AI for Smart Cities Workshop AI*IA th Year Anniversary XIII Conference Turin (Italy), December 5, 2013

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1 Fedelucio Narducci*, Matteo Palmonari*, Giovanni Semeraro *DISCO, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy!!"#$%&' "!('' #&&!))'*'''''''''''''''''' $!+),$#-./#%,$'' +!)!#+&0'1+,23'45$6,$.,'7!--,8' 093:;;<<<=>.=2$.(#=.6;?)<#3'' AI for Smart Cities Workshop AI*IA th Year Anniversary XIII Conference Turin (Italy), December 5, 2013

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3 A large amount of Open Government Data in many languages*: o 1,000,000+ datasets published online (February 2013) o 40 different countries o 24 different languages * 3

4 Government service catalogs are part of the LOD cloud o Effective Service Delivery (ESD)-toolkit o European Local Government Service List (LGSL) interlinked public services in 6 languages 4

5 Advantages for PAs o Compare local service offerings with best practices in other countries o Support interoperability among PAs of different countries and other service providers o Enrich service descriptions with additional information via links to LGSL (e.g., link to life event ontologies) Advantages for citizens o Find egov services when in a foreign country o Towards cross-language service access Costly and Error Prone Activity Catalogs of several hundreds of services 5

6 ! sameas links Semantic heterogeneity o o not a mere translation problem cultural bias Ultra-short descriptions Challenging cross-language matching problem Most of the approaches: use structural information [Spohr et al. 2011, Fu et al. 2011, Wang et al. 2009] or long textual descriptions [Knoth et al. 2011] or report problems when automatic translation returns descriptions with heterogeneous vocabulary [Hertling & Paulheim 2012] 6

7 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) TRY 7

8 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) 8

9 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in Load a catalog English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) 9

10 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in Load a catalog English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Select a source service Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) 10

11 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in Load a catalog English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Select a source service Look at the retrieved services (link recommendations) Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) 11

12 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in Load a catalog English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Select a source service Look at the retrieved services (link recommendations) Link SKOS broader / exact / narrower match Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) 12

13 CroSeR o A tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English o Based on automatic translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis Web tool to support the linkage of a source egov service catalog represented in any language to a target catalog represented in English Based on Machine Translation and Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) 13

14 Machine Translation of Service Descriptions Extraction of ESA-based representations and indexing (Vector Space Model) Top-k Service Retrieval by Cosine Similarity 14

15 15 Technique able to provide a fine-grained semantic representation of natural language texts in a high-dimensional space of comprehensible concepts derived from Wikipedia [GM06] A,+->' A.E.3!>.#'F.!<!>'#)'#$'%&'%(%)*'G' #'&,--!&%,$',H'?+,'&,$&!36)' C#$!' D,$>#' B)-#$>' [GM06] E. Gabrilovich and S. Markovitch. Overcoming the Brittleness Bottleneck using Wikipedia: Enhancing Text Categorization with Encyclopedic Knowledge. In Proceedings of the 21th National Conf. on Artificial Intelligence and the 18th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, pages AAAI Press,

16 CroSeR finds matchings that cannot be discovered by machine translation + keyword comparison CroSeR s recommendations can support the users to refine the links GT: Absentee Ballot 16

17 Model and Experimental 2013 o F. Narducci, M. Palmonari, G. Semeraro. Cross-Language Semantic Retrieval and Linking of E-Gov Services."The Semantic Web - ISWC th International Semantic Web Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 21-25, 2013, LNCS 8219, , Springer, 2013 System 2014 o F. Narducci, M. Palmonari, G. Semeraro. CroSeR: Cross-language Semantic Retrieval of Open Government."36 th European Conference on Information Retrieval, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, April 13-16, To Appear 17

18 ECIR 2014 live demo: 18