Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society

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1 Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society Martin Sauter Nortel Networks, Germany John Wiley Si Sons, Ltd

2 Contents Preface List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations xi xiii xix xxi 1 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Circuit-Switched Data Transmission Standards Transmission Speeds The Signaling System Number The SS-7 Protocol Stack SS-7 Protocols for GSM The GSM Subsystems The Network Subsystem The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) The Visitor Location Register (VLR) The Home Location Register (HLR) The Authentication Center The Short Messaging Service Center (SMSC) The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Frequency Bands The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) The GSM Air Interface The Base Station Controller (BSC) The TRAU for Voice Data Transmission Mobility Management and Call Control Location Area and Location Area Update The Mobile Terminated Call Handover Scenarios 49

3 VI Contents 1.9 The Mobile Station The SIM Card The Intelligent Network Subsystem and CAMEL Questions 62 References 62 2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Circuit-Switched Data Transmission over GSM Packet-Switched Data Transmission over GPRS GPRS and the IP Protocol GPRS vs. Fixed-Line Data Transmission The GPRS Air Interface GPRS vs. GSM Timeslot Usage on the Air Interface Mixed GSM/GPRS Timeslot Usage in a Base Station Coding Schemes Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) - EGPRS Mobile Station Classes Network Mode of Operation GPRS Logical Channels on the Air Interface The GPRS State Model GPRS Network Elements The Packet Control Unit (PCU) The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) GPRS Radio Resource Management GPRS Interfaces GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management (GMM/SM) Mobility Management Tasks GPRS Session Management Session Management from a User Point of View WAP over GPRS The Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) over GPRS Web Browsing via GPRS Impact of Delay on the Web Browsing Experience Web Browser Optimization for Mobile Web Browsing Questions 119 References Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Overview, History, and Future UMTS Release 99: A New Radio Access Network UMTS Release 4: Enhancements for the Circuit-Switched Core Network UMTS Release 5: Introduction of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) UMTS Release 5: High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) UMTS Release 6: High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) UMTS Release 7 and Beyond: Even Higher Data Rates 129

4 Contents Vll 3.2 Important New Concepts of UMTS The Radio Access Bearer (RAB) The Access Stratum and Non-Access Stratum Common Transport Protocols for CS and PS Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Spreading Factor, Chip Rate, and Process Gain The OVSF Code Tree Scrambling in the Uplink and Downlink Directions UMTS Frequency and Cell Planning The Near-Far Effect and Cell Breathing Advantages of the UMTS Radio Network Compared to GSM UMTS Channel Structure on the Air Interface User Plane and Control Plane Common and Dedicated Channels Logical, Transport, and Physical Channels Example: Network Search Example: Initial Network Access Procedure The Uu Protocol Stack The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Node-B, lub Interface, NBAP, and FP The RNC, lu, lub, and lur Interfaces, RANAP and RNSAP Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Codec for Voice Calls Radio Resource Control (RRC) States Core Network Mobility Management Radio Network Mobility Management Mobility Management in the Cell-DCH State Mobility Management in Idle State Mobility Management in Other States UMTS CS and PS Call Establishment UMTS Release 99 Performance Data Rates, Delay, and Applications Radio Resource Management Example UMTS Web Browsing Experience Number of Simultaneous Users per Cell UMTS Release 5: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) HSDPA Channels Shorter Delay Times and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) Node-B Scheduling Adaptive Modulation, Coding, and Transmission Rates Establishment and Release of an HSDPA Connection HSDPA Mobility Management UMTS Release 6: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) E-DCH Channel Structure The E-DCH Protocol Stack and Functionality E-DCH Scheduling 208

5 V 111 Contents E-DCH Mobility E-DCH Terminals UMTS and CDMA Questions 215 References Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Wireless LAN Overview Transmission Speeds and Standards WLAN Configurations: From Ad-hoc to Wireless Bridging Ad-hoc, BSS, ESS, and Wireless Bridging SSID and Frequency Selection Management Operations The MAC Layer Air Interface Access Control The MAC Header The Physical Layer IEEE b- 11 Mbit/s IEEE g with up to 54Mbit/s IEEE a with up to 54Mbit/s WLAN Security Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Wireless Protected Access (WPA), WPA2, and 802. Hi Comparison of WLAN and UMTS Questions 247 References and WiMAX Overview Standards, Evolution, and Profiles WiMAX PHYs for Point-to-Multipoint FDD or TDD Operation Adaptive OFDM Modulation and Coding Physical Layer Speed Calculations Cell Sizes Physical Layer Framing Frame Structure in FDD Mode for Point-to-Multipoint Networks Frame Structure in TDD Mode for Point-to-Multipoint Networks Ensuring Quality of Service MAC Management Functions Connecting to the Network Power, Modulation, and Coding Control Dynamic Frequency Selection 21A 5.7 MAC Management of User Data Fragmentation and Packing Data Retransmission (ARQ) Header Compression 278

6 Contents ix 5.8 Security Authentication Ciphering Advanced Functionalities Mesh Network Topology I'&l Adaptive Antenna Systems Mobile WiMAX: e OFDM Multiple Access for e Networks MIMO Handover Power-Saving Functionality Idle Mode WiMAX Network Infrastructure Network Reference Architecture Micro Mobility Management Macro Mobility Management Comparison of with UMTS, HSDPA, and WLAN Questions 301 References Bluetooth Overview and Applications Physical Properties Piconets and the Master/Slave Concept The Bluetooth Protocol Stack The Baseband Layer The Link Controller The Link Manager The HCl Interface The L2CAP Layer The Service Discovery Protocol The RFCOMM Layer Bluetooth Connection Establishment Overview Bluetooth Security Pairing Authentication Encryption Authorization Security Modes Bluetooth Profiles Basic Profiles: GAP, SDP, and the Serial Profile The Network Profiles: DUN, LAP, and PAN Object Exchange Profiles: FTP, Object Push, and Synchronize Headset, Hands-Free, and SIM Access Profile High-Quality Audio Streaming 344

7 X Contents 6.7 Comparison between Bluetooth and Wireless LAN Questions 347 References 348 Index 351

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