odds with traditional engineering practices Page 8

9 Battery Trends Low-power Wireless Sensing 33 Mechanical Inertial/Motion-based Power Harvesting Leverage Existing Sensors and Infrastructure Magnetic Inductive coupling RF power harvesting Thermoelectrics Piezoelectrics Resonator 35 Page 9

10 Mobile Home Health Smartphones Internet of Things (IOT) Questions? Page 10