Sun Certified System Administrator for the Solaris 10 OS Bootcamp

Transcription

1 Sun Certified System Administrator for the Solaris 10 OS Bootcamp Student Guide - Volume 1 SA-997 Rev A (SA-200-S10-B.2) D63735GC10 Edition 1.0 D64503

2 Copyright 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information, is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure, and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Sun Microsystems, Inc. Disclaimer This training manual may include references to materials, offerings, or products that were previously offered by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Certain materials, offerings, services, or products may no longer be offered or provided.oracle and its affiliates cannot be held responsible for any such references should they appear in the text provided. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.

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5 Table of Contents About This Course...Preface-i Course Goals... Preface-i Topics Not Covered...Preface-iii How Prepared Are You?...Preface-iv Introductions...Preface-v How to Use Course Materials...Preface-vi Conventions...Preface-vii Typographical Conventions... Preface-ix Additional Conventions... Preface-x Introducing the Solaris 10 OS Directory Hierarchy Objectives Introducing / (root) Subdirectories Introducing Important System Directories Introducing Important In-Memory System Directories Introducing File Components File Names Inodes Data Blocks Identifying File Types Directories Regular Files Symbolic Links Device Files Using Hard Links Introducing Hard Links Creating New Hard Links Removing Hard Links Exercise: Identifying File Types Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Identifying File Types vii

6 Managing Local Disk Devices Objectives Introducing the Basic Architecture of a Disk Physical Disk Structure Data Organization on Disk Platters The Disk Labels and Partition Tables SPARC Disk Slices x86/x64 Partitions and Slices Disk Device Naming Conventions Introducing Solaris OS Device Naming Conventions Logical Device Names Physical Device Names Instance Names Listing a System s Devices The /etc/path_to_inst File The prtconf Command The format Utility Reconfiguring Devices Performing a Reconfiguration Boot Using the devfsadm Command Partitioning the Hard Disk Introducing the Fundamentals of Disk Partitioning Recognizing Disk Space and Undesirable Conditions Recognizing Wasted Disk Space Recognizing Overlapping Disk Slices The format Utility and Disk Partition Tables Using the format Utility Defining Slices on a SPARC System Using the format Utility to Create fdisk Partitions Defining Slices on an x86/x64 System Managing Disk Labels Viewing the VTOC Replacing a SPARC or x86/x64 VTOC on Disk Viewing and Replacing fdisk Partition Tables on x86/x64 Systems Introducing the Solaris Management Console Starting the Solaris Management Console Using the Solaris Management Console Tools Restarting the Solaris Management Console Identifying the Functional Areas of the Solaris Management Console Partitioning a Disk Using the Solaris Management Console Disks Manager Tool Partitioning the Disk Using the Disks Tool Exercise: Managing Local Disk Devices Preparation viii System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System, Part 1

7 Exercise Summary Task 1 Identifying Device Files Task 2 Adding a New Disk or Tape Device Task 3 - Working With Disks and Partitions on SPARC Systems Task 4 - Working With Disks and Partitions on x86/x64 Systems Task 5 - Working With the Solaris Management Console on SPARC Systems Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions - Managing Local Disk Devices Task 1 Identifying Device Files Task 2 Adding a New Disk or Tape Device Task 3 - Working With Disks and Partitions on SPARC Systems Task 4 - Working With Disks and Partitions on x86/x64 Systems Managing Solaris OS ufs File Systems Objectives Introducing Solaris OS File Systems Disk-Based File Systems Distributed File Systems Pseudo File Systems Creating a New ufs File System Viewing the Solaris OS ufs File System Partition Tables and Reserved Space ufs File System Structures Using the newfs Command Checking the File System Using the fsck Command Data Inconsistencies Checked by the fsck Command Superblock Consistency Cylinder Group Block Consistency Inode Consistency Data Block Consistency The lost+found Directory Noninteractive Mode Interactive Mode Resolving File System Inconsistencies Reconnecting an Allocated Unreferenced File Adjusting a Link Counter Salvaging the Free List Using Backup Superblocks Monitoring File System Use Using the df Command Using the du Command ix

8 Using the quot Command Using the Solaris Management Console Usage Tool Exercise: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems Task Performing Mounts and Unmounts Objectives Working With Mounting Basics Determining Which File Systems Are Currently Mounted 4-4 Mounting a File System Automatically Introducing the Virtual File System Table: /etc/vfstab Introducing the /etc/mnttab File System Table Performing Mounts Mounting a Local File System Manually Using the mount Command Options Mounting All File Systems Manually Mounting a New File System Mounting Different Types of File Systems Performing Unmounts Unmounting a File System Unmounting All File Systems Unmounting a Busy File System Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails on a SPARC System Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails on an x86/x64 System 4-23 Accessing Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs, or DVDs Using the Volume Management Service Restricting Access to Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs, or DVDs4-28 Stopping Volume Management (vold) Troubleshooting Volume Management Service Problems4-28 Accessing a Diskette, CD-ROM, or DVD Without the Volume Management Service Using the mount Command Exercise: Mounting File Systems Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Mounting File Systems Task Solaris 10 Operating System Installation Requirements x System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System, Part 1

9 Objectives Identifying Fundamentals of Solaris OS Installations Solaris 10 OS Installation and Upgrade Options Solaris OS Installation Using the GUI Solaris OS Installation Using the CLI Custom JumpStart Installation Solaris Flash Archive Installation Solaris WAN Boot Standard Upgrade to the Solaris OS Solaris Live Upgrade Software Hardware Requirements for Solaris 10 OS Installation Software Components of the Solaris OS Solaris OS Software Groups Installing the Solaris 10 OS From a CD-ROM or DVD Pre-Installation Information Installation and Secure by Default Simulation: Solaris 10 Operating System Installation Requirements 5-16 Performing Solaris 10 OS Package Administration Objectives Introducing the Fundamentals of Package Administration Software Packages The /var/sadm/install/contents File Package Formats Administering Packages From the Command Line Translating Package Formats Displaying Information About Installed Software Packages Adding a Software Package Checking a Package Installation Removing a Software Package Adding Packages by Using a Spool Directory Streaming One or More Packages Reviewing Package Administration Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Manipulating Software Packages Task Managing Software Patches on the Solaris 10 OS Objectives Preparing for Patch Administration Introducing Solaris OS Patches Accessing Patches and Patch Information xi

10 Accessing Patches Using SunSolve Accessing Patch Documents Downloading Patches Using SunSolve Checking Patch Levels Preparing Patches for Installation Installing and Removing Patches Installing a Patch Removing a Patch Installing Patch Clusters The smpatch Utility Exercise: Maintaining Patches Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Maintaining Patches Task Using Boot PROM Commands Objectives Introducing Boot PROM Fundamentals Goal of the OpenBoot Architecture Standard Boot PROM System Configuration Information Disabling the Abort Sequence Displaying POST to the Serial Port Using Basic Boot PROM Commands Identifying the System Boot PROM Version Booting the System Accessing More Detailed Information Listing NVRAM Parameters Changing NVRAM Parameters Restoring Default NVRAM Parameters Displaying Devices Connected to the System Identifying the System s Boot Device The show-devs Command The devalias Command Creating and Removing Custom Device Aliases The nvalias Command The nvunalias Command Viewing and Changing NVRAM Parameters From the OS Using the eeprom Command Interrupting an Unresponsive System Aborting an Unresponsive System Exercise: Using Boot PROM Commands Preparation Task xii System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System, Part 1

11 Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Using Boot PROM Commands Task Using the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) Objectives Introduction to GRUB GRUB Terminology GRUB-Based Booting How GRUB-Based Booting Works GRUB Device Naming Conventions Functional Components of GRUB The GRUB Menu Modifying x86 System Boot Behavior in the Solaris OS How to Set Solaris Boot Parameters Using the eeprom Command Modifying the Solaris Boot Behavior Using the kernel Command GRUB Boot Archives Managing the Primary Boot Archive Booting a System in the GRUB-Based Boot Environment How to Boot a System to Run Level 3 (Multiuser Level) How to Boot a System to Run Level S (Single-User Level) How to Boot a System Interactively How to Stop an x86 System for Recovery Purposes How to Boot the Failsafe Archive for Recovery Purposes 9-23 Interrupting an Unresponsive System Aborting an Unresponsive System Exercise: Using GRUB Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Using GRUB Task Performing Boot and Shutdown Procedures Objectives Legacy Boot and Shutdown Versus Service Management Facility (SMF) SMF Features Identifying the Phases of the Boot Process SPARC Boot PROM Phase SPARC Boot Programs Phase x86/x64 Boot PROM Phase x86/x64 Boot Programs Phase The kernel Initialization Phase xiii

12 The /etc/system File and Kernel Configuration The init Phase Legacy Run Level Fundamentals Determining a System s Current Run Level Changing Run Levels Controlling Legacy Boot Processes The /sbin Directory The /etc/rc#.d Directories Start Run Control Scripts Stop Run Control Scripts The /etc/init.d Directory The Service Management Facility (SMF) SMF Service Service Identifiers Service States Milestones The svc.startd Daemon The Service Configuration Repository The Service Repository Database Stopping and Starting Services Using SMF Commands Using svcs to Determine Why Services are Not Running Creating New Service Scripts Secure By Default Installation and Secure by Default Custom Configurations Limited Networking Profile Opening Selected Services Performing System Shutdown Procedures The /usr/sbin/init Command The /usr/sbin/shutdown Command Ungraceful Shutdown Commands Exercise: Managing Boot and Shutdown Procedures Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Managing Boot and Shutdown Procedures Task Performing User Administration Objectives Introducing User Administration Main Components of a User Account System Files That Store User Account Information Managing User Accounts xiv System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System, Part 1

13 Introducing Command-Line Tools Creating a User Account Modifying a User Account Deleting a User Account Creating a Group Entry Modifying a Group Entry Deleting a Group Entry Using the Solaris Management Console Users Tool Troubleshooting Login Issues Managing Initialization Files Introducing System-Wide Initialization Files Introducing User Initialization Files Customizing the User s Work Environment Exercise: Adding User and Group Accounts Preparation Task 1 Disabling the Solaris OS Registration Window Task 2 Adding Group Entries Task 3 Adding User Accounts Task 4 Examining Configuration Files Task 5 Establishing Password Aging Task 6 Modifying User Accounts and Group Entries Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Adding User and Group Accounts Task 1 Disabling the Solaris OS Registration Window Task 2 Adding Group Entries Task 3 Adding User Accounts Task 4 Examining Configuration Files Task 5 Establishing Password Aging Task 6 Modifying User Accounts and Group Entries Exercise: Modifying Initialization Files Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Modifying Initialization Files Task Introducing System Security Objectives Monitoring System Access Displaying Users on the Local System Displaying Users on Remote Systems Displaying User Information Displaying a Record of Login Activity Recording Failed Login Attempts Switching Users on a System Introducing the su Command xv

14 Switching to Another Regular User Becoming the root User Monitoring su Attempts Controlling System Access The /etc/default/login File File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Access The /etc/hosts.equiv and $HOME/.rhosts Files The /etc/hosts.equiv File Rules The $HOME/.rhosts File Rules Restricting Access to Data in Files Determining a User s Group Membership Identifying a User Account Changing File and Directory Ownership Changing File and Directory Group Membership Using File Permissions Exercise: User Access Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: User Access Task Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Restricting Access to Data on Systems Configuring and Using Printer Services Objectives Introducing Network Printing Fundamentals Raster Image Processor (RIP) PostScript Printer Description (PPD) Print Management Tools Client-Server Model Types of Printer Configurations Basic Functions of the Solaris OS LP Print Service LP Print Service Directory Structure Print Requests From the Network Solaris OS Printing Process Configuring Printer Services Using the Solaris OS Print Manager Configuring a New Network Printer Administering Printer Services Setting the System s Default Printer Removing a Client s Printer Configuration Removing a Server s Printer Configuration xvi System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System, Part 1

15 Starting and Stopping the LP Print Service Starting the LP Print Service Stopping the LP Print Service Specifying a Destination Printer Using the lp Command Using the lpr Command Using the LP Print Service Accepting Print Jobs Rejecting Print Jobs Enabling Printers Disabling Printers Moving Print Jobs Exercise: Using the LP Print Service Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Using the LP Print Service Task Controlling System Processes Objectives Viewing System Processes Using the CDE Process Manager Using the prstat Command Using the Solaris Management Console Process Tool Killing Frozen Processes Using the kill and pkill Commands Performing a Remote Login Suspending and Terminating Processes With SMC Scheduling an Automatic One-Time Execution of a Command Using the at Command Controlling Access to the at Command Scheduling an Automatic Recurring Execution of a Command Introducing the crontab File Format Using the crontab Command Controlling Access to the crontab Command Using the Solaris Management Console Job Scheduler Tool Exercise: Using Process Control Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Using Process Control Task xvii

16 Performing File System Backups Objectives Introducing the Fundamentals of Backups Importance of Routine File System Backups Tape Media Types Tape Drive Naming Tape Drive Control Strategies for Scheduled Backups The /etc/dumpdates File Backing Up an Unmounted File System The ufsdump Command Options for the ufsdump Command Tape Backups Remote Backups to a Tape Backups to Disk Exercise: Backing Up a File System to Tape Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Backing Up a File System to Tape Task Exercise: Backing Up a File System to an Extra Disk Drive Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Backing Up a File System to an Extra Disk Drive Task Performing File System Restores Objectives Restoring a ufs File System Restoring a Regular File System Restoring the /usr File System Performing a Special Case Recovery of the / (root) File System on a SPARC System Performing a Special Case Recovery of the / (root) File System on an x86/x64 System Invoking an Interactive Restore Performing an Incremental Restore Exercise: Restoring Files and File Systems Preparation Exercise Summary Task 1- Back Up the root (/) File System to Tape Task 2 - Back up the / (root) File System to a File on Disk xviii System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System, Part 1

17 Task 3 Restore the /etc/inet/hosts File From Tape or From a File on Disk Task 4 Destroy and Restore the Root(/) File System Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Restoring Files and File Systems Task 1- Back Up the root (/) File System to Tape Task 2 - Back up the / (root) File System to a File on Disk Task 3 Restore the /etc/inet/hosts File From Tape or From a File on Disk Task 4 Destroy and Restore the Root(/) File System Backing Up a Mounted File System With a UFS Snapshot Objectives Creating a UFS Snapshot Using the fssnap Command Limiting the Size of the Backing-Store File Displaying Information for a ufs File System Snapshot Backing Up the UFS Snapshot File Performing a Backup of a UFS Snapshot Performing an Incremental Backup Using a UFS Snapshot Restoring Data From a UFS Snapshot Backup Deleting a UFS Snapshot Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots Preparation Task Exercise Summary Exercise Solutions: Working With UFS Snapshots Task xix

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