Mysteries of Auto Layout, Part 1
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- Esmond Gilbert
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1 App Frameworks #WWDC15 Mysteries of Auto Layout, Part 1 Session 218 Jason Yao Interface Builder Engineer Kasia Wawer ios Keyboards Engineer 2015 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Redistribution or public display not permitted without written permission from Apple.
2 Auto Layout
3 Auto Layout
4 Getting Started with Auto Layout? See previous WWDC sessions on
5 Outline Part 1 Morning Maintainable Layouts Changing Constraints View Sizing Self-Sizing Table View Cells Priorities Alignment Part 2 Afternoon The Layout Cycle Legacy Layout Constraint Creation Constraining Negative Space Unsatisfiable Constraints Resolving Ambiguity
6 Outline Part 1 Morning Maintainable Layouts Changing Constraints View Sizing Self-Sizing Table View Cells Priorities Alignment Part 2 Afternoon The Layout Cycle Legacy Layout Constraint Creation Constraining Negative Space Unsatisfiable Constraints Resolving Ambiguity
7 Maintainable Layouts Mystery #1
8 Constraints Spacing and alignment Mysteries of Auto Layout
9 Constraints Spacing and alignment Mysteries of Auto Layout Mysteries of Auto Layout
10
11 Many Constraints
12 Stack View UIStackView (ios 9) and NSStackView (OS X 10.9) stackstacktest Build stackstacktest: Succeeded Today at 3:05
13 Stack View
14 Stack View Built with Auto Layout
15 Stack View Built with Auto Layout Manages constraints
16 Stack View Built with Auto Layout Manages constraints Horizontal or vertical
17 Stack View Alignment
18 Stack View Alignment
19 Stack View Distribution
20
21 Demo Stack View in Interface Builder
22 Animate // ios 9 UIView.animateWithDuration(1.0) { () -> Void in self.subviewtohide.hidden =!self.subviewtohide.hidden }
23 Animate // ios 9 UIView.animateWithDuration(1.0) { () -> Void in self.subviewtohide.hidden =!self.subviewtohide.hidden }
24 Animate // ios 9 UIView.animateWithDuration(1.0) { self.subviewtohide.hidden =!self.subviewtohide.hidden } // OS X NSAnimationContext.runAnimationGroup({ context in context.duration = 1.0 self.subviewtohide.animator().hidden =!self.subviewtohide.hidden }, completionhandler: nil)
25 API // ios 9 class UIStackView { var axis:uilayoutconstraintaxis var distribution:uistackviewdistribution var alignment:uistackviewalignment var spacing:cgfloat func addarrangedsubview(view: UIView) var arrangedsubviews:[uiview] } // OS X class NSStackView { var orientation:nsuserinterfaceorientation var distribution:nsstackviewdistribution var alignment:nslayoutattribute var spacing:cgfloat func addarrangedsubview(view: NSView) var arrangedsubviews:[nsview] }
26 API // ios 9 class UIStackView { var axis:uilayoutconstraintaxis var distribution:uistackviewdistribution var alignment:uistackviewalignment var spacing:cgfloat func addarrangedsubview(view: UIView) var arrangedsubviews:[uiview] } // OS X class NSStackView { var orientation:nsuserinterfaceorientation var distribution:nsstackviewdistribution var alignment:nslayoutattribute var spacing:cgfloat func addarrangedsubview(view: NSView) var arrangedsubviews:[nsview] }
27 Stack View in Interface Builder
28 Stack View in Interface Builder Easy to build
29 Stack View in Interface Builder Easy to build Easy to maintain
30 Stack View in Interface Builder Easy to build Easy to maintain Composable Stack Views
31 Stack View in Interface Builder Easy to build Easy to maintain Composable Stack Views Lightweight
32 Before and After Before, many constraints
33 Before and After After, four constraints with Stack View
34 Start with Stack View, use constraints as needed
35 Feeding the Layout Engine Mysteries of Auto Layout, part 1 Kasia Wawer ios Keyboards Engineer
36 Getting from Constraints to Layout Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Explicit constraints
37 Getting from Constraints to Layout Views Constraints in IB??? Constraints in VFL Explicit constraints
38 Getting from Constraints to Layout Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL??? Your Layout Explicit constraints
39 Getting from Constraints to Layout Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL??? Your Layout? Explicit constraints
40 Getting from Constraints to Layout???
41 Getting from Constraints to Layout???
42 Changing Constraints Mystery #2
43 Activate and Deactivate
44 Activate and Deactivate Constraints find their own container
45 Activate and Deactivate Constraints find their own container Adds constraints efficiently
46 Activate and Deactivate Constraints find their own container Adds constraints efficiently Do not need to own all views
47 Activate and Deactivate
48 Activate and Deactivate Add and remove
49 Activate and Deactivate Activate and deactivate
50 Things to Keep in Mind
51 Things to Keep in Mind Never deactivate self.view.constraints
52 Things to Keep in Mind Never deactivate self.view.constraints Not all of those constraints belong to you
53 Things to Keep in Mind Never deactivate self.view.constraints Not all of those constraints belong to you Weird things will happen
54 Things to Keep in Mind Never deactivate self.view.constraints Not all of those constraints belong to you Weird things will happen Just don t do it!
55 Things to Keep in Mind Never deactivate self.view.constraints Not all of those constraints belong to you Weird things will happen Just don t do it! Keep references to constraints that change
56 Demo Changing constraints
57 Changing Constraints
58 Changing Constraints Never deactivate self.view.constraints
59 Changing Constraints Never deactivate self.view.constraints Keep references to constraints
60 Changing Constraints Never deactivate self.view.constraints Keep references to constraints Animate changing constraints with view animation
61 Building the Layout Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints
62 View Sizing Mystery #3
63 View Size Intrinsic content size Content size Label text Content size
64 View Size Intrinsic content size Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize For instance labels and image views Content size Label text Content size
65 View Size Intrinsic content size Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize For instance labels and image views Size derived from non-constraint internals Content size Label text Content size
66 View Size Intrinsic content size Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize For instance labels and image views Size derived from non-constraint internals Content size Label text System makes the size constraints Content size
67 View Size Intrinsic content size Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize For instance labels and image views Size derived from non-constraint internals Content size Label text System makes the size constraints Layout size is not guaranteed Content size
68 View Size Defining a particular view size
69 View Size Defining a particular view size Use constraints first
70 View Size Defining a particular view size Use constraints first Override intrinsiccontentsize for specific reasons
71 View Size Defining a particular view size Use constraints first Override intrinsiccontentsize for specific reasons If size information does not come from constraints
72 View Size Defining a particular view size Use constraints first Override intrinsiccontentsize for specific reasons If size information does not come from constraints If view has custom drawing (sometimes)
73 View Size Defining a particular view size Use constraints first Override intrinsiccontentsize for specific reasons If size information does not come from constraints If view has custom drawing (sometimes) You will be responsible for invalidating
74 View Size Defining a particular view size Use constraints first Override intrinsiccontentsize for specific reasons If size information does not come from constraints If view has custom drawing (sometimes) You will be responsible for invalidating Size can change with size class changes
75 Example
76 Example widthconstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: imageview, attribute:.width, relatedby:.equal, toitem: self.view, attribute:.width, multiplier: 0.75, constant: 0.0) Width Proportion
77 Example widthconstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: imageview, attribute:.width, relatedby:.equal, toitem: self.view, attribute:.width, multiplier: 0.75, constant: 0.0) Width Proportion
78 Example widthconstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: imageview, attribute:.width, relatedby:.equal, toitem: self.view, attribute:.width, multiplier: 0.75, constant: 0.0) Height Proportion heightconstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: imageview, attribute:.height, relatedby:.equal, toitem: imageview, attribute:.width, multiplier: 1.5, constant: 0.0)
79 Example widthconstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: imageview, attribute:.width, relatedby:.equal, toitem: self.view, attribute:.width, multiplier: 0.75, constant: 0.0) Height Proportion heightconstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: imageview, attribute:.height, relatedby:.equal, toitem: imageview, attribute:.width, multiplier: 1.5, constant: 0.0)
80 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Mystery #4
81 Self-Sizing Table View Cells
82 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints
83 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints Width is defined with table view cells
84 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints Width is defined with table view cells Constraints must determine height
85 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints Width is defined with table view cells Constraints must determine height Take advantage of proportions
86 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints Width is defined with table view cells Constraints must determine height Take advantage of proportions
87 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints Width is defined with table view cells Constraints must determine height Take advantage of proportions
88 Self-Sizing Table View Cells Self-sizing needs size from constraints Width is defined with table view cells Constraints must determine height Take advantage of proportions
89 Demo Self-sizing Table View Cells
90 View Sizing
91 View Sizing Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize
92 View Sizing Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize Constraints should define size when possible
93 View Sizing Certain views have an intrinsiccontentsize Constraints should define size when possible For self-sizing views, define size fully in constraints
94 Building the Layout Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints
95 Building the Layout Sizing constraints Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints
96 Building the Layout Sizing constraints Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints intrinsiccontentsize
97 Priorities Mystery #5
98 Ambiguity Why does it happen?
99 Ambiguity Why does it happen? More than one layout solution
100 Ambiguity Why does it happen? More than one layout solution Not enough constraints
101 Ambiguity Why does it happen? More than one layout solution Not enough constraints
102 Ambiguity Why does it happen? More than one layout solution Not enough constraints
103 Ambiguity Why does it happen? More than one layout solution Not enough constraints Equal, non-required priorities
104 Ambiguity Why does it happen? More than one layout solution Not enough constraints Equal, non-required priorities The engine makes a choice
105 Constraint Priorities
106 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from
107 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from Required is 1000 DefaultHigh is 750 DefaultLow is 250
108 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from Required is -[image]- -[image]-[caption(==image@751)]- " DefaultHigh is 750 DefaultLow is 250
109 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from Required is -[image]- -[image]-[caption(==image@751)]- " DefaultHigh is 750 DefaultLow is 250
110 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from Required is -[image]- -[image]-[caption(==image@751)]- " DefaultHigh is 750 DefaultLow is 250 widthconstraint.priority = UILayoutPriorityDefaultHigh + 10;
111 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from Required is -[image]- -[image]-[caption(==image@751)]- " DefaultHigh is 750 DefaultLow is 250 Highest priority wins widthconstraint.priority = UILayoutPriorityDefaultHigh + 10;
112 Constraint Priorities Priorities go from Required is -[image]- -[image]-[caption(==image@751)]- " DefaultHigh is 750 DefaultLow is 250 Highest priority wins System uses some priorities Set around, not equal to widthconstraint.priority = UILayoutPriorityDefaultHigh + 10;
113 Content Priorities
114 Content Priorities How a view handles its content
115 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints
116 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity
117 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
118 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
119 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
120 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
121 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
122 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
123 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
124 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
125 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Content hugging priorities Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity answer send answer Types Content hugging
126 Content Priorities How a view handles its content By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity Types Content hugging Compression resistance
127 Content Priorities How a view handles its content Compression resistance priorities By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity red Types Content hugging Compression resistance
128 Content Priorities How a view handles its content Compression resistance priorities By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity czerw Types Content hugging Compression resistance
129 Content Priorities How a view handles its content Compression resistance priorities By default, these are not set as required Do not set as required Can cause unsatisfiable constraints Equal priorities can cause ambiguity czerwony Types Content hugging Compression resistance
130 Priorities
131 Priorities Can help keep constraints from unsatisfiability
132 Priorities Can help keep constraints from unsatisfiability But look out for competing priorities!
133 Priorities Can help keep constraints from unsatisfiability But look out for competing priorities! Results are more consistent
134 Priorities Can help keep constraints from unsatisfiability But look out for competing priorities! Results are more consistent Use content priorities to get to the right layout
135 Priorities Can help keep constraints from unsatisfiability But look out for competing priorities! Results are more consistent Use content priorities to get to the right layout Hugging priorities hug content
136 Priorities Can help keep constraints from unsatisfiability But look out for competing priorities! Results are more consistent Use content priorities to get to the right layout Hugging priorities hug content Compression resistance resists squishing
137 Building the Layout Sizing constraints Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints intrinsiccontentsize
138 Building the Layout Sizing constraints Constraint priorities Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints intrinsiccontentsize
139 Building the Layout Constraint priorities Content priorities Sizing constraints Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints intrinsiccontentsize
140 Alignment Mystery #6
141 Aligning Baselines
142 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline
143 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom
144 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views
145 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views Label aligned to button by bottom Button
146 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views Label aligned to button by bottom Add second line of text and a third while we re at it Button
147 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views Label aligned to button by bottom Add second line of text and a third while we re at it Button
148 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views Label aligned to button by bottom Add second line of text and a third while we re at it Button
149 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views Label aligned to button by bottom Add second line of text and a third while we re at it Button
150 Aligning Baselines Use firstbaseline and lastbaseline Aligns text better than top or bottom Better control over changing views Label aligned to button by bottom Button Add second line of text and a third while we re at it
151 Leading and Trailing One of the best photos I took on the trip. I love how the water looks like mist! Rate: Add comment
152 Leading and Trailing Use leading/trailing instead of left/right Helps with prep for localization One of the best photos I took on the trip. I love how the water looks like mist! Rate: Add comment
153 Leading and Trailing Tied to left and right Use leading/trailing instead of left/right Helps with prep for localization یکی از بهترین عکس.هایی که در سفر گرفتم حالت آب را که شبیه مه!است خیلی دوست دارم پیشنهاد دهید :امتیاز
154 Leading and Trailing Tied Tied to leading to left and right trailing Use leading/trailing instead of left/right Helps with prep for localization یکی از یکی از بهترین بهترین عکس عکس هایی که.هاییدر که در سفر سفر گرفتم. گرفتم حالت آب حالت را که آب را که شبیه مه شبیه مه!استاست خیلی خیلی دوست دوست دارم دارم! امتیاز: پیشنهاد دهید
155 Alignment Rects Tap to choose character
156 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Tap to choose character
157 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Tap to choose character
158 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Tap to choose character
159 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Tap to choose character
160 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Override alignmentrectinsets if needed Tap to choose character
161 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Override alignmentrectinsets if needed Find out the calculated rects Tap to choose character
162 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Override alignmentrectinsets if needed Find out the calculated rects Use Show Alignment Rectangles in Debug menu
163 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Override alignmentrectinsets if needed Find out the calculated rects Use Show Alignment Rectangles in Debug menu
164 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Override alignmentrectinsets if needed Find out the calculated rects Use Show Alignment Rectangles in Debug menu Get using alignmentrectforframe:
165 Alignment Rects Usually (not always) same as frame Includes the critical content only Does not change when view is transformed Override alignmentrectinsets if needed Find out the calculated rects Use Show Alignment Rectangles in Debug menu Get using alignmentrectforframe: More in Part 2
166 Alignment
167 Alignment First and last baseline for better aligned text
168 Alignment First and last baseline for better aligned text Leading and trailing instead of left and right
169 Alignment First and last baseline for better aligned text Leading and trailing instead of left and right Override alignmentrectinsets to adjust alignment rects
170 Building the Layout Constraint priorities Content priorities Sizing constraints Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Layout Engine Explicit constraints intrinsiccontentsize
171 Building the Layout Constraint priorities Content priorities Sizing constraints Views Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Explicit constraints Layout Engine Horizontal alignment Vertical alignment Baseline alignment intrinsiccontentsize
172 Building the Layout Constraint priorities Content priorities Sizing constraints Views Alignment rect insets Constraints in IB Constraints in VFL Explicit constraints Layout Engine Horizontal alignment Vertical alignment Baseline alignment intrinsiccontentsize
173 Building the Layout Layout Engine
174 Building the Layout Layout Engine
175 Building the Layout Layout Engine Alignment The Engine rects
176 Building the Layout Layout Engine Alignment The Engine rects Your Layout
177 Building the Layout Your Layout
178 Summary
179 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts
180 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts Use activate and deactivate for constraints
181 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts Use activate and deactivate for constraints Determine size through constraints
182 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts Use activate and deactivate for constraints Determine size through constraints Override intrinsiccontentsize judiciously
183 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts Use activate and deactivate for constraints Determine size through constraints Override intrinsiccontentsize judiciously Use priorities to properly solve your layout
184 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts Use activate and deactivate for constraints Determine size through constraints Override intrinsiccontentsize judiciously Use priorities to properly solve your layout Alignment goes beyond top, bottom, and center
185 Summary Stack Views help build easily maintainable layouts Use activate and deactivate for constraints Determine size through constraints Override intrinsiccontentsize judiciously Use priorities to properly solve your layout Alignment goes beyond top, bottom, and center Keep localization in mind
186 More Information Documentation and Videos Swift Language Documentation Sample Code AstroLayout prerelease/ios/samplecode/astrolayout Technical Support Apple Developer Forums General Inquiries Paul Marcos, App Frameworks Evangelist
187 Related Sessions Mysteries of Auto Layout, Part 2 Presidio Thursday 1:30PM What s New in Cocoa Presidio Tuesday 1:30PM What s New in UIKit Dynamics and Visual Effects Mission Friday 10:00AM Cocoa Touch Best Practices Presidio Friday 1:30PM What s New in Internationalization Pacific Heights Friday 9:00AM New UIKit Support for International User Interfaces Nob Hill Thursday 2:30PM
188 Labs Interface Builder and Auto Layout Lab Developer Tools Lab C Thursday 2:30PM
189
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