Web Site Design and Development Lecture 9. CS 0134 Fall 2018 Tues and Thurs 1:00 2:15PM
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1 Web Site Design and Development Lecture 9 CS 0134 Fall 2018 Tues and Thurs 1:00 2:15PM
2 Floating elements on a web page By default block elements fll the page from top to bottom and inline elements fll the page from left to right You can override this for all block elements and some inline elements, like img, by using the CSS foat property When you use foat, the following content will wrap around the foated element 2
3 foat The foat property specifes if an element should be foated to the left or right of the following content foat will accept the keywords left or right to foat the element to the left or right respectively In order to foat an element, you will have to set it s width unless it is an img element. img has a default width that is based on the width of the image Example foat: left; 3
4 clear The clear property stops the wrapping of an element s content around a foated element. Clear will accept the keywords left, right, both or none. Left will clear if the foated element is foated left, right for right, and both for left and right. None is the default and says to not clear any foating. Example clear: both; 4
5 Questions? 5
6 Using foat for columns header {width: 960px;} aside { width:200px; foat:left; } main { width: 760px; foat: rihht; } footer {width: 960px; clear: both} 6
7 Using foat for columns header {width: 960px;} aside { width: 150px; foat: left; } main { width: 660px; foat: left; } aside { width: 150px; foat: rihht; } footer {width: 960px; clear: both} 7
8 Using foat for columns header {width: 80%;}.col { width: 25%; foat: left; }.col { width: 25%; foat: left; }.col { width: 25%; foat: left; }.col { width: 25%; foat: left; } footer {width: 80%; clear: both} 8
9 Multiple elements foating to the same side As you saw in the previous 2 examples, multiple elements can be foated the same side In situations like this, the elements will show up in the order in which they appear in the HTML document If you only have two elements, like the frst example, with one to the left and one to the right, the order of the elements in the HTML document does not matter 9
10 Let s try! 10
11 Text columns with CSS3 CSS3 introduced four new properties that allow a block of text to be split into columns like you would see in a newspaper These properties are column-count column-hap column-rule column-span 11
12 column-count The column-count property sets how many columns that your text should be divided into column-count will accept either an number of columns or auto. Auto is the default and will divide the contents based on other properties Example column-count: 3; column-count: auto; 12
13 column-gap The column-gap property is the space between columns Column-gap will accept either an absolute or relative value or the keyword normal. Normal sets the gap to the browser s default Example column-hap: 1.5em; column-hap: normal; 13
14 column-rule The shorthand property column-rule specifes a border that goes in the middle of the column-gap The format for column-rule is (uses values like border): column-rule: [width] style [color]; Example column-rule: double; column-rule: 2px solid; column-rule: 4px double black; 14
15 column-span The column-span property specifes that an element should span across it s parent s columns. Column-span will accept the keywords all or none to specify that the element should span across all columns or none respectively This does not currently work in Firefox Example column-span: all; 15
16 Let s try! 16
17 Explicitly positioning elements In addition to foating elements, you can explicitly position them using the position property alongside the top, bottom, left, right and z-index properties 17
18 position The position property specifes the type of positioning to be used Position will accept the following keywords static: elements are placed top to bottom for block elements and left to rihht for inline. This is the default absolute: element is placed relative to it s closest ancestor that is also explicitly positioned fxed: element is placed relative to the browser window relative: element is placed relative to its normal position 18
19 top, bottom, left and right The top, bottom, left and right properties specify the position of the element when using fxed, absolute or relative positioning fxed and absolute positioninh: top, bottom, left and rihht specify how far from the top, bottom, left and rihht an element should be with relation to either the browser window or the positioned ancestor for fxed and absolute respectively relative positioninh: top, bottom, left and rihht specify how much to ofset the default position of the element in each direction 19
20 top, bottom, left and right continued top, bottom, left and right accept absolute and relative values Typically, you will give the positioned element a width and/or height and use a subset of top, bottom, left and right You can specify top, bottom, left and right and leave of width and height and the browser will adjust the width and height to fll the required space 20
21 Top, bottom, left and right examples top: 15px; left: 20%; bottom: 0; right: 2em; 21
22 z-index The z-index property sets where an element should be in a stack of elements. As you work with position, you will end up with elements that cover other elements, z-index is used to help sort these stacks of elements out. z-index will accept positive and negative numbers as well as auto. Elements with higher numbers are put in front of elements with lower numbers. Auto will use the z-index of the parent element, this is the default. Examples z-index: -1; z-index: 1000; 22
23 Let s try! 23
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