Distribution Management System Open++ Opera v.3.2. User Manual

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1 Distribution Management System Open++ Opera v.3.2

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3 1MRS MUM Issued: Version: B/ Checked: MK Approved: PV Open++ Opera v.3.2 We reserve the right to change data without prior notice Contents Page 1 About This Manual Notices Open++ Opera Documents How to Use This Manual Introduction General Introduction Starting OperaWS Starting OperaWS Modes of OperaWS Modes of OperaWS Updating Network Data and Switching State Updating Network Data Updating Normal Switching State Online Help Online Help User Interface General Contents of the User Interface

4 Open++ Opera v.3.2 Contents 1MRS MUM 7.3 Network Data Information in the Network Windows Network Diagrams Station and Control Pictures and Internal Station Diagrams Component Data Presentation Symbol Legend and Line Colors Used Notes Settings of Workstations General Network View Settings General Language of the User Interface Fonts of the User Interface Local Settings Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes Code Text Color Settings Network Coloring Limits Network Analysis Settings Meshed Network Analysis Settings Fault Location Parameters The Outlook of Background Maps The Storage Location of Background Maps Topology management Topology management Network Topology Monitoring Trace Functions Management of Switching State Switching Devices Connected to MicroSCADA Switching Devices Not Connected to MicroSCADA Network Analysis Network Analysis... 52

5 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v.3.2 Contents 10.2 Monitoring of the Electrical State of the Network Protection Relay Load Curve Measurements Simulation of Network State Changing of Switching State Changing of Relay Settings Changing of Network Analysis Settings Load Estimation Fault Management General Fault Location Fault Isolation and Restoration Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration Manual Fault Management Management of On-Site Readable Fault Detector State Archiving of the Fault Data Fault Location Simulation Switching Planning General about Switching Planning Outage Planning Modifying, Simulating and Executing the Switching Plan Reconfiguration General Field Crew Management Field Crew Management Customer Service General

6 Open++ Opera v.3.2 Contents 1MRS MUM 16 Database Analysis Database Analysis Graphical Queries in Open++ Opera Graphical Restriction of the Query Focus Document Archive Document Archive Map Printing Map Printing Glossary of Terms Index

7 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v About This Manual 1 About This Manual 1.1 Notices Notice 1 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by ABB. ABB assumes no responsibility for any error that may occur in this document. Notice 2 This document complies with the program revision v. 3.2 Notice Open++ Opera Documents The following documents are associated with Open++ Opera: Administrator Manual Installation Manual System Description MicroSCADA Integration Manual 1MRS MUM 1MRS MUM 1MRS MUM 1MRS MUM 1MRS MUM Microsoft, MS Access and MS Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. 1.3 How to Use This Manual All the functions needed by the everyday user of the Open++ Opera distribution management system (available in OperaWS) are described in this User manual. A general description of Open++ Opera is given in the System Description. Installation of Open++ Opera is described in the Installation Manual. Initialization of the system functions needed by the administrator (available in OperaSA and OperaNE) is described in the Administrator Manual. The MicroSCADA Integration Manual accounts for the tasks made with LIB 500 Opera Interface Package in the MicroSCADA environment. The manner in which functions are presented in all manuals is described below: 5

8 Open++ Opera v About This Manual 1MRS MUM Menu commands are presented in bold text, for example View. Submenu commands are separated from main menu commands with =>, for example View => Coloring => Topology by Feeders. Command buttons are also presented in bold text, for example Close. The fields, list boxes, option buttons (i.e. boxes) and check boxes in dialog boxes are shown as bold texts. The right mouse button is used for special functions, which are shown in cursive text in this manual. Toolbar buttons which have the same functions as menu commands are shown opposite the command text in the manuals, for example View => Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers. 6

9 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Introduction 2 Introduction 2.1 General Introduction Open++ Opera is a geographical distribution network management system (DMS). The software extends traditional MicroSCADA capabilities by providing geographically based network views and advanced functions. The software has been designed to assist the operation's personnel of electric companies in monitoring and operating their networks. Both raster and vector based maps can be used as backgrounds for the network window. It is also possible to create and use schematic network views, instead of geographically based network presentations and maps. The software runs on PCs using the MS Windows NT operating systems, both in separate workstations or workstations connected to a fileserver. The saving of network and process data is made with MS Access database management software. The graphics-based user interface of Open++ Opera is unambiguous and the standard Windows look and feel, together with online help, makes it easy to learn. The Open++ Opera system consists of three programs from the user s point of view: Opera Network Editor (OperaNE), Opera Server Application (OperaSA), and Opera Workstation (OperaWS). The architecture of the Open++ Opera system is described in more detail in the System Description. Opera Workstation (OperaWS) is a program for distribution network topology management. The program contains functions such as network analysis, fault location, switching planning, field crew management, load estimation, database analysis, document archive and map printing. The functional content of the system depends on the licenses and definition of optional functions during installation of the system (For more information about installing Open++ Opera, see the Installation Manual and the Administrator Manual). The network analysis includes power flow and fault current calculations together with protection analysis and operational simulations. The fault location is based on fault distance calculation and fault detector data. The basis of OperaWS is a distribution network database managed by OperaNE and real time process data from MicroSCADA via OperaSA. Control actions occurs mostly in the monitor window of MicroSCADA opened from OperaWS. Important phases in implementation of Open++ Opera are the creation of a network database and the integration of Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA. Other initialization tasks like initialization of background maps, defining symbols and system settings is made in OperaNE, which is a tool of the administrator. The implementation of Open++ Opera and the functions of OperaNE are presented in the Administrator Manual. The MicroSCADA Integration Manual accounts for the tasks of the integration made in the MicroSCADA environment. This describes the properties of all OperaWS functions by supposing that all licenses and optional functions are included and there are no authority restrictions (For more information about licenses and optional functions, see the Installation Manual and the Administrator Manual. The absence of some license or optional function removes or makes those functions unavailable from the user interface. First, the user interface of OperaWS is described. Topology management is 7

10 Open++ Opera v Introduction 1MRS MUM the main function and is described in Chapter "Topology management" on page 46. The methods of a network analysis are described in the System Description. The settings, performance and use of network analysis are described in Chapter "Network Analysis" on page 52 of this manual. The functions of the fault location are described in Chapter "Fault Management" on page 63. Also, switching planning, reconfiguration, field crew management, load estimation, document library and map printing are introduced in Chapters "Switching Planning" on page 83, "Reconfiguration" on page 88, "Field Crew Management" on page 91, "Load Estimation" on page 61, "Document Archive" on page 99 and "Map Printing" on page 101. The queries to the database can be done in Open++ Opera. MS Access queries and creating new queries are functions of the administrator and the tasks are described in the Administrator Manual. Execution of saved graphical queries and the printing of network maps and diagrams are supported both in OperaNE and OperaWS. These functions are described in Chapter "Database Analysis" on page 95. 8

11 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Starting OperaWS 3 Starting OperaWS 3.1 Starting OperaWS OperaWS is normally started from MicroSCADA by clicking the Open++ Opera => OperaWS command. The authorization of the user logged onto MicroSCADA is then checked (For more information about user authorization, see the Administrator Manual and the MicroSCADA Integration Manual.). OperaWS can also be started by double clicking the OperaWS icon or file name OPERAWS.EXE in file manager program. In that case the integration to MicroSCADA is defective. During the start up process from MicroSCADA, OperaWS: 1 Tests the connection to the primary fileserver. In the case of a disconnection from the primary fileserver, the option of trying to connect to a secondary fileserver is presented. If the secondary fileserver connection is also not available, OperaWS is quitted. 2 Tests the connection to the MicroSCADA system. If the connection is OK, OperaWS reads the real time status of the switches (from the Opera database) obtained from MicroSCADA via OperaSA. If the connection to MicroSCADA is not in use, a message is displayed and the last states of the switches are read from the Opera database. While disconnected, changes in the states of the switches are saved to the Opera database. After reconnecting to MicroSCADA, the real time states of the switches are obtained by OperaSA. 3 Loads the distribution network data from the binary network file and the temporary network data from the temporary network file. 4 Creates a distribution network topology from the distribution network data, temporary network data and the state of the switches. 5 Performs a network analysis of the present network topology. 6 Represents the distribution network, colored according to the switching state of the feeders in the main network window and according to the voltage drops in the auxiliary network window (the default views can be changed during projecting). 7 Checks for and announces if any new fault has occurred while disconnected. If new unrepaired faults are found, OperaWS asks if the faults should be displayed on the screen. Upon completing start up, OperaWS is in its basic mode, which is the State Monitoring Mode. During the Simulation Mode or Switching Planning Mode, the Esc key returns OperaWS to this mode. OperaWS automatically opens a MicroSCADA monitor after a connection has been made between Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA. 9

12 Open++ Opera v Modes of OperaWS 1MRS MUM 4 Modes of OperaWS 4.1 Modes of OperaWS OperaWS operates in three different modes: The State Monitoring Mode enables network topology monitoring, network analysis, and fault location with the real time network data (also contains possible temporary networks) and switch states. The management of real time switch states is normally made via OperaSA from MicroSCADA. The management can also be made manually during disconnection from MicroSCADA. In the State Monitoring Mode OperaWS displays the date and time in the third pane of the status bar. If the connection to MicroSCADA is broken, a blinking text OFFLINE is displayed in the third pane of the status bar. The Simulation Mode enables network analysis with the switches in a simulated state, with modified relay data or with modified or forecasted load data, and fault location with simulated fault data. In the Simulation Mode, OperaWS is not connected to process through MicroSCADA and time is not displayed in the third pane of status bar. However, a blinking text Simulation is displayed in the second pane of status bar. The Switching Planning Mode enables the planning of a switching sequence during the fault or maintenance outage. During the Switching Planning Mode a blinking text Switching Planning is displayed in the second pane of the status bar. The Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode enables the defined OperaWS workstation to automatically locate, isolate and restore the fault. Upon completion of the start up process, OperaWS is in the State Monitoring Mode. Clicking the Analyze => Simulation command changes OperaWS to a Simulation Mode. Return to the State Monitoring Mode is made by canceling the selection of the Analyze => Back to State Monitoring command or automatically after a fault appears. OperaWS automatically changes to the Switching Planning Mode after selecting the switching planning function via one of the commands Operations => Create Sequence, Operations => New Switching Plan or Operations => Open Switching Plan. A return to the State Monitoring Mode occurs by clicking the Operations => Stop Planning command or by closing the switching planning dialog box. OperaWS uses station diagrams for the management of station data in all modes. Both internal station diagrams and MicroSCADA station and control pictures are used in OperaWS. In all modes, internal station diagrams can be seen on the network window when zooming close enough to a station. 10

13 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Modes of OperaWS In the State Monitoring Mode and the Switching Planning Mode the MicroSCADA station or control picture is opened by selecting the Diagram command from the shortcut menu after clicking the right mouse button on the station or the object with an integrated MicroSCADA picture (For more information about integration network objects and MicroSCADA pictures, see the Administrator Manual). The View => Station Diagram command can also be used to open the MicroSCADA station picture window. Other defined MicroSCADA pictures, not just station and control pictures, (for example alarms, events) can also be opened with the File => Scada Pictures command (For more information about definition of MicroSCADA pictures, see the Administrator Manual). In the Simulation Mode and during simulation in the Switching Planning Mode, the Open++ Opera internal station diagrams are used instead of MicroSCADA pictures. After clicking the Diagram command from the shortcut menu opened by clicking on the right mouse button on the station, the internal station diagram window opens. Also, the View => Station Diagram command opens the internal station diagram window. These diagrams are used for managing the data of station components and for simulation purposes. 11

14 Open++ Opera v Updating Network Data and Switching State 1MRS MUM 5 Updating Network Data and Switching State 5.1 Updating Network Data When starting up, OperaWS reads network data from the binary network file of the fileserver. Correspondingly, the temporary network data is read. OperaNE can be used to update network data (also temporary network data), while instances of OperaWS are running. OperaNE updates the binary network file and the temporary network file in fileserver from the user input. At the same time it also sends message to all instances of OperaWS about the new network data. New network data can be updated right away by accepting the suggestion in the message window or later by using the File => Refresh Network Data. 5.2 Updating Normal Switching State When starting up, OperaWS reads the real time status of the switches (from the Opera database) obtained from MicroSCADA via OperaSA. If the connection to MicroSCADA is not in use, a message is displayed and the last states of the switches are read from the Opera database. The switching state is used to present the distribution network topology. During start up, OperaWS reads also the saved normal switching state data from the file. The View => Show => Abnormal Switching States commands shows the switches, which are in different state, using the defined symbol. The File => Save as Normal State command is used to update the existing switching state to the user-defined normal switching state file. At the same time the message is sent to all instances of OperaWS about the new data. New switching state data is automatically updated right away. 12

15 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Online Help 6 Online Help 6.1 Online Help OperaWS has an online help resource. The Help command contains the following functions: The Contents and Index command starts the help program (Figure 1). The Help navigator contains four tabs: Contents shows the contents of the OperaWS help, Index shows the index list of the OperaWS help, Find enables the full text search and Favorites enables the defining of the favorite pages. The What's This? command changes the pointer into a question mark and after the user clicks the place on the screen, a help window about the chosen function pops up. The About Open++ Opera command opens the window, which shows data about the Open++ Opera version. This command also prints the license information to the alarms list. Figure 1. OperaWS HTML help Online help can also be found by: Pressing the F1 key, then the help program shows the help window of the active function of the program. 13

16 Open++ Opera v Online Help 1MRS MUM Clicking Help in some dialog boxes, then the help program shows the help window of the appropriate dialog box. The user interface of the help program window contains the navigator, toolbar and the text and picture window. The shortcut menu opens with the right mouse button. 14

17 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface 7 User Interface 7.1 General The most important tasks of the user interface in OperaWS are: To represent the network topology and the results of the network analysis and fault location efficiently and unambiguously to the user. To make easy management of the system functions possible. Data is represented in dialog boxes, graphics-based network windows and diagrams, geographic maps, and colors. Functions are selected from mouse and keyboardcontrolled menus and submenus or from toolbar buttons. The dialog boxes contain scrolling bars, list boxes, check boxes, option buttons, command buttons, and other elements from the MS Windows NT user interface. The right mouse button has special functions, which are shown in cursive text in this manual. If the pointer is held for a moment over a toolbar button, a description of the function pops up near the button. At the same time, text describing the function is displayed on the status bar. By clicking with the right mouse button over the main network window displays a shortcut (pop-up) menu. The menu content depends on the position of the mouse. If position is outside the range of locating network components, menu contains only Previous Zoom option. 7.2 Contents of the User Interface The user interface of OperaWS consists of title bar, menu, toolbar, status bar, and main and auxiliary network windows showing the distribution network. The toolbar can be hidden with the Window => Toolbar command. The Window => Arrange Windows command arranges the windows back to their preset places. 15

18 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM Figure 2. The OperaWS user interface OperaWS represents the distribution network in two network windows (Figure 2). The auxiliary network window always shows the whole network. The main network window shows the area of the network in more detail. The area covered by the main network window is shown as a rectangle in the auxiliary network window. The size and location of network windows can be changed and are saved during shutting down of the program. The network view shown in the main network window can be changed by: Choosing the area from either network window by clicking the left mouse button down on one corner of the area and releasing it on the opposite corner (zooming). Grasping the rectangle of the auxiliary network window with the right mouse button and dragging it to the new location. Moving the rectangle of the auxiliary network window to a new location by clicking down the left mouse button in the center of the new location in the auxiliary network window. Moving the map in the main network window by clicking down the right mouse button, moving the mouse in the desired direction and releasing it (panning). Zooming the main network window step by step with the View => Zoom In or View => Zoom Out commands or return to the previous zoom with View => Zoom Previous command (or with Previous Zoom shortcut menu command). 16

19 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface When the View => Zoom All command is clicked the main network window will show the whole network. The View => Save/Restore Zoom command enables the management of the zoom views by the separate dialog. Click the Save zoom button to save the current view of the main network window by the name written into Zoom name box. Click the Delete zoom button to delete the selected zoom view. The Restore zoom button restores the selected zoom view into the main network window. The Cancel button restores the previous zoom before opening the dialog. The Close button closes the dialog keeping the last restored zoom view in the main network window. OperaWS uses geographic maps as a background for the distribution network. The administrator can set background map usage (For more information about initialization of the background maps, see the Administrator Manual). The outlook and location of map material can be set workstation specific in OperaWS. The background maps can also be disabled via the Settings => Maps => Outlook command (For more information about outlook and storage of the background maps, see "The Outlook of Background Maps" on page 42 and "The Storage Location of Background Maps" on page 44). The most common way to manage and study the network state is by selecting the component in the main network window. The left mouse button can be used to click the node or line section for observation. Also clicking the Node Information command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line section in the main network window has the same effect. The node information dialog box is then opened (For more information about node dialog box, see "Component Data Presentation" on page 23). More accurate details can be handled by diagrams (For more information about diagrams, see "Network Diagrams" on page 19). 7.3 Network Data Inserting network data is made by OperaNE. The administrator can also specify the symbols, line colors and background color used in the network windows and diagrams (For more information about symbols and colors, see the Administrator Manual) Information in the Network Windows Upon completion of the start up process, OperaWS is in the State Monitoring Mode (if the fault location is not started). OperaWS loads the distribution network data from the binary network file and the temporary network data from the temporary network file. The distribution network colored according to the switching state of the feeders in the main network window and according to the voltage drops in the auxiliary network window (the default views can be changed during projecting) is presented. The network and network analysis results in the network windows are based on the data of the network database, temporary network and real time switching state. The information in the two network windows can be chosen using the submenus of the View => Coloring menu. The functions focus on the active network window. 17

20 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM The colors represent different kinds of information. Colors of the network lines are defined in OperaNE (For more information about definition of network lines, see the Administrator Manual). When presenting feeder topology (View => Coloring => Topology by Feeders), adjacent feeders are colored with a separate color so that an open switch is easy to find. Cold lines, lines in looped connections, earthed and uncertain lines are presented with separate colors. Main transformer topology (View => Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers) and conductor types according to the resistance and type of conductor (View => Coloring => Line Types) are presented respectively (Figure 3). An extra window with color information is opened onto the screen if needed. The size and location of the window can be changed and are saved during shutting down of the program. Figure 3. Line Type window According to the results of the network analysis the network lines can be colored to show. Voltage drops (View => Coloring => Voltages)(Figure 4). Detection of short-circuit protection (View => Coloring => Detection Ability to Overcurrent Fault). Short-circuit capacity (View => Coloring => 3-phase Short Circuit Capacity). Detection of earth fault protection (View => Coloring => Earth Fault Protection). Load levels (View => Coloring => Load Levels). Warning level and alarm level colors are used to present network analysis results when the calculated values exceed the corresponding settings for the limits. The way the calculation results are presented depends on the network coloring limits (For more information about network coloring limits, see "Network Analysis Settings" on page 36). During representation of calculation or analysis results, white is used to represent the lines, which cannot be calculated because of the lack of source information (for example earth fault relay data). 18

21 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface Figure 4. Voltages window The View => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations command shows the unsupplied MV/LV stations with white symbol in the network window. The function focuses on the active switching state. The View => Feeder command enables the selection of the feeder by the name or code. The selected feeder is showed with the warning color in the main network window automatically zoomed to the feeder area. Meshed network feeders cannot be selected to zoom. The Window => Alarms command opens the window containing the last alarms of OperaWS (for example the exceeding of limits set in network analysis). The size and location of the window can be changed (Figure 5). The state of the window (visibility, size and location) is saved during shutting down the program. Figure 5. Alarms window Network Diagrams OperaWS can also present selected parts of the network as diagrams. The network diagram is generated automatically using the existing network data so that no special tasks are needed during network data entry. The network diagram window opens automatically when the user clicks the Diagram command from the popup menu opened by clicking on the right mouse button on the 19

22 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM network location in the main network window (Figure 6). The size of the diagram can be changed. The colors and symbols used in the network diagram window are the same as in the network windows when the View => Coloring => Topology by Feeders command is selected. MV/LV station and switch label codes are shown in the diagram. Exceptionally, the label names are shown when they are selected to be shown in the network window. The left mouse button can be used to click the node or line section for closer observation. The node information dialog box is then opened (For more information about node information dialog box, see "Component Data Presentation" on page 23). Figure 6. An example of a network diagram Station and Control Pictures and Internal Station Diagrams Station diagrams enable station components to be handled in greater detail and to show the switching states of station components. OperaWS uses two kinds of station diagram presentations: station and control pictures from MicroSCADA and internal station diagrams (Figure 7). The internal station diagrams are needed for managing the data of station components during simulations. Normally, internal station diagrams are converted from MicroSCADA. Station diagrams can also be created in OperaNE (For more information about creation of station diagrams in OperaNE, see the Administrator Manual). 20

23 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface Figure 7. An example of an internal station diagram A particular symbol in the network window means that the object has a station diagram presentation. The View => Show => Substation Labels command contains submenu for defining the showing of codes or names of the substations in the network window. The internal station diagram becomes visible after zooming in close enough. In the State Monitoring Mode of OperaWS the MicroSCADA station or control picture is opened when the symbol or station diagram in the network window is clicked with the right mouse button and the Diagram command is selected from the shortcut menu (Figure 8). The station picture can also be opened with the View => Station Diagram command. This function asks for the name of the station to be opened in a separate window. It is possible to have multiple station pictures open at the same time. 21

24 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM Figure 8. An example of a MicroSCADA station picture The internal station diagram window becomes visible in the Simulation Mode when the symbol or station diagram in the network window is clicked with the right mouse button and the Diagram command is selected from the shortcut menu. The station diagram window can also be opened with the View => Station Diagram command. This command asks for the name of the station to be opened in the diagram window. It is possible to have many stations diagram windows opened at the same time. Editing of the diagrams in Simulation Mode is made in the network window (not in a separate diagram window). However, inserting a new feeder is an exception and can be started inside the network diagram window. The colors of the root points of the feeders in the MicroSCADA station and control pictures are always the same as the feeder colors in the feeder topology presentation mode of the network window (For more information about root point coloring, see the Administrator Manual). The feeder colors of the internal station diagrams in Simulation Mode are also the same. Other diagrams can also be created in OperaNE (Figure 9). These diagrams contain network objects, which would be shown more accurately in diagram mode, for example MV/LV stations and disconnector stations (For more information about defining diagrams, see the Administrator Manual). Zooming close enough to this kind of diagrams displays them in detail. Diagram windows are opened by selecting the Diagram command from the shortcut menu after clicking them with the right mouse button. 22

25 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface Figure 9. An example of a MV/LV station diagram Component Data Presentation The presentation of component names, codes, and locations assists in finding the component from the network. The View => Show => MV/LV Station Labels and View => Show => Switch Labels commands contains submenus for defining the showing of codes or names of the appropriate components. The commands can be used to assist in locating the components on the network. The system specific color settings of the codes and names are defined during TrueType symbol definition in OperaNE or with Settings => General (For more information about symbol definition, see "Code Text Color Settings" on page 34) command. The state of presentation of the codes and names is saved during quitting of the program. Remote operated switches on the network are represented with a white symbol when the View => Show => Remote Disconnectors command is clicked. Similarly, the View => Show => Transformer Switches command causes the transformer switches and the View => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations command causes unsupplied MV/LV stations to be represented with a white symbol in the network window. The function focuses on the active switching state. The View => Find => MV/LV Station and View => Find => Switch commands assist in finding the object by showing a list of all selectable objects and then showing the code and name of the selected object in a white box near the object. The list can be sorted according to codes or names. The sort order is saved during shutting down of the program. Many objects can be shown simultaneously. The boxes can be removed with the View => Find => Clear command. The dialog box of a node and feeding line section can be opened by selecting the node by clicking the left mouse button on it in the network window, network diagram or internal station diagram. Also clicking the Node Information command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line section in the main network window has the same effect. (Figure 10). When a node of line section is selected the network node and feeding line section is highlighted in the network window. 23

26 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM Figure 10. An example of the Node Information dialog box for MV/LV substation node The content of the dialog box depends on the end node of the line section. The basic data of the line section and the possible end node, together with some network analysis results, is presented in the dialog box. The highlighted node of the two end nodes of the line section is the one where the voltage level is lower than in the other end. This must be taken into account when reading network analysis results from the dialog. Flowing current is always positive since the direction is to lower voltage level. However, active or reactive power may be negative e.g. in the case when the lines are overcompensated. The buttons for examining the data of line section/end node is included. Documents is available, if at least one document is connected to the end node. The buttons are used to examine the documents, load curve, protection relay data and free data form (For more information, see "Document Archive" on page 99, "Load Curve" on page 56, "Protection Relay" on page 54 and "Free Data Forms" on page 25) Feeder Information The Feeder Information command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line section open the Feeder Information dialog (Figure 11). The dialog contains the name of the selected feeder, the name of the circuit-breaker for the selected feeder, an amount of transformers in the selected feeder and total load of the selected feeder. If the network analysis license is not included the load information is not shown. 24

27 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface Figure 11. Feeder Information dialog Free Data Forms Free data forms of components and objects are opened by selecting the preceding line section with end node with a mouse click from the network window, network diagram or internal station diagram and by clicking Data Form in the node dialog box (Figure 12). Free data forms are also used to present free database objects, measurements, documents and field crews (For more information, see "Free Database Objects and Measurements" on page 28, "Measurements" on page 57, "Document Archive page 99 and "Field Crew Management" on page 91). The arrows in the bottom of the data form are used to change the record. The left arrow moves to the first record, the next one to previous record. The right arrow moves to the last record and the previous button to the next record. The user can define the layout of the free data forms. The functions are selected using the buttons of the data form or the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button. The buttons can be hidden to save space. Then the functions are selected only with shortcut menu. The Print function prints the contents of the appropriate window to the default printer. The Help function opens the help program, which shows the help window of the appropriate dialog box. The Close function closes the appropriate window. The location and layout of the free data form is saved for each component or object type during closing of the data form. 25

28 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM Figure 12. data form An example of free data form for MV/LV transformer and the shortcut menu of the free The free data form contains following buttons in OperaWS: Update This function saves the updated information. The function is available in OperaWS only in the case of the free data forms for manually updateable load points and field crews (For more information, see "Measurements" on page 57 and "Field Crew Management" on page Find This function opens the Find in Field dialog (Figure 13) for searching the desired component. The search is focused on the active field. The function is disabled if the list or button is active. Figure 13. Find in Field dialog box The search is focused on the field, which is active during starting of the function. The Search box defines the direction of the search. The Match box defines the matching criteria of the search characters. Find First and Find Next start the search. Locate This function locates the appropriate component or object and shows it with the defined location symbol in the network window. Locate All This function locates all the components or objects of the appropriate component or object type and shows them with the defined location symbol in the network window. The symbols can be removed after closing the data form with the View => Database Queries => Clear Results in Network Window command. 26

29 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface Documents The documents attached to the node can be found with this function. The button is unavailable if no documents are attached. Table This function opens a table containing all components or objects of the appropriate component or object type (Figure 14). The table enables browsing of components or objects so that many components are visible at the same time. The active record is also shown in the free data form. The size of the table and the width of the columns can be changed by the mouse. The size and location of the table and the widths of the columns are saved during closing of the table. Figure 14. An example of the table form for MV/LV transformer The component or object can be found by the Find in Field command of the shortcut menu. The last found record remains active after closing the dialog box. The location of the found component or object is made with the Locate function. Sort This function sorts the data according to the active field. The sort order affects the browsing and presentation of the table. The function is disabled if the list or button is active. Settings This function defines the fields to be shown, the sort order of them, the number of columns, width of fields and usage of buttons (Figure 15). The free data form is refreshed according to the settings after closing the dialog box. 27

30 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM Figure 15. Settings dialog box of the free data forms Important Transformers The View => Show => Important Transformers command defines the visibility of important MV/LV stations (Figure 16). The MV/LV stations with the selected importance rate are shown with defined symbol in the network window. The important MV/LV stations are not shown if the importance rate boxes are defined as VOID. The importance rate of the MV/LV stations and the symbols for important MV/LV stations are defined in OperaNE (For more information about definition of important transformers, see the Administrator Manual). Figure 16. Important MV/LV Stations dialog box Free Database Objects and Measurements The View => Show => Object Types command opens a dialog box (Figure 17) for defining the visibility of the free database object types and measurements in the network window (For more information about measurements, see "Measurements" on page 57). The free database objects and measurement points are created and the symbols and/or labels used to show them are defined in OperaNE (For more information about measurement definition, see the Administrator Manual). Free 28

31 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v User Interface database object types can also be represented with symbols in auxiliary network window. Figure 17. Object Types Showed dialog box 7.4 Symbol Legend and Line Colors Used Clicking the Window => Symbol Legend function opens a window showing the symbols visible in the main network window (Figure 18). The symbols are defined in OperaNE (For more information about symbol definition, see the Administrator Manual). Figure 18. The Symbol Legend window Clicking the Window => Line Color Legend command opens a window showing the line colors used in the network windows (Figure 19). The line colors are defined in OperaNE (For more information about definition of line colors, see the Administrator Manual). 29

32 Open++ Opera v User Interface 1MRS MUM Figure 19. The Line Color Legend window The size and location of the windows can be changed. The state of the windows (visibility, size and location) is saved during quitting of the program. 7.5 Notes Notes are short texts, which can be attached to some place in the network window. Clicking the View => Notes => Show command shows all the notes in the network window. Clicking the note with the left mouse button opens the note (Figure 20). Min minimizes the note again. Location allows the transfer of the note. Del deletes the note. Canceling the selection of the View => Notes => Show command hides the notes. The View => Notes => New command opens a New Note dialog box for the writing and placing of new notes. Figure 20. An example of Note dialog box 30

33 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 8 Settings of Workstations 8.1 General Settings must be updated in the State Monitoring Mode of OperaWS. The primary settings of OperaWS are workstation specific, only a few are system specific (i.e. affecting to all workstations). The confirming of system specific settings is asked before the changes. If the settings are changed during the Simulation Mode, they are just temporarily updated on that workstation. The default or recommended values for the settings are presented together with a description of each setting in the following sections. 8.2 Network View Settings General Some network view settings (size class limits for component symbols, switching state by primary feeders, indication of loops, network color settings) are system specific and can be changed by OperaNE (For more information about system specific settings, see the Administrator Manual). The outlook of background maps is defined via the Settings => Maps => Outlook command in OperaNE or OperaWS (For more information about outlook of the background maps, see "The Outlook of Background Maps" on page 42) Language of the User Interface The language of the user interface and online help used in each workstation is runtime alterable. The language is selected from the submenu of the Settings => Languages menu. The language selected during the runtime is saved for each workstation and Opera application to be a new default language at the next start up. For more information about localization of the Open++ Opera is in the Administrator Manual Fonts of the User Interface The text fonts of the user interface in each workstation can be defined runtime. If nothing else has been defined, the default fonts are being used. The default fonts are defined by OperaNE (For more information about default fonts, see the Administrator Manual). The fonts is defined by selecting the Settings => Fonts command. 31

34 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM Figure 21. Fonts dialog The Fonts dialog (Figure 21) contains four tabs. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. The Base and Base Fixed tabs are used to define the fonts used mainly in listings. The Network window tab is used to define the texts used in network windows. The Dialog tab deals with the dialog texts. The Define Font button in each tabs opens the standard font selection dialog. Select the font and the size and click OK. The selected font will be set immediately in the current session. The changes are saved permanently after clicking OK in main Fonts dialog. Clicking Cancel will restore the previous fonts. The Get Defaults button is used to reload the default fonts (For more information about default fonts, see the Administrator Manual). Some fonts of the user interface will not change using Settings => Fonts. Among these are fonts used in menus, window title bars, tool tips etc. These can be set by selecting Control Panel, Display and Appearance tab there. The Item drop down list contains the items to be set and the Font and Size drop down lists the selected font and size Local Settings The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click the Local tab to open the dialog (Figure 22) for defining the general settings. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. 32

35 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations Figure 22. Local tab of the General Settings dialog The Local tab contains the following items: MV Codes visible when zoom <(km) box defines the zoom limit at which the station and switch codes or names are shown in the main network window (if defined to be shown with commands under the View => Show). The value is the width of the area shown in the window. The default value is 10. The setting is workstation specific and can also be set in OperaNE via Settings => Network View command. LV Node ID's visible when zoom <(km) box is disabled in OperaWS. The Show node information dialog check box defines if the node information is shown with the separate dialog box after selection of a node in OperaWS. The setting is workstation specific and the default value is on. The Check Switching Actions check box defines if the checking of looped connections or connections to earthed network are made. If the check box is selected, the alarm of such a connection is given after selection of the switch (For more 33

36 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM information about checking switching actions, see "Network Topology Monitoring" on page 46) Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click the Local tab to open the dialog (Figure 22) for defining the automatic function associated with state changes. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. It is possible to set with Topology analysis and Radial load flow check boxes, that topology analysis and load flow calculations are always run in the State Monitoring Mode, after the state of a switch is changed. The Minimum interval between screen updates (s) box defines the time interval for screen updates. If topology analysis is unavailable, then the load flow calculation is automatically unavailable. Similarly, if the load flow calculation is turned on, then topology analysis is automatically enabled. If topology analysis is unavailable, then the text "no autom. updating" is shown in the second pane of the status bar at the bottom of the screen. When in this mode, the screen can be updated by using the Analyze => Topology command and the load flow calculation can be updated by using the Analyze => Network & Protection command. The disabling of automatic updating may be useful, for example, during a storm, when there can be large number of simultaneous events. However, when automatic updating is unavailable, the switching state and load flow calculation results are updated on the screen once an hour. Whatever the settings for these automatic functions, OperaWS observes the changes in switch states and saves that information. These settings just define how the screen is updated. Fault location check box defines if a network window automatically zooms, in case a new fault appears. Selection of the Meshed network analysis check box defines the meshed network load flow and maximum short circuit current calculations to be automatically executed after state changes if the workstation is in State Monitoring Mode. This calculation is performed after calculation of the radial feeders if the time interval defined in Minimum interval between meshed network load flows (s) box has elapsed from last calculation. All these settings are workstation specific in OperaWS. It is recommended that all of these four functions be selected Code Text Color Settings The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click the Network Color Settings tab to open the dialog, which is used to set the colors of MV/LV station and switch codes and names in the network windows (Figure 23). The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. After clicking the button the standard color definition dialog box opens. 34

37 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations Figure 23. The Network Color Settings tab of the General Settings dialog The settings are system specific and can also be found in OperaNE via Settings => Network Colors command. MV/LV station codes color is also used for description texts in the Symbol Legend window. The size and color of TrueType symbol codes and names can be set during symbol definition in OperaNE. These color definitions override general settings. Also, other color settings of the system (background color of the network windows, background colors of network and substation diagrams, colors of network lines and maps) are made by the administrator in OperaNE (For more information about system specific settings, see the Administrator Manual ). Network coloring limits and the brightness and contrast of the color bitmaps can be set in OperaWS (For more information about network coloring limits and settings of color bitmaps, see "Network Coloring Limits" on page 35 and "The Outlook of Background Maps" on page 42) Network Coloring Limits The Settings => MV Network Color Limits command opens the MV Network Color Limits dialog box, which is used to adjust the limits for showing network 35

38 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM calculation results. An example of a dialog box for adjusting the limits for showing voltage drops is shown (Figure 24). Other limits are load levels, short-circuit detection, short-circuit capacity, and earth fault detection. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. Figure 24. MV Network Color Limits dialog 8.3 Network Analysis Settings The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click the Network Analysis tab to open the dialog (Figure 25) for defining the network analysis settings. The tab is unavailable if the Open++ Opera network analysis license is not included. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. All analysis settings are system specific. 36

39 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations Figure 25. Network Analysis Settings dialog box Default busbar voltage (kv) defines the busbar voltage value, which is used in network calculations, if the voltage value is not obtained from the MicroSCADA system (For more information about MicroSCADA measurements, see "Measurements" on page 57). The default value is 20,5 kv. Under Load analysis are the following settings: Constant factor for loads defines the factor, by which all loads in the network database are multiplied in network calculations. This setting can be used especially for simulation purposes (For more information about simulation settings, see "Changing of Network Analysis Settings" on page 61). The default value is 1. If the Powers As Constant Power check box is selected, the real power loads entered for load points are used as such. In this case, Velander s factors are used only to convert possible given energy values to peak power values. If all loads are given as real power, the loads of line sections are simply the sum of the load points (plus 37

40 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM losses). In this case Velander s factors are not used. The default value of the check box is not selected. The values under Energy to Power Conversion are used if Powers as constant power check box is not selected (the default value). Then Velanders factor 1 and Velanders factor 2 are used together with annual energies. The fact that the given real powers of the load points are not likely to occur at the same time and that there is some deviation in the loads is also taken into account. This way, the sum load (for example of a feeder) is not as much as the direct sum of the load point real power values. Velander's factors are used in an empirical formula (For more information about load calculation formulas, see the System Description. The correct values for Velander s factors depend on the type of customers, i.e. the type of energy consumption. The default values are 0,28 for Velander s factor 1 and 0,08 for Velander s factor 2. Earth fault resistance (ohm) defines the earth fault resistance used in protection analyze. The default value is 500 ohm. The Conductor temperature in load current calculation defines the operation temperature for line resistance calculation during load current calculation. The Conductor temperature in fault current calculation defines the operation temperature for calculation of the conductor resistance (value T 2, see the System Description, the T 1 value is defined in the MV conductor data form of OperaNE, see the Administrator Manual) during the network analysis. The value must be between o C. Under Selectivity Analysis are the following settings: The Operating delay for relays (s) defines the accepted time marginal between the tripping times of two serial protection relays. Default value is The Operating delay for fuses defines the accepted time marginal between the melting times of the fuses or the melting time of the fuse and relay tripping time in selectivity analysis. The melting times of the fuses are based on the melting time diagram. The melting times are average values, because the dispersion of melting times is observed. Fuses are selective if their melting times are different in certain fault current. For the fuses of the same manufacturer, 20% of the bigger melting time is considered as adequate time marginal. In any other case corresponding value should be bigger, about 30%. Value is given as factor of the melting time of fuse. Default value is The Relay lockings enables check box defines the prevention of tripping to be taken into account during the selectivity analysis. The Delayed reclosing time is used in relay-fuse protected lines check box defines the delayed reclosing time to be used in the selectivity analysis. The relay of circuit breaker and fuses in relay-fuse protected lines are usually selective if transient faults are cleared by high speed initial tripping of the relay. The fuse, or fuses, operates during delayed tripping period to isolate persistent faults and minimize the section of network without supplies. 38

41 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations For more information about using of the network analysis settings in the calculations, see the System Description. These settings are system specific settings but they can be changed temporarily for each OperaWS workstation during the Simulation Mode, for example the constant factor for the load can be used to make a worst case analysis with larger loads (For more information about simulation, see "Changing of Network Analysis Settings" on page 61) Meshed Network Analysis Settings The Settings => General command opens the General Settings dialog box. Click the Meshed Network Analysis tab to open the dialog (Figure 26) for defining the meshed network analysis settings. The tab is unavailable if the Open++ Opera network analysis license is not included. The scrolling arrows are used to scroll the tabs if needed. All analysis settings are system specific. Figure 26. Meshed Network Analysis dialog box 39

42 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM Base Voltage (kv) is nominal voltage for meshed network analysis. It must correspond to one of the voltage levels (usually the highest medium voltage level) in the network. In addition, the selected base voltage must correspond to set Default Busbar Voltage (kv) (For more information, see "Network Analysis Settings" on page 36). In general, the default busbar voltage may be somewhat higher than base voltage. Base Power (MVA) is used in load flow algorithms. May be changed if there is problems for the algorithm to converge to a solution. Reduction of radial branches is used to make the load flow effective in large MVnetworks. It is recommended to have this set. 8.4 Fault Location Parameters The Settings => Fault Location command opens the Fault Location Parameters dialog box, which enables the changing of the fault location parameters (Figure 27). The command is unavailable if the Open++ Opera fault location license is not included. The dialog box can also be opened via Parameters in the Fault Management dialog box. 40

43 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations Figure 27. The Fault Location Parameters dialog box Certainty factors are used during inferencing to define the stress on individual inference rules (For more information about inferencing rules, see the System Description). The value of the stress can be set within the range 0-1. A high value increases the importance of the rule. A value of 0 (zero) means that the rule is not used in the inferencing at all. Certainty factors are defined for: Calculated fault distance data in the Fault Distance box (0.85 recommended value). Fault detector operation data in the Fault Detector box (0.6 recommended value). 41

44 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM Existence of overhead line in the Overhead Line box (0.15 recommended value). Overloading of cable in the Overloading of Cable box together with the overloading limit in the Limit box (0.3 and 0.8 recommended values). Overloading of transformer in the Overloading of Transformer together with the overloading limit in the Limit box (0.3 and 0.8 recommended values). The automatic fault zone location for the isolation and restoration planning are defined under the Faulted zone location frame. The defining of the faulted zone for the isolation and restoration is made automatically if the probability of the fault in some remote -controlled zone is bigger than the limit of the faulted zone in the Lower limit box and the probability of the fault in other zones is smaller than the limit of the other zones in the Upper limit box (For more information about isolation and restoration planning, see "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66). Load current compensation (i.e. superposed load current in the measured fault current) can be done in two ways. In the Pure load current mode the load current just before the fault measured by the same measuring unit, which measured the fault current, is subtracted as such from the measured fault current. The Voltage dependent mode takes into account the voltage drop during the fault (For more information about calculation formulas, see the System Description). The last one is the default. If the voltage during the fault is less than the voltage limit in the Voltage limit box, the load in question is assumed to be zero (default value 0.6). The user can change the values of the P u (1-2) box and the Q u (2-6) box, which describe the dependence of real power P and reactive power Q on voltage U. It is recommended that default values 1.5 and 4 be used. The Fault resistance in earth fault (ohm) defines the earth fault resistance used in earth fault current based location. The OK command stores the changed fault parameters so that the new values are also used in other instances of OperaWS. The confirmation for the changes is needed. The Simulate command changes the parameters only in the memory of the OperaWS in question and runs the fault location function again with the new parameter values. The button is available only when the dialog box is opened via the Fault Management dialog box. 8.5 The Outlook of Background Maps The outlook and storage location of the background maps is defined in OperaNE or OperaWS. The settings are workstation specific. However, color definitions for the background maps via Colors are system specific and can only be changed in OperaNE (For more information about system specific settings, see the Administrator Manual). The Settings => Maps => Outlook command opens the Settings of Background Maps dialog box, through which the outlook of background maps can be set (Figure 28). 42

45 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations Figure 28. A Settings of Background Maps dialog box The dialog box settings are described below: Under the General frame are the following boxes: The Background map check box defines whether the background maps are shown or not on the screen behind the network. If maps are not used the monochrome background is used (For more information about background color settings, see the Administrator Manual). The Cache check box defines whether a cache memory for background maps is used or not. Caching speeds up map updating, but consumes memory. Each Open++ Opera program reserves its own cache (i.e. OperaWS and OperaNE running on the same computer do not use a common cache). The Size (Mb) box defines the possible cache memory size. The default maximum size for the cache is 75% of the free physical memory, when OperaWS or OperaNE were started for the first time. The value of the memory size can be set through the dialog box. The Range by maps check box defines if the boundaries of the whole network window view are defined by the adjusted map material or by the network window. The selection changes the view of both network windows right away. The Time out [s] box defines the number of seconds, which can be used for drawing the background maps. If all maps are not drawn during the time limit, the system cancels the map illustration and continues by drawing the network. 43

46 Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations 1MRS MUM Under the Map materials frame are the following boxes: The Automatic zooming check box defines if the map material, which is shown, is automatically changed based on the zoom limits of the different materials and present zooming area. If automatic zooming is not selected, only one map material can be selected at a time. The Materials check boxes are used to define what map material is displayed and what the zoom limit is for the corresponding material. Under the Color bitmaps frame are the following boxes: The Brightness box defines the brightness of the color bitmaps. The Contrast box defines the contrast of the color bitmaps. Under the Draw upon maps frame are the following boxes: The Materials check boxes define what displayable materials can be drawn upon and what the zoom limit is for the corresponding material. Only maps in vector format can be drawn upon. Colors is used to set the colors of the background maps. Only the administrator can change the color definitions, therefore Colors is only available in OperaNE (For more information about background map color definitions, see the Administrator Manual). 8.6 The Storage Location of Background Maps The Settings => Maps => Location command opens the Copy Maps to Local Hard Disk dialog box (Figure 29), through which the option of storing all or part of the map material on the hard disk of the local workstation can be set. 44

47 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Settings of Workstations Figure 29. The Copy Maps to Local Hard Disk dialog box All background maps are always located on the fileserver s hard disk. They can also be partly located on a local hard disk. The storage location is the MAP directory under the working directory. If the maps are stored on the local workstation, the drawing of the maps on the screen is faster, because a lot of data does not need to be read through the computer network. However, local storage increases the need for available hard disk space. The Materials check boxes are used to select which map material is to be transferred. When Give Area is clicked, the user is asked for the area to be transferred. This is chosen from the network window with the left mouse button. Transfer is used to transfer the background maps of a chosen area from the server's hard disk to the local hard disk. Remove along with Give Area is used to remove the indicated maps from the local computer s hard disk. 45

48 Open++ Opera v Topology management 1MRS MUM 9 Topology management 9.1 Topology management Topology management in OperaWS is based on the integration of Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA (For more information about integration, see the Administrator Manual and the MicroSCADA Integration Manual). OperaWS contains information on the switching state of the distribution network, i.e. information on the state of all remote and manually operated switches (including fuses), and line sections. Also, the manually updateable measurement data of the border switches can be used in topology management (For more information about definition of the measurements, see "Measurements" on page 57). The states of switches, which are connected to MicroSCADA, are updated using MicroSCADA station and control pictures. Updating can be done by opening MicroSCADA pictures in OperaWS by selecting the switch with the mouse. Switches can be remote operated real process objects or manually operated virtual process objects. If a connection between Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA does not exist for a switch, a dialog box of OperaWS opens for updating the state of the switch. The status of line sections is always updated in OperaWS. Close, open, and earthed are the possible states. 9.2 Network Topology Monitoring The topology of the network is defined by the state of the switches. Every change in the state of the switches causes an update of the network topology (if not disabled in the general settings, for more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The new network topology is immediately shown in the user interface. After a failure in the MicroSCADA system or in data transfer between OperaWS and MicroSCADA, the real time switch status is read from MicroSCADA and the network topology is updated accordingly. The real time topology can be seen by using the View => Coloring => Topology by Feeders and View => Coloring => Topology by Primary Transformers commands. In the first command adjacent feeders are displayed with different colors and in the second command all lines fed from the same transformer have a common color. The feeder topology color settings are used in the network diagrams, internal station diagrams, and in the root points of the MicroSCADA station and control pictures. The definition of symbols and line colors is made by OperaNE (For more information about definitions, see the Administrator Manual). If the checking of switching actions in settings is on (For more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34), the checking of the connection of the supplied network to loop, or to an earthed network, is made after selecting an open switch in OperaWS. If the closing of the selected switch causes loop connection or engaging to the earthed network, an alarm is given before opening the MicroSCADA station or control picture or the internal dialog box. When the switch is selected from the MicroSCADA station or control picture, the checking is not performed before the switching action. In this case, the alarm is given just after topology monitoring. 46

49 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Topology management Trace Functions Important The alarm is given only when the switch is selected from the user interface of OperaWS. If looped connections or unsupplied lines are found, they are immediately shown to the operator with an alarm and with special colors in the network window. The Window => Alarms command opens a window containing the last alarms of OperaWS. Unsupplied MV/LV stations are drawn as white symbols when the View => Show => Unsupplied MV/LV Stations command is used. The function focuses on the active switching state. An uncertain state means that the switching state is uncertain and it is not known if the line is energized. Uncertainty is colored with its own color. The color for earthed lines is used if the network is connected to earth, for example by a temporary earthing or earthing switch. The state of a switch is shown with the defined symbols of the network. The View => Unsupplied Customers command and the Unsupplied Customers button in Customer Search dialog opened by the View => Customer Information command can be used to browse the unsupplied customer data or to locate the customer (For more information about customer service, see "Customer Service" on page 93). Also, the manually updateable measurement data of the border switches can be used in topology management (For more information about definition of the measurements, see "Measurements" on page 57). If the state of this switch is 'open', the switch is handled normally in topology monitoring. If the state is 'closed' and the value of the measurement is negative (<0), the switch node supplies the electricity to the network. The branch becomes energized or loop connection is formed, if the electricity supply to the switch is also coming from another direction. The discovery of the loop connection is presented with the color in the network window. If the supply is coming only from the switch, the network supplied by this switch is colored with its own color in the network window. Monitoring and topology management are made easier by using a functions called downstream trace and upstream trace. The trace functions can be used, for example to check the influence of opening a switch. A downstream trace means the line sections fed via the selected line section. An upstream trace means the line sections feeding the selected line section. The trace functions are started with the Trace downstream and Trace upstream commands of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the line section with the right mouse button in the main network window. The trace is then colored with the warning color. Trace functions can also be started in the network diagram window. In the downstream trace function, after clicking a line section in network diagram with the right mouse button, OperaWS colors the trace in both the network diagram window and the main network window (Figure 30). In the upstream trace function, the right mouse button is clicked when holding the shift key down. 47

50 Open++ Opera v Topology management 1MRS MUM Figure 30. An example of a trace function The downstream trace function can also be used to find the desired switch. The Choose switching device dialog, which opens after selecting of the switch by the left mouse button unambiguously contains the Trace button for showing the downstream trace of the selected switch in the main network window. 9.3 Management of Switching State OperaWS has to be in a State Monitoring Mode when updating the real time state of the switches. In Simulation Mode, the changes are saved temporarily for the use of the workstation, but not in the real time Opera database. The switching state of all switches connected to MicroSCADA (real process objects and virtual process objects) is updated using MicroSCADA station and control pictures. The checking of the connection to loop, or to an earthed network, is made after selecting the switch in OperaWS (For more information about checking of switching actions, see "Network Topology Monitoring" on page 46). If a connection between Open++ Opera and MicroSCADA does not exist for a switch, a dialog box of OperaWS is opened for updating the state of that switch. The state of line sections is always updated in OperaWS. 48

51 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Topology management The submenu of the View => Show => Switch Labels commands can be used to find the switch on the network. These functions show the names or codes of the switches in the network window. The View => Show => Remote Disconnectors and View => Show => Transformer Switches commands show all remote operated disconnectors and transformer switches as white symbols in the network window. The View => Find => ML/LV Station and View => Find => Switch commands can be used to show the MV/LV station or disconnector in the network window. These commands open the list of all MV/LV stations and switches and, after selection of the object, shows the code and name of the selected object in the network window. The View => Find => Clear command enables the removal of the objects shown by the View => Find => ML/LV Station and View => Find => Switch commands. Every change in the state of the switches causes an update of the network topology on the screen (if not disabled in the general settings, for more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The topology is shown as set on the View => Coloring menu. The View => Show => Abnormal Switching States commands shows the switches, which state differ from the defined normal switching state, by the defined symbol (For more information about symbol definition, see the Administrator Manual). The symbols can be used to find the switches to be restored to their normal state. The File => Save as Normal State command is used to update the existing switching state to the user-defined normal switching state file. The downstream trace and upstream trace functions are useful for finding the desired switch and showing the effect of opening a switch (For more information about the trace functions, see "Trace Functions" on page 47) Switching Devices Connected to MicroSCADA The state of the switches connected to the MicroSCADA process is updated using MicroSCADA station and control pictures. This operation can be done using pictures via OperaWS. Only in the case of a failure in the MicroSCADA system, or in data transfer between OperaWS and MicroSCADA, is the switching state of such switches updated using dialog boxes of OperaWS. In that case OperaWS proposes the change to the Simulation Mode. The MicroSCADA station and control pictures are not useable then. When data transfer capabilities return, the real time switch status is read from MicroSCADA and the network topology is updated accordingly. The opening of MicroSCADA station and control pictures in OperaWS is done by selecting the switch or station from the network window or network diagram or by the File => Change Switch State and View => Station diagram commands. The File => Scada Pictures command opens a dialog box, which can be used to ask for other defined MicroSCADA pictures to be opened (Figure 31). If the computer is connected to several displays, the user can with the Display number box define a display (from right to left) which will be used for opening MicroSCADA monitor. When the display number is 0 then the monitor of MicroSCADA opens to the same display as OperaWS. 49

52 Open++ Opera v Topology management 1MRS MUM Figure 31. Open SCADA Picture dialog box A change of state in the MicroSCADA system also immediately changes the state of the corresponding switch in OperaWS. The topology is updated in the network windows (if not disabled in the general settings, for more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34) Switching Devices Not Connected to MicroSCADA The state of the switches, which are not connected to MicroSCADA (i.e. not defined as MicroSCADA real or virtual process objects), has to be updated using the dialog box of OperaWS by the user. The recommendation is that all switches should be connected to MicroSCADA (For more information about integration, see the Administrator Manual and the MicroSCADA Integration Manual). The state of line sections is always updated in OperaWS. The updating of switches, which are not connected to MicroSCADA, is done in OperaWS as described in the following section: The Switch State dialog box can be opened by clicking the not MicroSCADA connected switch in the network window or in the network or station diagram with the left mouse button (Figure 33). Also the state of the fuse can be changed in OperaWS, if defined so in OperaNE (For more information about definition of fuses, see the Administrator Manual). The state of the selected switch is shown in a dialog box. The File => Change Switch State command opens the switching device list, which contains all network switches (Figure 32). The list can be sorted according to the codes or names of switches. After a not MicroSCADA connected switch is chosen, the same dialog box is opened. Figure 32. The Switching Device List dialog box 50

53 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Topology management Figure 33. The Switch Status dialog box The File => Change Line State command asks for the line section in the network window or network diagram to be clicked with the left mouse button. The Conductor State dialog box for the chosen line section is opened (Figure 34) and the chosen line is colored with a warning color. The state of the selected line section is shown in the dialog box. Close, open, and earthed are the possible states. Figure 34. The Conductors State dialog box Also the manually updateable measurement data of the border switches can be used in topology management (For more information about measurements, see "Measurements" on page 57). Updating the value of manually updateable measurements in OperaWS occurs by selecting the measurement node by the mouse, which opens the Measurement data form. The Value box of the data form is updated and saved with Save (For more information about updating the data of the free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25). 51

54 Open++ Opera v Network Analysis 1MRS MUM 10 Network Analysis 10.1 Network Analysis Network analysis functions require the Open++ Opera network analysis license. Network analysis functions offer load flow and fault current calculations and protection analysis of radially operated and meshed networks. The generators are taken into account during the network analysis. Additionally, the distributed generators and capacitors are taken into account in the load flow calculations. The protection analysis function can analyze definite time-delay and inverse time type overcurrent relays. Also the medium voltage fuses are taken into account during protection analysis. The solid earthed networks and networks earthed via resistor are supported in the protection analysis. Network analysis is used to define the electrical state of the distribution network in a real time or simulated network topology using network calculations, i.e. the load flow and fault current calculations. Load flow is calculated using the given load information. Load data is located in the network database, which is maintained by OperaNE (For more information about load data, see the Administrator Manual). Calculation can also use measurement data of MicroSCADA. OperaNE handles definition of measurements. Manually updateable measurements can be used to model the separate load point, load of border switch or backup feeder. The protection relay settings are used to make the protection analysis. Data source for all relay settings of the database relays can be changed workstation specific between network model and active relay settings via MicroSCADA. The loaded settings are used for all protection analysis calculations. Operation of the calculations depends on the user defined settings (For more information about settings, see "Network Analysis Settings" on page 36). Network analysis methods are described in more detail in the System Description Monitoring of the Electrical State of the Network Upon completion of the start up process, OperaWS is in a State Monitoring Mode (if the fault location is not started). The distribution network colored according to the switching state of the feeders in the main network window and according to the voltage drops in the auxiliary network window (the default views can be changed during projecting) is presented. The network and network analysis results shown in the network windows are based on the data of the network database, temporary network and real time switching state. 52

55 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Network Analysis The network topology is automatically updated and network analysis executed after every change in switching state (if not disabled in the general settings, for more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). This analysis is executed for radial feeders. The feeding voltage (busbar voltage) is got from the measurement or from primary transformer settings. After that the meshed network load flow and maximum short circuit current calculation for the whole medium voltage network is automatically performed, if this is defined by the settings and the time interval from the last calculation has elapsed (For more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). In simulation the meshed network analysis is must be started from the menu manually. The meshed network load flow is calculated for the total network even if it consists of several isolated networks. When automatic updating of radial feeders or meshed networks are not in use, the Analyze => Network & Protection and Analyze => Meshed Network Load Flow and Analyze => Meshed Network Short Circuit Currents commands can be used to execute the network analysis. An isolated island is a part of the network fed by one or several feeding primary transformers but isolated from other network. The islands can be connected to each other but isolated by an open switch. The short-circuit calculation for meshed network in case of selected faulted node is started by Analyze => Meshed Network Short Circuit Currents command and pointing the location (node) of the short circuit by the mouse. Then the 3-phase and 2-phase short circuit currents in the corresponding isolated island are calculated. In other islands the short circuit currents are zero. This gives the opportunity to check the fault currents flowing through e.g. the relayed feeding the loop where the fault is. At the same time the maximum 3-phase and 2- phase short circuit currents for each line section in the island are calculated for the use of the fault location and protection analysis functions. In the case of automatic meshed network analysis after switch status change the maximum shirt circuit currents are calculated for all the isolated islands (For more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). Manually updateable measurements can be used to model the separate load point or loading of the border switch (For more information about measurements, see "Measurements" on page 57). The current measurements of MicroSCADA are used to adjust the load forecast more accurately (For more information about load estimation, see "Load Estimation" on page 61). The primary substation voltage measurement is used as a supplying voltage for feeders in load flow calculations. OperaNE manages the definition of measurements. The relay settings of SPACOM and RED 500 typed relays (saved to the database) for network analysis of OperaWS can also be obtained via MicroSCADA by the menu command File => Relay Data Source => Relay both in the State Monitoring Mode and in the Simulation Mode. The File => Relay Data Source => Network Model obtains the relay settings from the network model. Protection relay settings can be studied and changed for simulation purposes in the Simulation Mode of OperaWS by selecting the root point of a feeder in the station diagram or node in network window and then clicking Relay. The administrator can change the relay settings in OperaNE. 53

56 Open++ Opera v Network Analysis 1MRS MUM The network analysis results are presented in both network window and an auxiliary network window using colors as set in the View => Coloring menu. In network coloring the short circuit capacity and detection ability for looped network parts is made by the undefined color. In addition, no protection coordination check can be done for looped network parts. The ways to present the results on the screen is described in "Information in the Network Windows" on page 17. The network coloring limits with other network analysis settings are described in "Network Analysis Settings" on page 36. The administrator makes the definition of network lines (For more information about definition of the network lines, see the Administrator Manual). Clicking an object in a network window or network diagram with the left mouse button shows a numerical presentation of the network analysis of the node in a separate dialog box (Figure 35). Also clicking the Node Information command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line section in the main network window has the same effect. Figure 35. A Node Information dialog box The Window => Alarms command opens the window containing the last alarms of OperaWS (for example the exceeding of limit settings in network analysis) Protection Relay Selecting on an object in a network window or network diagram with the left mouse button shows a separate node information dialog box. Also clicking the Node Information command of the shortcut menu opened by clicking the right mouse button over the node or line section in the main network window opens the same dialog. Relay opens the data form for the relays of the corresponding feeder (Figure 36). 54

57 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Network Analysis Figure 36. Relay Settings dialog box In the State Monitoring Mode only the browsing of relay settings data is possible. Also the way of the relay settings loading is shown. Data source for all relays in State Monitoring Mode can be changed between network model and relay active settings via MicroSCADA with menu command File => Relay Data Source => Network Model and File => Relay Data Source => Relay. The loaded settings are used for all protection analysis calculations. In Simulation Mode the change of relay settings is also possible (For more information about simulation of relay settings, see "Changing 55

58 Open++ Opera v Network Analysis 1MRS MUM of Relay Settings" on page 60). These changes are made to the binary network file and when returning to the State Monitoring Mode, the user is asked if those changes are to be used permanently. The administrator can change relay settings permanently in OperaNE Load Curve OperaSA maintains the load forecasts for MV/LV stations as a background process. Clicking Load Curve in the node information dialog box shows the forecast graphically. The forecasts are also used during simulation of the network state with forecasted loads. The forecasted loads are corrected using the measurements of MicroSCADA (For more information about using measurements in load estimation, see "Load Estimation" on page 61). The Load Curve dialog box (Figure 37) contains the forecasted load of the appropriate line section or in the case of an MV/LV station the forecasted load of the end node for the next week. The green line describes the original real power load according to MV/LV station load data and the red line describes the forecasted load generated in the load estimation. The window also contains the forecasted maximum and minimum powers and times of them from the present time. The load forecast of MV/LV stations is updated automatically in the database once in the hour as a background process. This forecast is shown in the window. In the case of the line section, the forecast calculation is started to illustrate the forecast in the window. The load curve information for a selected line section can be used to find the convenient time period, for example, for the maintenance outage. Clicking the left mouse button on the load curve shows the time from the present time, and forecasted load of that time. A more detailed description of the load forecasting methods is given in the System Description. 56

59 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Network Analysis Figure 37. En example of the load curve for MV/LV station Measurements After definition of the connection between MicroSCADA measurements and the Open++ Opera network database the measurements can be seen in the network window of OperaWS. The visibility of the measurements is set by View => Show => Object Types command. The measurements are shown with the defined symbols and codes. The definition of measurements and symbols is made in OperaNE (For more information about definitions, see the Administrator Manual). If the measurement data is connected to the nodes of the network in Open++ Opera, the measurement data serves as an input data for the network calculations of OperaWS. Selecting the measurement in a network window or network diagram with the left mouse button shows a free data form (Figure 38) of the measurement (For more information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25). 57

60 Open++ Opera v Network Analysis 1MRS MUM Figure 38. An example of free data form for the measurement If the measurement is connected to the network node, the measurement data of MicroSCADA can be used in the network analysis of OperaWS: The current measurement connected to a node of the feeder or to the node limiting the MV/LV station and the feeder (node type feeder) is used during load estimation to make the load data of the feeder and MV/LV stations more accurate (For more information about using the load estimation, see "Load Estimation" on page 61). If it is to be used in estimation, the current measurements cannot be connected to a node belonging to a feeding HV/MV substation. The primary substation voltage measurement is used as a supplying voltage for feeders in load flow calculations. The voltage measurement is always used instead of primary transformer nominal voltage of setting of default busbar voltage always when it is available (For more information about default settings, see "Network Analysis Settings" on page 36). If it is to be used in calculation, the voltage measurement must be connected to a node belonging to a HV/MV substation. A voltage measurement connected to a feeder node cannot be used in the calculation. Manually updateable, separate load points connected to any node of the medium voltage network can be used in network calculations. The separate load points are taken into account during network calculation by adding the active power of the measurement to the active power of the node. Manually updateable, separate load points connected to a disconnector, which is the ending point of a branch can be used to model additional loads or a supply from a neighboring network that is not included in network database. The switch and measurement node is handled as a border switch in network calculations. If the state of this switch is 'open', the switch is handled normally in calculations. If the state is 'closed' and the value of the measurement is negative (<0), the switch node supplies the electricity to the network. The branch becomes energized or loop connection is formed, if the electricity supply to the switch is also coming from another direction. The discovery of the loop connection is presented with the color in the network window. If the supply is coming only from the switch, the network supplied with this switch is colored with its own color in the network window. This network is not 58

61 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Network Analysis calculated during load flow calculation. If the positive active power measurement is inserted to the switch, the amount of the active power is added to the power of the node, as in the case of separate load points. Updating the value of manually updateable measurements in OperaWS occurs by selecting the measurement node by the mouse, which opens the Measurement data form. The Value box of the data form is updated and saved with Save (For more information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25) Simulation of Network State After changing to Simulation Mode, network analysis can be executed using: A simulated switching state. A simulated relay settings data. A simulated network analysis settings. Load forecasts (For more information about load estimation, see "Load Estimation" on page 61) The monitoring of the electrical state for simulated states occurs in the same way as in the State Monitoring Mode (For more information, see "Monitoring of the Electrical State of the Network" on page 52). The change of mode between Simulation Mode and State Monitoring Mode is made by using the Analyze => Simulation / Back to State Monitoring commands. Any modification made in the Simulation Mode is not saved to the real time database, it is just a temporarily setting for the use of the workstation Changing of Switching State After changing to Simulation Mode, the network can be shown in a simulated switching state. The state of the switches in this mode is not saved to the real time database, it is just for the temporarily use of the workstation. The changing of switching states for simulation purposes is made using the Switch Status and Conductor State dialog boxes in OperaWS. The change of state occurs in the same way as in the State Monitoring Mode with the exception that the station and control pictures of MicroSCADA are not used (For more information about state changes in State Monitoring Mode, see "Switching Devices Connected to MicroSCADA" on page 49). The topology is automatically updated after every change in a switch state (if not disabled in settings, for more information about general settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The Analyze => Topology command can be used to update the network topology and the Analyze => Network & Protection to update the network analysis results after switching state changes if automatic updating is not functioning. 59

62 Open++ Opera v Network Analysis 1MRS MUM The switching state of the reorganized network can be saved with the File => Save Switching State command, which opens a dialog box for giving a filename and then saves the switching state on the screen into this file. The File => Read Switching State command opens the list of saved switching state files and after selecting the file, loads this switching state into the network model of the workstation. If OperaWS is not in the Simulation Mode, it is changed to this state after a query Changing of Relay Settings Relay settings data is used for protection analysis as a part of the network analysis function. The relay settings can be changed in Simulation Mode and the functioning of the protection with the new settings can be analyzed. Relay settings can be changed in Simulation Mode via the Relay Settings dialog box (Figure 39), which is opened by clicking the circuit breaker in a separate station diagram windows with the right mouse button (only internal station diagram window are used in Simulation Mode). Another way to open the dialog box is to select a node from the network window or the root point of a feeder from the station diagram and click Relay in the opened node information dialog box. Change the relay settings, click OK, and click the Analyze => Network & Protection command (For more information about relay settings, see the Administrator Manual ). This starts the network analysis using the modified relay settings. Figure 39. The Relay Settings dialog box A data source for settings of this relay (saved in the database) can also be selected. Possible data sources are network model and relay primary, secondary or active settings via MicroSCADA. Data source for all relays in Simulation Mode can be changed between network model and relay active settings via MicroSCADA with menu command File => Relay Data Source => Network Model and File => Relay 60

63 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Network Analysis Data Source => Relay. The loaded settings are used for all protection analysis calculations Changing of Network Analysis Settings The settings of network analysis can be changed in the Simulation Mode using Settings => General c ommand (For more information about settings, see "Network Analysis Settings" on page 36). The load of the network for the network calculations can be changed. Constant factor for loads can be used to increase the load for the entire network. The load calculation methods used in the network analysis during simulation can also be changed. The use of constant powers and Velander's factors, together with annual energy can be altered and changes to the network state observed. The effect of a different earth fault resistance can be analyzed in the earth fault calculation Load Estimation Load estimation means the correction of the given loads of MV/LV stations so that the total calculated loads of the feeders approximates to the current measurement of the feeder. The electrical state of the network can then be calculated as accurately as possible. Absent load estimation means that the forecasted loads are formed directly from the given MV/LV station load data. OperaSA starts the calculation of the MV/LV station load forecasting and load estimation automatically once an hour. The calculation uses the newest MicroSCADA measurement data. After updating of the load forecast database it is loaded for use by OperaWS workstations. The Analyze => Forecast command opens the Forecast Parameters dialog box (Figure 40). OperaWS moves automatically to the Simulation Mode. Ending of the load forecast returns OperaWS to the State Monitoring Mode. 61

64 Open++ Opera v Network Analysis 1MRS MUM Figure 40. Forecast Parameters dialog box The Forecast Parameters dialog box contains the following settings: The date and time from which the load forecast calculation is started. Alternatives are: From present, when the starting hour is given in the Hours (0 168) box. Weekday and hour, when the starting day and hour are given in the Day of the week and Hour (0 23) boxes. The day can be selected using the drop -down list. The default is the present day and hour. The presentation of load forecasting results is possible in two ways: Animation, where the network analysis is performed using load forecast for each hour and the results are shown automatically after a defined time interval. Last hour of animation and Delay in animation (1 10 s) defines the showing of the analysis results on the screen. Manual, which shows the network analysis results one hour at the time. The Next Forecast dialog box is used to continue or stop the load forecasting (Figure 41). Figure 41. Next forecast dialog box OK starts the network analysis according to the settings given with forecasted loads. The results are shown as defined in the Forecast Parameters dialog box. 62

65 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management 11 Fault Management 11.1 General The fault management requires the Open++ Opera fault location license. The progression of the fault management depends on the use of the automatic fault isolation and restoration function and the type of the fault. The Fault => Start Automatic Fault Isolation command is visible in defined OperaWS workstation (Figure 42) and changes this workstation to Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode (For more information about settings for automatic fault isolation, see the Administrator Manual). During this mode all menu functions of this workstation are disabled. The mouse can be used only for zooming and panning. The functions of other OperaWS workstation can be used normally. Click the Stop Auto Operation Mode button to stop the automatic fault isolation and restoration function. Figure 42. Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode of OperaWS The fault management starts with the fault location (For more information about fault location, see "Fault Location" on page 64). If OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode and the fault is definitely located during the fault location function, the isolation and restoration planning is automatically started. If the automatic function is not in use or the fault cannot be located definitely, the isolation and restoration planning can be manually started after location of the fault (For more information about setting the fault location manually, see "Manual Fault Management" on page 71). After fault isolation and restoration planning OperaWS can execute the planned switching sequence. The execution is automatic or manual depending on the function 63

66 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM 11.2 Fault Location 64 settings (For more information about execution of the fault isolation and restoration, see "Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 67 and "Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 69). After repairing of the fault the fault data is saved to the fault archive (For more information about archiving, see "Archiving of the Fault Data" on page 77). Several faults can be managed at the same time with the fault management of OperaWS. The number of simultaneous faults in the memory of OperaWS is limited to 50 faults. Automatic fault isolation and restoration operates only with the one fault at a time. A new fault causes automatic zooming into the area of the faulted feeder. Other simultaneous faults are not zoomed, but the faults are processed in the background. Also, the first fault is only analyzed as a background process, if the corresponding parameter is changed by the operator (For more information about parameters, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). In this case the Fault Management dialog box opens, but the functions are only available just after the selection of active fault. Important The repaired faults must be transferred to the fault archive so that all new faults are able to be handled with the fault location function without unnecessary delays (For more information about fault archive, see "Archiving of the Fault Data" on page 77). The simulation of the fault location is also possible with OperaWS (For more information about fault simulation, see "Fault Location Simulation" on page 79). Fault location function requires the Open++ Opera fault location license. The fault location function of OperaWS deals with permanent feeder faults occurring in radially operated neutral isolated or compensated distribution networks. In meshed networks the fault location works only if the faulted feeder or an opened circuit breaker is in a radial branch. Fault location works in radial feeders fed by a meshed network in following way: 3-phase short circuit fault in radial feeder uses fault current based location. 2-phase short circuit fault in radial feeder uses fault current based location. 1-phase earth fault in radial feeder uses earth fault location (no fault current based location) 2-phase earth fault in radial feeder uses earth fault location (no fault current based location) Busbar faults (i. e. there isn t a feeder for an opened circuit breaker) are located at the same way as radial feeder faults. MicroSCADA detects a fault and switches to OperaSA and OperaWS. When OperaWS receives an announcement of a new fault, it runs the fault location function, which automatically zooms to the feeder in which a fault occurred. Automatic

67 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management zooming can be disabled in the settings (For more information about settings, see "Automatic Functions Associated with State Changes" on page 34). The fault data needed for the fault location function of OperaWS is automatically transferred from MicroSCADA. Only on-site readable fault detector data has to be updated manually in OperaWS (For more information about on-site readable fault detectors, see "Management of On-Site Readable Fault Detector State" on page 76). The possible fault locations along the feeder in which a fault has occurred are determined based on fault distance calculation (for two- or three-phase short-circuits and one- or two-phase earth short-circuits), fault detector data, line sections type (underground cable/overhead line), and the overloading conditions of the distribution transformers and cables (For more information about fault location parameters, see "Fault Location Parameters" on page 40 and the System Description. ). When the fault location function is running, the user interface of OperaWS contains two network windows (Figure 43). The feeders are shown according to switching state (i.e. the feeder which has been faulted is shown with an unsupplied color) and possible faulted line sections are shown with an alarm color in the main network window. Other feeders are shown according to the switching state of the feeders. The bottomright corner includes the Fault Management dialog box, which is the basic dialog box for getting information on faults. Figure 43. The user interface during the fault location in manual fault isolation and restoration If OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode, the Fault Management dialog is disabled and OperaWS Automatic Operation Mode Running dialog is active (Figure 44). For more information about automatic fault isolation and restoration, see "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page

68 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM Figure 44. Mode The user interface during the fault management in Automatic Isolation and Restoration If the fault location function of OperaWS can not locate the fault definitely (Fault not located text in the dialog), the management of the fault is continued with functions of the Fault Management dialog (For more information about fault management, see "Manual Fault Management" on page 71). If there is a problem with the MicroSCADA connection, the fault location simulation can also be used for real faults as described in "Fault Location Simulation" on page Fault Isolation and Restoration The isolation switching isolates the located fault. The restoration means the switching actions used to restore the supply as soon as possible to as many customers as possible during exact location and repairing of the fault. The automatic fault isolation and restoration is based on remote controlled switches. The fault isolation and restoration planning necessitate the definition of a fault location (For more information about fault location, see "Fault Location" on page 64). The fault location can be based on the automatic fault location function or the faulted zone can be defined manually. The defining of the faulted zone for the isolation and restoration planning is made automatically if the probability of the fault in some remote controlled zone is larger than the lower limit of the faulted zone and the probability of the fault in other zones is smaller than the upper limit of the other zones (For more information about fault location parameters, see "Fault Location Parameters" on page 40). 66

69 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration New fault appears The new fault is saved in the background No Is there a new unrepaired fault saved in the background No Yes Is the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode enabled? Yes The workstation is ready to manage the new fault The workstation continues to the fault location function No Is the fault located definetely? Yes The workstation continues to fault isolation and restoration planning No Is the switching sequence created successfully? Yes The workstation creates the sequence file and MicroSCADA executes the sequence Yes Can MicroSCADA execute the swiching sequence successfully? No Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode is interrupted Reset the workstation Figure 45. The fault management in Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode. 67

70 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM The actions after the new fault appears in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode are listed in the following (Figure 45): 1. OperaWS receives an announcement of a new fault, waits for the "Fault Location Start Delay (s)" defined in OperaNE's General Settings (Auto Sequence Control tab) and runs the fault location function automatically. 2. If OperaWS can locate the fault definitely, the OperaWS automatically continues to the fault isolation and restoration planning. The result of the isolation and restoration planning is the switching sequence. Only if the OperaWS can not locate the fault definitely, the management of the fault must be continued manually with the functions in the Fault Management dialog (For more information about fault management, see "Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 69). 3. The generated switching sequence is automatically started to execute. After start-up of the automatic sequence OperaWS present the status Automatic sequence running. If the whole switching sequence was successful, OperaWS waits for "Switching State Update Delay (s)" defined in OperaNE's General Settings (Auto Sequence Control tab) and checks that the current switching state is similar to switching sequence plan. Only if no errors occurs during the sequence, and the two switching states are similar OperaWS continues normally and may start another restoration sequence if a new fault appears, otherwise the status will be changed to "Automatic fault isolation mode interrupted". In the latter case OperaWS cannot start another sequence before manual resetting by the Reset button in the Automatic Operation Mode Running dialog. For more information about processing the switching sequence, see the Administrator Manual. 4. After the successful execution of the switching sequence, the fault must be set repaired in the Fault Management dialog (For more information about fault management, see "Manual Fault Management" on page 71). If using the same workstation, this assumes the stopping of the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode. The function can also be done with some other OperaWS workstation. During the automatic fault isolation and restoration process the actions are shown in the Automatic Operation Mode Running dialog (Figure 46). The Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode can be in five different states: enabled, pre delayed (For more information about delaying, see the Administrator Manual), running, post delayed and interrupted. The menu functions are disabled in this automatic operation mode. The mouse selections are disabled, too, except zoom and pan operations from the two network windows. 68

71 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management Figure 46. The user interface during automatic fault isolation Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration If the automatic fault isolation and restoration functionality is not switched on, fault isolation and restoration switching actions are done by the operator (Figure 47). Also if OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode but the automatic fault location fails to define the exact faulted zone, the isolation and restoration planning can be manually started after definition of the faulted zone. This assumes the stopping of the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode in the automatic OperaWS workstation or the function can be done with some other OperaWS workstation. 69

72 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM New fault appears The new fault is saved in the background Yes Is the unrepaired fault active? No The workstation is ready to manage the new fault Select another unrepaired fault as active The workstation continues to the fault location function Is the fault located definetely? No Locate the fault manually Yes Start the fault isolation and restoration planning No Yes Is there a new unrepaired fault saved in the background The workstation creates the switching sequence Perform the steps of the switching sequence using MicroSCADA Can MicroSCADA execute the steps of the swiching sequence successfully? Yes Figure 47. The fault isolation and restoration manually The fault location can be defined manually by clicking Remote contr. disc. zones of Fault Management dialog box. After selection of the zone in the dialog box, the clicking of Set Faulted Zone sets the active zone as a faulted zone for the isolation and restoration planning. The button changes into Undo Setting, which is used to remove the setting of the faulted zone (For more information about setting of the faulted zone, see "Manual Fault Managemen" on page 71). If the Faulted Remote Zone check box is selected in the Fault Management dialog box, the remote operated disconnector zone in which a fault has been located is shown with a warning color in the network window. Click the Restoration button in the Fault Management dialog to manually start the isolation and restoration planning of an active fault. The result of the isolation and restoration planning is the switching sequence presented in the Restoration dialog (Figure 48). Step opens the MicroSCADA control or station diagram of the first switch in which the switching action can be performed. If the MicroSCADA connection is not functioning, the OperaWS own dialog box is opened for performing the action and OperaWS is automatically moved to the Simulation Mode. The performed switching action is marked with the letter E at the beginning of the appropriate line in the switching sequence. If a switching action causes automatic opening of the switch, the performing of the switching sequence can be quitted by clicking Close of the dialog box. Then the new faulted zone can be defined and the 70

73 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management isolation and restoration planning be performed again in the changed switching state. The text in the status line of the Fault Management dialog changes to "Restored" after performing all switching actions. Close closes the dialog box. Figure 48. An example of the switching sequence produced by the isolation and restoration planning function The manual isolation and restoration planning can be used as a tool for experimental switching planning. After observing that the first approximation failed (i.e. a switching action of the switching sequence causes automatic opening of the switch), the definition of the faulted zone can be changed and the isolation and restoration planning performed again Manual Fault Management If OperaWS is in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode, the functions in the Fault Management dialog is used just to mark the fault repaired. Only if the OperaWS can not locate the fault definitely, the management of the fault is made with functions of the Fault Management dialog. If using the same workstation, this assumes the stopping of the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode. The function can also be done with some other OperaWS workstation. If the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode is not in the use, the new active fault is shown in the Fault Management dialog after fault location. The other faults can be selected from the list of unrepaired faults shown in the Fault Management dialog box. If the selected fault is a fault in substation or in a looped connection, the functions of the dialog box are limited (only receipting to repaired and viewing fault information). 71

74 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM Figure 49. The user interface during fault management in manual fault isolation and restoration The Fault Management dialog box includes a list of all faults under fault management. The dialog box is visible as long as there are unrepaired faults in the list (i.e. closing of the dialog box is not allowed). The list of faults includes some basic information. A fault number is prefixed by: S if it is a demonstration fault (i.e. a pure simulation). R if it is repaired (i.e. simulating an old fault). A if it is an archived fault No letter if it is a real unrepaired fault. An active fault is highlighted on the list. Clicking a fault with the left mouse button makes the fault active. At the same time the network is zoomed to the new active fault. 72

75 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management Figure 50. Fault Management dialog box SCADA info opens a separate dialog box, which shows more detailed information for the present active fault. This information can be changed for simulation purposes. The functions behind this button are described in greater detail in "Fault Location Simulation" on page 79. Repaired is used to indicate that the active fault has been repaired when the fault has been repaired and supply is restored. If the fault, which has been indicated, is not active, it should be selected as an active fault before clicking Repaired. If there are no faults remaining, OperaWS returns to the State Monitoring Mode or in other cases continues to show the next fault. In the case of a demonstration fault or an old already repaired fault, displaying of the fault is ended by Repaired. Note The fault cleared in the Automatic Fault Isolation and Restoration Mode must also indicate to be repaired with this function. Parameters opens a dialog box, which shows the fault location parameters. The parameters can be changed for simulation purposes. The functions behind this button are described in greater detail in "Fault Location Parameters" on page 40. Faulted Feeder (switching state) shows the network in its actual switching state. In the case of a real fault this is a default state. Faulted Feeder (snapshot) shows the switching state of the whole network just before the fault, and changes the mode of OperaWS to the Simulation Mode. The return back to the real time switching state is made by clicking Faulted Feeder (switching state). 73

76 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM The selection of the Arrow for fault distance check box enables the presentation of exact fault locations based on the calculated fault distance by an arrow in the network window. The selection of the Fault detector indication check box enables the presentation of a fault detector indication with a warning color in the network window. The selection of the Faulted Remote Zone check box enables the presentation of the remote operated disconnector zone in which a fault has been located with a warning color in the network window. The defining of the faulted zone has succeeded if the state line contains the text "Fault definitely located". After exact fault location the OperaWS can continue to the fault isolation and restoration switching planning (For more information about fault isolation and restoration switching planning, see "Manual Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 69). If there is some additional information, it is displayed in the Info box, for example, if the fault detector operations are incorrect, or two simultaneous faults along the faulted feeder can be supposed, the user is asked to click Detector Information, which opens a dialog box showing the fault detector data. Information is also given, if the calculated fault distance does not match with the feeder in which a fault has been happened (i.e. announcements: Measured fault current > fault current of the feeding point" or Measured fault current < fault current at the end of the feeder ). Under the Info box is the status line for presenting the data of the state of the isolation and restoration planning. The texts has the following meanings: "Fault location failed" : automatic fault location function did not succeed. "Fault definitely located" : fault located automatically or manually. "Restored": the switching actions of isolation and restoration have been performed. Restoration starts the isolation and restoration planning after definition of the faulted remote operated disconnector zone. A more detailed description of the isolation and restoration planning is given in "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66. Possible fault locations can be studied using the following buttons of Possible Fault Locations frame: Remote Contr. Disc. Zones opens a separate dialog box (Figure 51), which includes the names of the remote operated disconnector zones in which a fault is possible and the likelihood that they include the fault (For more information about inferencing the fault locations, see the System Description. ). The zone in question can be shown in the network window with a warning color by clicking the zone in the dialog box with the left mouse button. After selection of the zone the clicking of Set Faulted Zone sets the active zone as a faulted zone for the isolation and restoration planning (More information about switching plannings, see "Switching Planning" on page 83). 74

77 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management Figure 51. Fault locations (remote controlled zones) dialog box All Disconnector Zones opens a separate dialog box, which includes the names of the disconnector zones in which a fault is possible (including the manually operated disconnectors) and the likelihood that they include the fault in question (For more information about inferencing the fault locations, see the System Description.). After selection of the zone by the left mouse button, the active zone is shown with a warning color on the network window. Network Components opens a separate dialog box, which shows the line sections in which faults are possible in order of possibility (Figure 52). The previous switching device (manually operated disconnector, remote operated disconnector or circuit breaker) of each line section is shown. If the calculated fault distance matches the line section under consideration, the line for that section includes two extra values. The Dist1 row shows the distance between the calculated fault distance and the previous switching device. The Dist2 row shows the distance between the calculated fault distance and the feeding point in the main station. The line section under consideration can be shown in the network window with a warning color by clicking the line section in the dialog box with the left mouse button. At the same time an additional window is opened to show the fault location arguments for the line section under consideration (Figure 53). Figure 52. The list of possible faulted line sections in order of fault possibility 75

78 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM Figure 53. Additional Fault Location Information for the line section The Fault => All command opens a list of all faults, with the last fault at the top (Figure 54). The selection of the fault from the list, followed by clicking the OK, starts the fault location of that fault. Remove is used to remove the selected fault from the list and the hard disk. Archive transfers the active fault to the fault archive (For more information about fault archive, see "Archiving of the Fault Data" on page 77). The fault has an R before its number if it is repaired (i.e. old fault), and it doesn't have a letter if it is still an unrepaired fault Figure 54. The List of Faults dialog box 11.5 Management of On-Site Readable Fault Detector State The states of the remote readable fault detectors are obtained from MicroSCADA and the on-site readable detectors are managed by the user interface of OperaWS (For more information about integration of remote readable fault detectors, see the Administrator Manual). 76

79 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management If there is any fault under fault management in the instances of OperaWS, a change of the fault detector state also causes the fault location function for the active fault to be run again using the new fault detector information. The properties of the detectors can be studied and the operational states of the on-site readable detectors changed by OperaWS. By clicking a fault detector in the network window or on the diagram, the Fault detector data form is opened (Figure 55). Figure 55. The Fault Detector data form Switching the state of a detector to Operated or Non-operated updates the screen and sends a message to all instances of OperaWS to read the new fault detector state from the Opera database. If there is any fault under fault management, the selection also runs the fault location function (i.e. inferences possible fault locations) for the active fault again using the new fault detector information. If OperaWS is in the Simulation Mode (for example while studying an old repaired fault), confirmation is asked for the desirability of storing the update permanently in the real time Opera database, as well. The selection of a state always affects the network model and the fault file under simulation. The operational time of an on-site readable detector is managed by OperaWS, so that the operational time is always the present time relating to the selection of a state Archiving of the Fault Data The fault data of the repaired fault can be archived for continued consideration, for example reporting and outage data. The archiving is required to keep the number of 77

80 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM faults reasonable so that checking the status of faults is not too slow. The function transfers the fault and outage data of the active fault to the archive, remove the fault from the fault list and from the memory of OperaWS. Archiving is started with Archive in the List of Faults dialog box opened by the Fault => All command. Also, archiving is suggested if the List of Faults dialog box is opened by Fault => All command and there are over 40 faults on the list. Archiving is suggested for the oldest repaired faults. Next, the name of the fault archive is asked for (Figure 56). The default archive name is the present year. The name of the archive can contain letters and numbers. Ok to all is available in the case of the automatic fault archiving after 40 faults. The button accepts the default archive name for all archived faults. If the selected fault archive is not found in the OUTAGE directory, a new archive with that name is created and the data of the active fault is saved in this archive. The running number of the faults in all archives starts from one. If another user uses the archive at the same time, the archive is locked and information about that is shown to the user. Figure 56. Select Fault Archive dialog box If the archiving of the fault is not successful, the archive remains locked (for example in the case of disconnection to the fileserver) and a dialog box opens. The dialog box enables a new attempt. If the new attempt is not successful Release is displayed in the dialog box. Caution Release of the archive locking is not allowed if the archiving is incomplete in some other workstation. The fault archives can be browsed by selecting Fault => Archives command and choosing the archive from the list. Faults of the selected archive are listed in the List of Faults -dialog (Figure 57). 78

81 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management Figure 57. List of Faults dialog Click the Remove button to remove the selected fault from the archive and the Move button to move the selected fault to other archive. The archived fault has the same functionality in Fault Management dialog as an unarchived faults (For more information about functions in the dialog, see "Manual Fault Management" on page 71) Fault Location Simulation When SCADA info is clicked from the Fault Management dialog box, the SCADA Information dialog box is opened (Figure 58). This dialog box shows detailed information on the active, selected fault. The values can be changed and by using Simulation the fault location can be run again with new SCADA information values. The original values can always be retrieved from the fault file by using Original Values. Clicking Parameters from the Fault Management dialog box enables simulation of the influence of the fault location parameter changes (For more information about fault location parameters, see "Fault Location Parameters" on page 40). 79

82 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM Figure 58. SCADA information dialog box The fault location simulation function of OperaWS can also be used to create a new real fault, if there is some problem with the MicroSCADA connection. Simulation can also be used to make a demonstration fault for purely simulation purposes (for example a fault cleared by the autoreclosing function of the protection relay can be studied afterward using the manually read measured values of the relay). The Fault => New command opens the SCADA Information dialog box without any primary information. The user gives the required primary information and New fault (which replaces Simulation in this case) is clicked. If the simulated fault is a real one (i.e. MicroSCADA connection is not working), the REAL FAULT check box should be selected. The SCADA Information dialog box contains the following data: The Main substation and Tripped CB/Faulted feeder boxes determine the station and feeder (or tripped circuit breaker), in which the fault exists. The faulted feeder lists all the circuit breakers of the selected main station. The short-circuit impedance values for the feeding network and main transformer are updated based on the feeder selection. The Date and Time boxes define the starting time of the fault. The default value for a new fault is the current time. 80

83 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Fault Management The REAL FAULT check box defines if the fault is a real one. In the case of a pure demonstration fault, there is no selection. New fault is used to create a fault file and run the fault location function for the new fault. Simulation replaces this button if the dialog box is opened by selecting a real fault from the Fault Management dialog box. The original fault values of MicroSCADA, in case of a real fault, can be retrieved at any time by clicking Original values. The Operated fault detectors box lists all the fault detectors which have been operated during the fault. The indicated region of a fault detector can be shown in the network window with a warning color by double-clicking the fault detector. All Fault Detectors shows all the fault detectors on the screen with larger symbols. The Type of fault box defines the type of the fault to be either a 2- or 3 -phased shortcircuit or 1- or 2 -phased earth short-circuit or earth fault. Earth short-circuit faults can be selected only if network is earthed. If the fault current is measured with the busbar protection bay or feeder bay is defined in the Current Measurements frame. The values shown for Fault current (A) and Load current (A) come from the values measured before the fault by the measuring unit under consideration. Fault Current Buffer opens the dialog box which shows the latest registered fault current values of the measuring relay under consideration, if the relay includes such a register buffer. In the case of a permanent fault and final trip, which normally starts the fault location function, the last measured value of the short-circuit current is used as a default in the fault distance calculation. Generally, the final trip has been preceded by some autoreclosing. So the register also includes the measured values relating to the autoreclosing operations. For simulating the fault location with the fault current of the first circuit breaker opening (i.e. when the fault really occurs), the correct value is selected from the buffer dialog box and written in the SCADA Information dialog box. The measured real and reactive power values of the load just before the fault are defined under Transformer measurements. The short-circuit resistance and reactance of the feeding transmission network and main transformer supplying the faulted feeder is defined under Short circuit impedance. Also the negative and zero sequence resistance and reactance can be defined. The default values can be changed. Normally feeding network impedance values associated with the main transformers are used in the fault location. Using of an alternative switching states in feeding network requires different feeding network impedance values. Alternative feeding network impedance values can be used if they are defined (For more information about definition of alternative network impedance values, see the Administrator Manual). If the alternative impedance values are defined, the SCADA information dialog contains Alternatives box presenting the descriptions of alternative feeding network of the selected main substation and circuit breaker. Select the alternative situation and the corresponding resistance and reactance values to be used. The values associated with the main transformers can be used with the selection Default. 81

84 Open++ Opera v Fault Management 1MRS MUM If resistance or reactance values are changed manually during fault location, they can be saved to the fault file when fault state is set to be repaired (will be asked). Values can't be saved at the fault simulation. 82

85 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Switching Planning 12 Switching Planning 12.1 General about Switching Planning Switching planning functions require the Open++ Opera network analysis license. The isolation and restoration planning made during the fault management also requires Open++ Opera fault location license. OperaWS contains the isolation and restoration planning, which can also be used in experimental switching planning (For more information about fault isolation and restoration planning, see "Fault Isolation and Restoration" on page 66). OperaWS also contains function for reconfiguration (For more about reconfiguration function, see "Reconfiguration" on page 88). OperaWS contains the functions for planning the outages. The aim of the planning is to arrange the outage by causing as little disturbance to the customers as possible. Automatic planning functions generates the switching sequence, which notices the technical constraints of the network and the protection demands. The switching sequence contains opening and closing of the switch devices and other actions needed during the outage. Beyond the automatic switching planning OperaWS can be used to manually create a switching sequence. A switching sequence created manually or by the outage planning function can be modified, simulated and executed supported. The simulation of OperaWS can be used to examine the electrical state of the network and the functioning of the protection in any switching state (For more information about simulation, see "Changing of Switching State" on page 59). Simulation can be utilized in any switching planning situation. Also the use of load estimation during network analysis to the existing network or to the simulated switching state supports the switching planning (For more information about load estimation, see "Load Estimation" on page 61) Outage Planning In the normal switching state the switching planning is needed to plan switching actions to disconnect the line sections for outages and restore the supply after outages. The planning of outage starts by defining the basic data of the outage via the dialog box opened by the Operations => Start Switching Planning command (Figure 59). 83

86 Open++ Opera v Switching Planning 1MRS MUM Figure 59. Switching planning parameters dialog box The Switching Planning Parameters dialog box contains the following definitions: The Day of week box defines the day of the week for which the outage plan is to be made. The day can be selected using the drop-down list. The default is the present day. The Hour (0-23) box defines the hour of the day for which the outage plan is to be made. The default is the present hour. The Required on-load capacity of switches box defines the maximum load current in amperes (A) the disconnector can break (For more information about load current, see the System Description. ). The default is 0. The Operations => Outage Location command is used to define the location of the outage in the network window, network diagram or substation diagram with the left mouse button. After selection of the line section it is drawn with the red color. The outage planning starts with the Operations => Create Sequence Management command. OperaWS automatically moves to the Switching Planning Mode. The Sequence Management dialog box opens and presents the switching sequence as a result of the switching planning function (Figure 60). The generated sequence can be implemented by MicroSCADA using the defined interface. The sequence must include only switches controllable in MicroSCADA. The network is presented according to the switching state during the outage. The outage area is colored with the unsupplied line color and the network before and after the outage area according to the changed topology and the network analysis. The manner of representation of the network can be chosen with the View => Coloring command. The switching sequence can be modified and examined using the functions of the Sequence Management dialog box (For more information about switching sequence, see "Modifying, Simulating and Executing the Switching Plan" on page 85). The saving of the switching plan is possible during closing of the dialog box with Close. The Operations => Stop Planning command returns OperaWS to the State Monitoring Mode. 84

87 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Switching Planning 12.3 Modifying, Simulating and Executing the Switching Plan The Sequence Management dialog box is open in the Switching Planning Mode (Figure 60). The dialog box is opened after opening of the saved plan with the Operations => Open Switching Plan command, after starting the switching planning with the Operations => New Switching Plan or Operations => Sequence Management command. The dialog box starts the modification, simulation and execution of the switching plan. Figure 60. An example of Sequence Management dialog box The text box in the top of the dialog box is for free text specification of the plan. Also the box for the planner is available. The date and time of the creation and changing of the plan is acknowledged. The mode for the tasks is defined under Mode. The selection of the mode affects the available buttons and the functions of them. When the Add/Edit is selected the editing and/or adding of switching actions is possible. The insertion of a switching action is made as with the normal change of switch state using the network window (For more information about changing the switching state, see "Switching Devices Not Connected to MicroSCADA" on page 50). The switching action is entered last in the switching sequence. Move moves the selected switching action to the new place in the switching sequence. Edit enables the insertion of text comment at the end of the switching action. The dialog box for inserting the text and/or receipting the execution is opened (Figure 61). The execution time stamp is also given. 85

88 Open++ Opera v Switching Planning 1MRS MUM Figure 61. An example of the Operation dialog box Remove removes the chosen switching action from the sequence. Listing opens the preview window of the switching plan for printing (Figure 62). The menu of the preview window accounts for the function needed in this state. The plan can be saved or printed. The File => Save as Text File command saves the plan in the file, which can be opened in any text editor. The File => Close command closes the preview window and returns to the network view in OperaWS. The File => Print command sends the plan to the printer defined by the File => Print Setup command. The File => Print Preview opens the standard preview window, where the plan listing can be seen before sending to the printer. Figure 62. An example of the switching plan listing Close closes the Sequence Management dialog box, asks if the plan is wanted to be saved and returns to the State Monitoring Mode. 86

89 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Switching Planning In the Simulation and Execution modes Step performs one step of the switching sequence at a time. In the simulation mode OperaWS simulates the topology and network analysis during the switching sequence by offering the possibility to examine the effect of every switching action. The letter S at the beginning of the switching action indicates the simulated switching action. In the execution mode OperaWS performs the real switching sequence process. After clicking Step one switching action is performed. In the case of the switching device connected to MicroSCADA, the MicroSCADA control or station picture is opened for changing the switching state of the appropriate switching device. In the case of the switching device not connected to MicroSCADA, the state of the switch is automatically changed. The indication of the active operation is also forwarded if the switching action is performed in some other way than clicking Step (for example direct control of the switching device via the network window or menu command). The letter E at the beginning and the time stamp at the end of the switching action indicates the performed switching action. The data can be changed afterward in the Add/Edit mode. Also, the data of the not performed action between performed actions must be changed manually. The Simulation mode also contains Rewind, which moves the simulation to the top of the switching sequence. 87

90 Open++ Opera v Reconfiguration 1MRS MUM 13 Reconfiguration 13.1 General The reconfiguration function helps to find an optimal switching state with minimal losses in existing load situation. The function is applicable for radial operated networks. The function searches for pairs of an open switch to close and closed switch to open in order to achieve maximum reduction of losses. The real switching actions are made by the operator. Start reconfiguration by selecting the Operations => Reconfiguration command. The Reconfiguration Settings dialog opens (Figure 63). Figure 63. Reconfiguration Settings dialog In the Mode box the operator can choose whether all switches or only the remote controlled switches will be included in optimization. With the Algorithm box the user can also select Single trial or Double trial algorithm for optimization. Single trial method and double trial methot. The Single trial method is faster, but the double trial may provide better results. The Frozen open points box contains a list of switches that are currently fixed to be open i.e. are not changed during the reconfiguration. You can insert switches to the list by clicking the Insert button and then clicking on the switch in network window. Clicking the Remove button removes the currently selected switch from the list. You can bring back a previously saved list by clicking Load button. The standard file open 88

91 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Reconfiguration dialog opens up to allow you to select the file containing the list. Correspondingly the Save button allows you to save the list in file. When the Highlight check box is selected the frozen points are marked with the defined symbol in network window (For more information about symbol definition, see the Administrator Manual). Also the selected switch in list is marked with inverse color circle. When you have made all the selections needed click OK to start the optimization. The optimization process starts. A window with curve showing the progress (losses in kw) opens up (Figure 64). Figure 64. Optimization window Executing Stop button is enabled and can be used to interrupt the process while optimization is still running. The reconfiguration results are shown in Reconfiguration dialog (Figure 65). The Proposed changes lists the close/open switch operations which have been detected to result loss reduction. You can uncheck some changes and click Recalculate button to see the effect in results. 89

92 Open++ Opera v Reconfiguration 1MRS MUM Figure 65. Reconfiguration window The Save button can be used to save the results in a file and to print the results out. When the Highlight check box is selected the corresponding part of network is colored with warning color in network window. Also the selected changes in the list are marked with alarm color. The Current view box contains radio buttons, which can be used to change network view to show the switching state before and after the reconfiguration. 90

93 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Field Crew Management 14 Field Crew Management 14.1 Field Crew Management During fault clearing not only the remote controlled switches but also the manual operated switches need to be used. The control of manually operated switches needs the attendance of the field crew. At least the repairing of the fault requires the field crew to be able to move in the terrain. The efficient organization of the field crew movements speeds the fault clearance by cutting the time needed for disconnection and repairing of the fault. The View => Show => Field Crew command shows the location of all defined field crews with the defined symbol in the network windows together with background maps. The user can rapidly create a general view with the locations of field crews and possible faults. The field crew can be chosen from the network window by clicking with the left mouse button. The free data form of the field crew is opened (For more information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25). The File => Field Crew Management command opens the dialog box for defining the location of the field crews and for modifying the basic data of the field crews (Figure 66). Figure 66. Field Crew Management dialog box The Field Crew Management dialog box contains the following functions: Add and Edit are used to add and edit the field crew basic data. The modification is focused on the active field crew. The free data form of the field crew (Figure 67) is opened (For more information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25). Save of the free data form saves the additions and modifications. 91

94 Open++ Opera v Field Crew Management 1MRS MUM Figure 67. An example of free form database for field crew Remove removes the data of the active field crew. Show Location locates the active field crew, highlights it and shows it with the defined symbol in the network window. New Location enables the active field crew to be graphically located on the network window. Add-In Data enables browsing and maintaining of the separate information file for field crews. The file type must be registered to a program in the workstation (for example doc file type is registered to MS Word). At the first time the standard fileopening dialog box is opened and the content of the DATA directory is shown. After selection and saving of the file it becomes the default file in the file-opening dialog box. Help opens the online help with the appropriate help texts. 92

95 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Customer Service 15 Customer Service 15.1 General Open++ Opera contains customer service function. The function requires the customer data to be imported or linked to a table defined in the system (For more information about linking the customer information, see the Administrator Manual). Click the View => Customer Information command to open the Customer Search dialog (Figure 68). Figure 68. Customer search dialog box Define the base of the search by the Searching instruction field. The search can be based on customer name, customer node or any other customer information in the database. The last search base is saved as default for every OperaWS workstation. Define the search criteria with the field beside the Search button and start the search with the Search button. The found customers are listed in the dialog. The number of found customers is showed in the dialog. The Locate button locates the selected customer's MV/LV substation and shows it with the location symbol. If the MV/LV substation is outside the current view, the zoom area will be moved and the MV/LV substation will be centered using the current zoom level. 93

96 Open++ Opera v Customer Service 1MRS MUM Click the Unsupplied Customers button to list all currently unsupplied customers in the dialog. This function makes the location of the unsupplied customer possible. The View => Unsupplied Customers command shows the unsupplied customers using the free data form after confirmation. The data form can be used to browse the customer data or to locate the customer. 94

97 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Database Analysis 16 Database Analysis 16.1 Database Analysis Database analysis produces summaries and collections of data from the network database. A query can be restricted to the entire network data or to a selected object group. The query filters can contain one or more constraints (for example manufacturing year before 70 and the last maintenance made before year 95), which are then used to pick up the data from the database. The administrator can create queries using MS Access capabilities (For more information about creating queries, see the Administrator Manual). The results can be seen in table format in MS Access. The queries containing coordinate or node code data can be seen in graphical form in OperaWS and OperaNE. The graphical queries can be focused on the restricted nodes if defined so in MS Access Graphical Queries in Open++ Opera Graphical queries saved in MS Access can be executed in OperaWS and OperaNE (For more information about creating graphical queries, see the Administrator Manual). Simple graphical queries can also be created using the functions of OperaWS or OperaNE. The View => Database Queries => Select Query to Execute command opens the dialog box for selection of the query. The queries saved in MS Access which can be illustrated graphically are shown in the list of this dialog box. Figure 69. An example of the results of the graphical query 95

98 Open++ Opera v Database Analysis 1MRS MUM The View => Database Queries => Query Info command opens an information window showing the name of the query and the object results. The View => Database Queries => Clear Results in Network Window command removes the results from the screen (Figure 69). The View => Graphical Database Queries command opens a dialog box (Figure 70), which is used to create simple graphical queries and present the results of many graphical queries simultaneously. Figure 70. Graphical Database Queries dialog box The dialog box contains five separate query boxes. Each box contains the definition of the query. The base of the query is a database table or query chosen from the drop-down list. The list contains all tables and queries containing coordinate data or node code. Next, there are two parts defining the query constraints. The drop-down lists contain the fields of the selected table or query. The constraint box is an edit box, where individual values or normal SQL operators (<,<=,>,>=,<>,*) together with the values can be entered. The accepted values of the box can be figured out by opening the appropriate table or query in MS Access. Between the parts are option buttons for selecting the and or or operator to combine the query constraints. If both edit boxes are left empty, all records of the table or query are included in the results. If only one constraint is needed, the edit box of the other part is left empty. 96

99 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Database Analysis Selecting the Execute check box executes the query together with other queries defined after clicking Execute. Color opens the standard color definition dialog box for defining the color to represent results. The size of the circle to represent results is defined by selecting from drop-down list. A symbol with the selected color and size is shown opposite as an example. After executing the queries, the number of resulting objects in the network database and in existing network window is shown. The data is refreshed after every change in the network window zoom. The Graphical database queries dialog box contains following buttons: Execute Executes all the queries defined and the Execute check box selected in each query box, and represents the results with defined circles (Figure 69). The network window can be zoomed and panned normally. Empty All Clears the values of every box and removes the query results from the network window. Save Saves the queries and definitions of the dialog box into the file defined in the standard file-saving dialog box opening. Open Opens the standard file-opening dialog box and shows the queries and definitions of the file in the dialog box. The queries can be executed with the Execute button. Close Closes the dialog box and removes the result from the network window. Figure 71. An example of the results from many graphical queries 97

100 Open++ Opera v Database Analysis 1MRS MUM 16.3 Graphical Restriction of the Query Focus The View => Database Queries => Select Nodes in Network Window command enables restriction of the query to the graphically selected nodes. After selecting the function the dialog box for defining the node type is opened. The drop-down list of node types can be used to select a separate node type (also contains the free database objects) or the All Node Types check box to select all regular node types to be included in the query (not the free database objects). Next the area of the restricted query is defined by clicking the left mouse button down on one corner of the area and releasing it on the opposite corner. The number of selected nodes and the codes and names of them are shown in the Selected Nodes dialog box (Figure 72). Remove removes the selected node from the list. Browse opens the free data form of the first selected node. The selected nodes can be browsed with the buttons in a data form (For more information about free data forms, see "Free Data Forms" on page 25). After clicking of OK in the Selected Nodes dialog box, the contents of the dialog box is saved into a particular table in the database. If this table is included during creation of a query in MS Access the query can be restricted to the selected nodes (For more information about graphical restriction in the query, see the Administrator Manual). Figure 72. Selected Nodes dialog box 98

101 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Document Archive 17 Document Archive 17.1 Document Archive Documents are data files (for example pictures or text documents) attached to the nodes of the network. The documents attached to network nodes can be browsed in OperaWS. First select the line section preceding the component from the network window, network diagram or substation diagram. Then click Document in the node dialog box. The browsing of the documents can also be done with the Documents of the free data form. The button is unavailable if no documents are attached to the component. If more than one document is attached to the component, the function opens a table containing all the documents (Figure 73). Figure 73. An example of the table containing the documents attached to the component The document can be opened by selecting the document from the table and by clicking the right mouse button for opening the shortcut menu. Then click the Select function from the shortcut menu. A document can also be opened by double-clicking the document of the table. The Find in Field function can be used to find the document from the table. The Close function closes the table. The Component Document dialog box opens after selection of the document (Figure 74). Figure 74. An example of the Component Document dialog box The dialog box is closed with Close. Show (or double-clicking the picture) opens a separate window to present the picture. Show is not visible if the document is not a picture. Open opens the document in the software with which the file type is registered (for example doc file type is opened in MS Word). Documents can also be browsed with the File => Documents => Components command, which opens the free data form of documents (Figure 75). The File => 99

102 Open++ Opera v Document Archive 1MRS MUM Documents => Attached Files command opens the standard file-opening dialog box for finding the attachment file. The selected file opens in the software, with which the file type is registered. Figure 75. An example of the free data form of documents Connecting documents to the components is made in OperaNE. 100

103 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Map Printing 18 Map Printing 18.1 Map Printing OperaWS and OperaNE contain versatile graphical printing properties. Database data together with geographical background maps gives plenty of alternatives to print out network diagrams, site maps, substation diagrams and so on. The File => Print Preview/Map Printing command opens the Map Printing dialog box for defining the print settings (Figure 76). Figure 76. Map Printing dialog box The following parameters can be defined in the Map Printing dialog box: The Scale box defines the scale, which is used in printing. OperaWS gives the list of the scales. The user can also give a free number; for example 4500 defines the scale to be 1:4500. The Monochrome raster maps box contains the Output color box defines the color used as the background color for black and white raster map material printing. 101

104 Open++ Opera v Map Printing 1MRS MUM OperaWS gives the list of useful colors. The Shade of gray defines the darkness of the color. The best color depends on the printer used. Grey is a good color for black and white Postscript laser printer. Black must be chosen for a normal black and white laser printer. The legend texts of the map print is defined under Output strings. The box contains text lines for Title, Specification, Chart and Drawer. The Print Legend check box defines if the title texts are printed out or not. Selecting the Underground Cables Using Dash Line check box prints the underground cables with dash lines. The Print Out check box, which defines if the additional text is printed or not, is defined under Additional text printing. Edit opens NodePad software for the writing of text to be printed out on the bottom-left corner of the map printout. Printer setup opens the standard Print Setup dialog box. The same dialog box can be opened with the File => Printer Setup command. Network color and line widths in map printing can be defined in OperaNE (For more information about definition of network line width, see the Administrator Manual). After you click OK the white rectangle is displayed on the network window to show the map printing area. The size and direction of the rectangle correspond with the chosen scale and the printer's paper size setup. A left mouse button click drops the rectangle down and sets the area to be printed. Before closing the area you can freely zoom and pan the network window (the white rectangle temporarily disappears). The Esc key will cancel the function. The next phase before printing is to look at the network map with the legend and info texts in a print preview window (Figure 77). The settings of map printing can also be done via the File => Map Printing Setup command. This command is not for previewing and printing of the map. The function can be used to zoom the network window near to the chosen scale (assumes that the paper size is near the screen size). The preview and printing is made only via the File => Print Preview/Map Printing command. The printer setup can be done either with the File => Printer Setup command or with Printer Setup in the Map Printing dialog box. 102

105 1MRS MUM Open++ Opera v Map Printing Figure 77. An example of preview window in map printing 103

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