Common Number Systems

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2 Common Number Systems System Base Symbols Used by humans? Used in computers? Decimal 10 0, 1, 9 Yes No Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes Octal 8 0, 1, 7 No No Hexadecimal 16 0, 1, 9, A, B, F No No

3 Quantities/Counting (1 of 3) Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal p. 33

4 Quantities/Counting (2 of 3) Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal A B C D E F

5 Quantities/Counting (3 of 3) Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal Etc.

6 Conversion Among Bases The possibilities: Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal pp

7 Quick Example = = 31 8 = Base

8 Binary to Decimal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

9 Binary to Decimal Technique Multiply each bit by 2 n, where n is the weight of the bit The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right Add the results

10 Example Bit => 1 x 2 0 = 1 1 x 2 1 = 2 0 x 2 2 = 0 1 x 2 3 = 8 0 x 2 4 = 0 1 x 2 5 =

11 Octal to Decimal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

12 Octal to Decimal Technique Multiply each bit by 8 n, where n is the weight of the bit The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right Add the results

13 Example => 4 x 8 0 = 4 2 x 8 1 = 16 7 x 8 2 =

14 Hexadecimal to Decimal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

15 Hexadecimal to Decimal Technique Multiply each bit by 16 n, where n is the weight of the bit The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right Add the results

16 Example ABC 16 => C x 16 0 = 12 x 1 = 12 B x 16 1 = 11 x 16 = 176 A x 16 2 = 10 x 256 =

17 Decimal to Binary Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

18 Example =? =

19 Octal to Binary Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

20 Octal to Binary Technique Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary representation =?

21 Hexadecimal to Binary Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

22 Hexadecimal to Binary Technique Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent binary representation 10AF 16 =? A F AF 16 =

23 Decimal to Octal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

24 Decimal to Octal Technique Divide by 8 Keep track of the remainder

25 Example =? =

26 Decimal to Hexadecimal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

27 Technique Divide by 16 Keep track of the remainder Example =? = D = 4D2 16

28 Binary to Octal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

29 Binary to Octal Technique Group bits in threes, starting on right Convert to octal digits =? =

30 Binary to Hexadecimal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

31 Binary to Hexadecimal Technique Group bits in fours, starting on right Convert to hexadecimal digits =? = 2BB 16 2 B B

32 Octal to Hexadecimal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

33 Octal to Hexadecimal Technique Use binary as an intermediary =? = 23E E

34 Hexadecimal to Octal Decimal Octal Binary Hexadecimal

35 Hexadecimal to Octal Technique Use binary as an intermediary 1F0C 16 =? 8 1 F 0 C F0C 16 =

36 Exercise Convert... Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal 1AF Don t use a calculator!

37 Exercise Convert Answer Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal C AF

38 Common Powers (1 of 2) Base 10 Power Preface Symbol pico p 10-9 nano n 10-6 micro 10-3 milli m 10 3 kilo k 10 6 mega M 10 9 giga G tera T Value

39 Common Powers (2 of 2) Base 2 Power Preface Symbol 2 10 kilo k 2 20 mega M 2 30 Giga G Value In computing, particularly w.r.t. memory, the base-2 interpretation generally applies

40 Binary Addition (1 of 2) Two 1-bit values A B A + B two

41 Binary Addition (2 of 2) Two n-bit values Add individual bits Propagate carries E.g.,

42 Multiplication (1 of 3) Decimal (just for fun) 35 x pp. 39

43 Multiplication (2 of 3) Binary, two 1-bit values A B A B

44 Multiplication (3 of 3) Binary, two n-bit values As with decimal values E.g., 1110 x

45 Fractions Decimal to decimal (just for fun) 3.14 => 4 x 10-2 = x 10-1 = x 10 0 = pp

46 Fractions Binary to decimal => 1 x 2-4 = x 2-3 = x 2-2 = x 2-1 = x 2 0 = x 2 1 = pp

47 Fractions Decimal to binary x x x x x x etc. p. 50

48 Exercise Convert... Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal C.82 Don t use a calculator!

49 Exercise Convert Answer Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal D.CC D C C.82

50 Thank you

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