INTRODUCTION TO CSS. Topics MODULE 5

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1 MODULE 5 INTRODUCTION TO CSS Topics > Cascading Style Sheets (CSS3) Basics Adding a Style Sheet Selectors Adding Dynamic Styles to Elements CSS3 Properties CSS3 Box Model Vendor Prefixes

$syntax: selector { property_one:$ value_one; property_two: value_two; >

2 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) > CSS rule syntax: selector { property_one: value_one; property_two: value_two; > Applying a style: selector /* Comments in a style sheet */ h1 { background-color: white; color: red; property value new line semicolon Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) > Overriding a rule: h1 { background-color: red!important;

3 1. Inline style: Adding CSS to HTML <h1 style="color:red;">the Next Big Conference for Front-End Developers</h1> 2. Embedded style: <head> <style> h1 { color: red; </style> </head> Adding CSS to HTML 3. Adding a style sheet: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>the Next Big Front-End Conference</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" /> <script src="code.js"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html> url(style.css); </style>

4 Selectors 1. Element type selectors: p { color: blue; font-size: 1.4em; Multiple selectors: p, h2 { text-transform: capitalize; Child selectors: aside p { color: pink; Only those <p> descendants of <aside> 2. Class selectors:.copyright { font-size: smaller; Multiple classes:.copyright.user-groups { font-size: smaller; 3. ID selectors: Selectors #section-1 { color: green;

5 Combinators > Universal selectors: * { color: blue; > Descendant selector: #section-2 p { font-weight: bold; > Child selectors: #section-2 > article > header > h1 { color: red; Combinators > Adjacent sibling selectors: h1 + p { color: purple; > General sibling selector: header ~ p { color: orange;

6 > Syntax: Attribute Selectors E[attr] E[attr=val] > Example of attribute: input[required] { background-color: yellow; > Example of attribute value: input[type=" "] { border: 1px dashed black; > Syntax: E[attr^=val] E[attr*=val] E[attr$=val] Attribute Selectors // Starts with // Contains // Ends with > Starts with example: a[href^="#section-"] { color: red; > Contains an example: a[href*="tion-"] { color: orange;

7 Pseudo-Class Selectors Pseudo-class :link :visited :hover :active :focus :enabled :checked Matches Any link that the user has not visited yet Any visited link A link as the user passes the cursor over it An element being activated by the user An element that has the focus Any element in enabled state Radio option or check box in selected state Pseudo-Class Selectors Pseudo-class :target :first-child :last-child :nth-child(n) :nth-of-type(n) :root :not Matches Target elements The first child of an element The last child of an element The n child of an element The n child of a particular type, of its parent The element that is the root of the document An element not represented by its argument

8 Pseudo-Element Selectors Pseudo-Element ::first-line ::first-letter ::before ::after Matches The first line of a given element The first letter of an element Add content preceding a given element Add generated content after an element Adding Dynamic Styles to Elements > On hover: input[type=submit]:hover { cursor: pointer; > On focus: input[type=text]:focus { background-color: lightyellow; > On active: a:active { font-size:150%;

9 CSS3 Properties: Fonts generic font family p { font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, { font-family: "my paragraphtext"; src: url(webfont.woff) format("woff"), url(webfont.ttf) format("truetype"); p { font-size: 12px; font-family: "my paragraphtext", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; generic font family > RGB Color: CSS3 Properties: Colors p { color: #800000; // or color: maroon; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); // in functional notation color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 0.5);// rgb with transparency > HSL: Try this code in JSConsole. p { color: hsl(0, 100%, 25%); // maroon color: hsla(0, 100%, 25%, 0.5); // maroon with // transparency

10 CSS Box Model The Box top left border content Text margin right padding bottom CSS Box Model

11 Display, Alignment, and Position float: right; float: left; Example: Box Model > Use the JSConsole web application and run the following example to change some CSS properties for an element on the web page. > Time Limit: 5 minutes Try this section in JSConsole.

12 Vendor Prefixes Prefix Browser Examples -ms- Microsoft.mySelector { -moz-border-image:url(border.png) repeat; /* Firefox */ -moz- Mozilla -webkit-border-image:url(border.png) repeat; /* Safari */ -o- Opera -o-border-image:url(border.png) repeat; /* Opera */ -webkit- Safari and Chrome border-image:url(border.png) repeat;

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

CSS Cascading Style Sheets site root index.html about.html services.html stylesheet.css images boris.jpg Types of CSS External Internal Inline External CSS An external style sheet is a text document with