XML Extensible Markup Language
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- Silvester Davidson
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1 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
2 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. No predefined tags, but a syntax similar to HTML. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
3 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. No predefined tags, but a syntax similar to HTML. Applications: Web services, business transactions DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
4 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. No predefined tags, but a syntax similar to HTML. Applications: Web services, business transactions XHTML HTML on XML syntax DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
5 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. No predefined tags, but a syntax similar to HTML. Applications: Web services, business transactions XHTML HTML on XML syntax The graphics format SVG DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
6 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. No predefined tags, but a syntax similar to HTML. Applications: Web services, business transactions XHTML HTML on XML syntax The graphics format SVG Configuration files DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
7 XML Extensible Markup Language Generic format for structured representation of data. No predefined tags, but a syntax similar to HTML. Applications: Web services, business transactions XHTML HTML on XML syntax The graphics format SVG Configuration files Much more... DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
8 Strengths XML DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
9 Strengths XML Open standard from W3C DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
10 XML Strengths Open standard from W3C Simple text format, easy to parse DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
11 XML Strengths Open standard from W3C Simple text format, easy to parse Supported by numerous vendors and platforms DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
12 XML Strengths Open standard from W3C Simple text format, easy to parse Supported by numerous vendors and platforms Excellent for transactions between different systems DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
13 XML Strengths Open standard from W3C Simple text format, easy to parse Supported by numerous vendors and platforms Excellent for transactions between different systems Structure allows for search DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
14 XML Strengths Open standard from W3C Simple text format, easy to parse Supported by numerous vendors and platforms Excellent for transactions between different systems Structure allows for search Facilitates separation between content and presentation DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
15 Example XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <pricelist> <item> <name>pears</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> <item> <name>apples</name> <price>19.90</price> </item> </pricelist> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
16 Form XML DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
17 Form XML The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
18 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
19 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. Thereafter exactly one XML element on the outermost level. (Pricelist in the example.) DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
20 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. Thereafter exactly one XML element on the outermost level. (Pricelist in the example.) End tags required. (Compare with <p> in HTML.) Special case: An empty element may be abbreviated: <a></a> becomes <a/>. (<a /> also allowed.) DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
21 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. Thereafter exactly one XML element on the outermost level. (Pricelist in the example.) End tags required. (Compare with <p> in HTML.) Special case: An empty element may be abbreviated: <a></a> becomes <a/>. (<a /> also allowed.) Correct nesting required. <a><bbb></a></bbb> never allowed. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
22 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. Thereafter exactly one XML element on the outermost level. (Pricelist in the example.) End tags required. (Compare with <p> in HTML.) Special case: An empty element may be abbreviated: <a></a> becomes <a/>. (<a /> also allowed.) Correct nesting required. <a><bbb></a></bbb> never allowed. Attribute values must be between quote marks. Example (SVG): <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="5" />. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
23 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. Thereafter exactly one XML element on the outermost level. (Pricelist in the example.) End tags required. (Compare with <p> in HTML.) Special case: An empty element may be abbreviated: <a></a> becomes <a/>. (<a /> also allowed.) Correct nesting required. <a><bbb></a></bbb> never allowed. Attribute values must be between quote marks. Example (SVG): <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="5" />. As in HTML, entities are used for some characters. Example: < for < (Starts a tag otherwise). DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
24 XML Form The XML declaration first, perhaps stating the file encoding. For example one of <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> More declarations may follow. Thereafter exactly one XML element on the outermost level. (Pricelist in the example.) End tags required. (Compare with <p> in HTML.) Special case: An empty element may be abbreviated: <a></a> becomes <a/>. (<a /> also allowed.) Correct nesting required. <a><bbb></a></bbb> never allowed. Attribute values must be between quote marks. Example (SVG): <circle cx="10" cy="10" r="5" />. As in HTML, entities are used for some characters. Example: < for < (Starts a tag otherwise). A well-formed document follows the syntactic rules. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
25 XML Specifying valid content Different applications expect different content in their XML files. Several techniques to specify valid content: DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
26 XML Specifying valid content Different applications expect different content in their XML files. Several techniques to specify valid content: DTD (document type definition). W3C s first standard. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
27 XML Specifying valid content Different applications expect different content in their XML files. Several techniques to specify valid content: DTD (document type definition). W3C s first standard. XML schemas. W3C s follow-up standard with data types and name spaces. Rich but complicated. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
28 XML Specifying valid content Different applications expect different content in their XML files. Several techniques to specify valid content: DTD (document type definition). W3C s first standard. XML schemas. W3C s follow-up standard with data types and name spaces. Rich but complicated. Several private initiatives, including well-supported Relax NG. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
29 XML Specifying valid content Different applications expect different content in their XML files. Several techniques to specify valid content: DTD (document type definition). W3C s first standard. XML schemas. W3C s follow-up standard with data types and name spaces. Rich but complicated. Several private initiatives, including well-supported Relax NG. An instance document is valid if it satisfies a specification. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
30 XML Document Type Definition DTD for the pricelist example <!ELEMENT pricelist (item*)> <!ELEMENT item (name, price)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
31 XML Document Type Definition DTD for the pricelist example <!ELEMENT pricelist (item*)> <!ELEMENT item (name, price)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> A pricelist element contains any number of item elements. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
32 XML Document Type Definition DTD for the pricelist example <!ELEMENT pricelist (item*)> <!ELEMENT item (name, price)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> A pricelist element contains any number of item elements. An item element contains one name and one price element. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
33 XML Document Type Definition DTD for the pricelist example <!ELEMENT pricelist (item*)> <!ELEMENT item (name, price)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> A pricelist element contains any number of item elements. An item element contains one name and one price element. The name and price elements consist of parsed character data. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
34 XML Document Type Definition DTD for the pricelist example <!ELEMENT pricelist (item*)> <!ELEMENT item (name, price)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)> A pricelist element contains any number of item elements. An item element contains one name and one price element. The name and price elements consist of parsed character data. Reference to external DTD in instance document: <!DOCTYPE pricelist SYSTEM "pricelist.dtd"> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
35 Schemas XML XML schemas offer more flexibility than DTDs. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
36 XML Schemas XML schemas offer more flexibility than DTDs. Data types are supported, with several built-in types such as String types Numeric types Types for date and time DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
37 XML Schemas XML schemas offer more flexibility than DTDs. Data types are supported, with several built-in types such as String types Numeric types Types for date and time Minimum and maximum values may be specified, sets may be enumerated, etc. Unlike DTDs, schemas are themselves defined in XML. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
38 Name spaces XML You may need to combine parts from different schemas. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
39 Name spaces XML You may need to combine parts from different schemas. Together with schemas, name spaces were introduced to avoid name conflicts. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
40 Name spaces XML You may need to combine parts from different schemas. Together with schemas, name spaces were introduced to avoid name conflicts. A name space is identified with a URL, and used with an arbitrary prefix. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
41 Name spaces XML You may need to combine parts from different schemas. Together with schemas, name spaces were introduced to avoid name conflicts. A name space is identified with a URL, and used with an arbitrary prefix. Note! The URL only serves as a name. There is no requirement on content. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
42 XML Example, name spaces <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" </ica:pricelist> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
43 XML Example, name spaces <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" </ica:pricelist> Here, xmlns stands for XML name space. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
44 XML Example, name spaces <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" </ica:pricelist> Here, xmlns stands for XML name space. Defining a default namespace (no prefix): <pricelist xmlns=" </pricelist> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
45 XML Schema for the pricelist element (1/3) The first part of the schema: <?xml version="1.0"?> <schema xmlns=" xmlns:ica=" targetnamespace=" elementformdefault="unqualified">... DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
46 XML Schema for the pricelist element (2/3)... <element name="pricelist"> <complextype> <sequence> <element name="item" type="ica:item" minoccurs="0" maxoccurs="unbounded"> </element> </sequence> </complextype> </element>... DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
47 XML Schema for the pricelist element (3/3)... <complextype name="item"> <sequence> <element name="name" type="string" /> <element name="price" type="string" /> </sequence> </complextype> </schema> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
48 XML Comments to the schema With xmlns=" we choose as default name space W3C s schema for schema definition. From there we use the elements schema, element, complextype and sequence, and the type string. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
49 XML Comments to the schema With xmlns=" we choose as default name space W3C s schema for schema definition. From there we use the elements schema, element, complextype and sequence, and the type string. With targetnamespace=" we define the name space of the new pricelist element, as well as the type item. To access this type ourselves, we also had to define the ica prefix. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
50 XML Comments to the schema With xmlns=" we choose as default name space W3C s schema for schema definition. From there we use the elements schema, element, complextype and sequence, and the type string. With targetnamespace=" we define the name space of the new pricelist element, as well as the type item. To access this type ourselves, we also had to define the ica prefix. Regarding elementformdefault="unqualified", see the next slide, and DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
51 Using the schema XML Refer like this in the instance document: <?xml version="1.0"?> <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" <item> <name>pears</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> </ica:pricelist> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
52 Using the schema XML Refer like this in the instance document: <?xml version="1.0"?> <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" <item> <name>pears</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> </ica:pricelist> Note. Only pricelist is name space qualified. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
53 Using the schema XML Refer like this in the instance document: <?xml version="1.0"?> <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" <item> <name>pears</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> </ica:pricelist> Note. Only pricelist is name space qualified. With elementformdefault="qualified" all elements would have needed qualification. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
54 Best Practices XML A schema for an organization should perhaps DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
55 XML Best Practices A schema for an organization should perhaps work smoothly with other schemas DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
56 XML Best Practices A schema for an organization should perhaps work smoothly with other schemas allow updating without making old instance document invalid DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
57 XML Best Practices A schema for an organization should perhaps work smoothly with other schemas allow updating without making old instance document invalid allow instance documents to contain extra information DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
58 XML Best Practices A schema for an organization should perhaps work smoothly with other schemas allow updating without making old instance document invalid allow instance documents to contain extra information This is not easy to attain. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
59 XML Best Practices A schema for an organization should perhaps work smoothly with other schemas allow updating without making old instance document invalid allow instance documents to contain extra information This is not easy to attain. See advice at DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
60 Relax NG XML A simpler schema definition language than that from W3C. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
61 XML Relax NG A simpler schema definition language than that from W3C. Has become an ISO standard (ISO/IEC ) in sept DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
62 XML Relax NG A simpler schema definition language than that from W3C. Has become an ISO standard (ISO/IEC ) in sept Two syntaxes: Compact Syntax and an XML syntax. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
63 XML Relax NG A simpler schema definition language than that from W3C. Has become an ISO standard (ISO/IEC ) in sept Two syntaxes: Compact Syntax and an XML syntax. See links at the end of DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
64 Schema with Relax NG Compact Syntax XML namespace ica = " element ica:pricelist { element item { element name {text}, element price {text} }* } DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
65 Schema with Relax NG Compact Syntax XML namespace ica = " element ica:pricelist { element item { element name {text}, element price {text} }* } The compact form may be translated to the XML form with the java program trang. See DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
66 XML Schema with Relax NG XML Syntax <?xml version="1.0"?> <element name="ica:pricelist" xmlns:ica=" xmlns=" <zeroormore> <element name="item"> <element name="name"> <text /> </element> <element name="price"> <text /> </element> </element> </zeroormore> </element> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
67 Validation XML On Unix/Linux xmllint --noout file check for validity, only show errors DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
68 Validation XML On Unix/Linux xmllint --noout file check for validity, only show errors --dtdvalid validate against external DTD DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
69 Validation XML On Unix/Linux xmllint --noout file check for validity, only show errors --dtdvalid --schema validate against external DTD validate against W3C-schema DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
70 Validation XML On Unix/Linux xmllint --noout file check for validity, only show errors --dtdvalid --schema --relaxng validate against external DTD validate against W3C-schema validate against Relax NG schema DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
71 Validation XML On Unix/Linux xmllint --noout file check for validity, only show errors --dtdvalid --schema --relaxng validate against external DTD validate against W3C-schema validate against Relax NG schema Web pages such as DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
72 The parse tree XML <pricelist> <item> <name>pear</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> <item> <name>apple</name> <price>19.90</price> </item> <pricelist> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
73 The parse tree XML <pricelist> <item> <name>pear</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> <item> <name>apple</name> <price>19.90</price> </item> <pricelist> name pricelist item item price name price DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
74 XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language For presentation of XML documents. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
75 XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language For presentation of XML documents. Compare with HTML, which conveys presentational structure by itself. Additional style information may be put in a stylesheet. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
76 XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language For presentation of XML documents. Compare with HTML, which conveys presentational structure by itself. Additional style information may be put in a stylesheet. XML says nothing about presentation. So XSL has three different components: DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
77 XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language For presentation of XML documents. Compare with HTML, which conveys presentational structure by itself. Additional style information may be put in a stylesheet. XML says nothing about presentation. So XSL has three different components: XSLT (XSL Transformation) selects elements in the XML file. Can sort, perform tests, etc. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
78 XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language For presentation of XML documents. Compare with HTML, which conveys presentational structure by itself. Additional style information may be put in a stylesheet. XML says nothing about presentation. So XSL has three different components: XSLT (XSL Transformation) selects elements in the XML file. Can sort, perform tests, etc. XPath syntax for positioning in the XML tree. Similar to path notation in a file system. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
79 XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language For presentation of XML documents. Compare with HTML, which conveys presentational structure by itself. Additional style information may be put in a stylesheet. XML says nothing about presentation. So XSL has three different components: XSLT (XSL Transformation) selects elements in the XML file. Can sort, perform tests, etc. XPath syntax for positioning in the XML tree. Similar to path notation in a file system. XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects) Page formatting. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
80 XSL Example on XSLT and XPath <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl=" xmlns:ica=" <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <tr><th>item</th><th>price</th></tr> <xsl:for-each select="ica:pricelist/item"> <tr><td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
81 XSL Comments on the XSLT example <xsl:template match="/"> says that the template should start matching from the root of the XML tree. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
82 XSL Comments on the XSLT example <xsl:template match="/"> says that the template should start matching from the root of the XML tree. For each item in pricelist we then create a row in an HTML table. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
83 XSL Comments on the XSLT example <xsl:template match="/"> says that the template should start matching from the root of the XML tree. For each item in pricelist we then create a row in an HTML table. The row will contain the name and the price of the item. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
84 Referring to the stylesheet(s) in the XML file <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="pricelist.xsl"?> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
85 Referring to the stylesheet(s) in the XML file <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="pricelist.xsl"?> <ica:pricelist xmlns:ica=" <item> <name>pears</name> <price>12.90</price> </item> <item> <name>apples</name> <price>19.90</price> </item> </ica:pricelist> See the result on DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
86 XSL Tip XML Put the files in your public_html directory and view them in a web browser the normal way ( DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
87 XSL Tip XML Put the files in your public_html directory and view them in a web browser the normal way ( The browser depends on the MIME-type that the server sends in the HTTP heading. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
88 XSL Tip XML Put the files in your public_html directory and view them in a web browser the normal way ( The browser depends on the MIME-type that the server sends in the HTTP heading. With Open File this information is not obtained. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
89 DOM Document Object Model DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
90 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
91 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
92 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. Methods such as DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
93 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. Methods such as documentelement returns the root node DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
94 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. Methods such as documentelement returns the root node childnodes returns all children of a node DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
95 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. Methods such as documentelement returns the root node childnodes returns all children of a node attributes returns all attributes of a node DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
96 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. Methods such as documentelement returns the root node childnodes returns all children of a node attributes returns all attributes of a node nodetype, nodevalue, etc. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
97 DOM Document Object Model W3C object oriented APIs for XML documents. Access and change a document via the DOM parse tree. Methods such as documentelement returns the root node childnodes returns all children of a node attributes returns all attributes of a node nodetype, nodevalue, etc. removechild, appendchild, etc. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
98 in Java XML JAXP Java API for XML Processing: a common interface to DOM, SAX, and XSLT. SAX: Simple API for XML Processes an XML file while reading through it Fast, memory efficient More complicated than DOM DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
99 in Java XML JAXP Java API for XML Processing: a common interface to DOM, SAX, and XSLT. SAX: Simple API for XML Processes an XML file while reading through it Fast, memory efficient More complicated than DOM Many other APIs: JDOM, DOM4J other DOM implementations JAXB converts XML into classes, and vice versa JAXM, JAX-RPC for asynchronous and synchronous messaging DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
100 DOM in JAXP XML import javax.xml.parsers.*; import org.w3c.dom.document; // Reads an XML file into a DOM structure. // Usage: java DomExample filename public class DomExample { public static void main(string argv[]) throws Exception { DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newdocumentbuilder(); Document document = builder.parse(argv[0]); // Explore the document here. } } DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
101 Web services XML Applications available over a network via standard protocols. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
102 Web services XML Applications available over a network via standard protocols. Client-server, as well as peer-to-peer. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
103 Web services XML Applications available over a network via standard protocols. Client-server, as well as peer-to-peer. Typical traditional web service: HTML content, down-loadable with the HTTP protocol. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
104 Web services XML Applications available over a network via standard protocols. Client-server, as well as peer-to-peer. Typical traditional web service: HTML content, down-loadable with the HTTP protocol. New web services: composed of distributed parts that are linked dynamically to run seamlessly. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
105 Web services XML Applications available over a network via standard protocols. Client-server, as well as peer-to-peer. Typical traditional web service: HTML content, down-loadable with the HTTP protocol. New web services: composed of distributed parts that are linked dynamically to run seamlessly. XML plays a key role. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
106 Protocols for new web services DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
107 Protocols for new web services SOAP encodes and transmits messages between programs on the web. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
108 Protocols for new web services SOAP encodes and transmits messages between programs on the web. WSDL (Web Services Description Language) XML format to describe web services (operations, messages, types etc). DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
109 Protocols for new web services SOAP encodes and transmits messages between programs on the web. WSDL (Web Services Description Language) XML format to describe web services (operations, messages, types etc). UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) Protocol for distributed registries over web services. Company information like name, category and services. Uses WSDL and SOAP. A program should automatically be able to find and use the services it needs. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
110 SOAP XML Simple Object Access Protocol (a misnomer, not really object oriented). DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
111 SOAP XML Simple Object Access Protocol (a misnomer, not really object oriented). Smaller and simpler to implement than earlier distributed protocols, which did not become so wide spread. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
112 SOAP XML Simple Object Access Protocol (a misnomer, not really object oriented). Smaller and simpler to implement than earlier distributed protocols, which did not become so wide spread. Allows programs written in different languages and running on different platforms to communicate. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
113 The SOAP format XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:envelope xmlns:soap=" soap:encodingstyle=" <soap:header>... </soap:header> <soap:body>... </soap:body> </soap:envelope> DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
114 Use of SOAP XML The Body element contains the message in XML. Two common cases are document-style for arbitrary documents, and RPC-Style for function calls. The Body element may also contain a Fault element to describe that a fault has occurred. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
115 Use of SOAP XML The Body element contains the message in XML. Two common cases are document-style for arbitrary documents, and RPC-Style for function calls. The Body element may also contain a Fault element to describe that a fault has occurred. The Header element is optional, and intended for instructions to intermediaries on the way to the message destination. Intermediaries may add information, verify payment, etc. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
116 Use of SOAP XML The Body element contains the message in XML. Two common cases are document-style for arbitrary documents, and RPC-Style for function calls. The Body element may also contain a Fault element to describe that a fault has occurred. The Header element is optional, and intended for instructions to intermediaries on the way to the message destination. Intermediaries may add information, verify payment, etc. SOAP is normally sent over HTTP, but other transport protocols (even ) can be used. DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
117 Summary XML We have looked at the XML syntax Three ways to specify allowed elements: DTDs, XML schemas and Relax NG Name Spaces XSL for presentation XML support in Java SOAP, WSDL and UDDI for flexible web services DD1335 (Lecture 9) Basic Internet Programming Spring / 34
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