Introduction to UNIX Command Line
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- Darrell Gordon White
- 6 years ago
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1 Introduction to UNIX Command Line Files and directories Some useful commands (echo, cat, grep, find, diff, tar) Redirection Pipes Variables Background processes Remote connections (e.g. ssh, curl) Scripts
2 The Command Line What is it? An interface to UNIX You type commands, things happen Also referred to as a shell We'll use the bash shell check you're using it by typing (you'll see what this means later): echo $SHELL If it doesn't say bash, then type bash to get into the bash shell
3 Files and Directories / home var usr mcuser abenson drmentor science catvideos stuff data code report M51.fits simulate.c analyze.py report.tex
4 Files and Directories Get a pre-made set of directories and files to work with We'll talk about what these commands do later The $ is the command prompt (yours might differ). Type what's listed after it, then press enter. $ curl curl -L -L -o -o playground.tar ' $ tar tar xvf xvf playground.tar
5 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
6 Files and directories Present Working Directory $ pwd pwd Shows the full path of your current /home/abenson location in the filesystem. $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
7 Files and directories $ pwd pwd Change Directory /home/abenson $ cd cd playground Change to a new directory relative to $ pwd pwd current location unless you give a full /home/abenson/playground path animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
8 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd LiSt /home/abenson/playground List the content of the current directory. animals documents science Shows both directories and files. $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
9 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground MaKe DIRectory animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff Make a new directory in the current $ ls directory ls animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
10 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground MaKe DIRectory animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff Make a new directory in the current $ ls directory ls animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
11 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals Options -l to ls requests a long badger.txt porcupine.txt listing. -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
12 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals Options -l to ls requests a long badger.txt porcupine.txt listing. -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt
13 Files and directories $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd playground $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground animals documents science $ mkdir mystuff animals documents mystuff science $ cd cd animals/mammals badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt Permissions User Group Size in bytes Creation time File name
14 Files and directories -a -a..... badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cd cd. $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground/animals/mammals $ cd cd.... $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground/animals $ cd cd $ pwd pwd /home/abenson $ cd cd ~ $ pwd pwd /home/abenson
15 Files and directories $ cd cd ~/playground/animals/mammals/ badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt $ chmod go+w go+w badger.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-rw-rw-. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt $ cp cp badger.txt super_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_badger.txt $ mv mv super_badger.txt super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_mellivorinae.txt
16 Files and directories $ cd cd ~/playground/animals/mammals/ badger.txt porcupine.txt CHange MODe -l -l total 8 Changes permissions for the file: -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson u 1944 = user 1944 May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson g 1347 = group 1347 May May :05 porcupine.txt $ chmod go+w go+w badger.txt o = other -l -l total 8 +-= add, remove, set -rw-rw-rw-. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson rwx read, May May write, :05 execute porcupine.txt $ cp cp badger.txt super_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_badger.txt $ mv mv super_badger.txt super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_mellivorinae.txt
17 Files and directories $ cd cd ~/playground/animals/mammals/ CoPy badger.txt porcupine.txt Make a copy of a file you give the -l -l name of the original file, followed total 8 by the new file. -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt $ chmod go+w go+w badger.txt -l -l total 8 -rw-rw-rw-. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt $ cp cp badger.txt super_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_badger.txt $ mv mv super_badger.txt super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_mellivorinae.txt
18 Files and directories $ cd cd ~/playground/animals/mammals/ badger.txt porcupine.txt -l -l total 8 MoVe -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson Move 1347 (rename) 1347 May May 31 a 31 18:05 file you porcupine.txt give the $ chmod go+w go+w badger.txt name of the original file, followed -l by the new name. -l total 8 -rw-rw-rw-. 1 abenson abenson May May :03 badger.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 abenson abenson May May :05 porcupine.txt $ cp cp badger.txt super_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_badger.txt $ mv mv super_badger.txt super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt super_mellivorinae.txt
19 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ man man less less NAME NAME less less - opposite of of more more SYNOPSIS less less -? -? less less --help
20 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores $ man man less less NAME NAME echo less less - opposite of of more more Write the given text to screen (or SYNOPSIS somewhere else more of this less less -? -? later). less less --help
21 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores $ man man less less NAME NAME concatenate less less - opposite of of more more Take the content of all files listed, SYNOPSIS join them together, and write it out. less less -? -? less less --help
22 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores $ man man less less NAME NAME concatenate less less - opposite of of more more Take the content of all files listed, SYNOPSIS join them together, and write it out. less less -? -? less less --help
23 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores $ man man less less NAME NAME more less less - opposite of of more more Display contents of a file to terminal SYNOPSIS with pagination (use return or space less less -? -? to step through). less less --help
24 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores $ man man less less NAME NAME less less less - opposite of of more more Fancy version of more. Scroll SYNOPSIS forward and backward. Search ( / ), less less -? -? etc. less less --help
25 Useful Commands $ echo echo "Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me?" me?" Hello? Can Can you you hear hear me? me? $ cat cat badger.txt MANual Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ cat cat badger.txt porcupine.txt Show documentation for a command. Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... Porcupines are are rodents with with a coat coat of of sharp spines... $ more more badger.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores... $ less less badget.txt Badgers are are short-legged omnivores $ man man less less NAME NAME less less - opposite of of more more SYNOPSIS less less -? -? less less --help
26 Useful Commands $ grep grep skunk badger.txt members of of the the skunk family, placing $ grep grep rodent *.txt porcupine.txt:porcupines are are rodents porcupine.txt:porcupines are are the the third-largest of of the the rodents, $ cd cd $ find find playground -name "*.txt" playground/animals/mammals/super_mellivorinae.txt playground/animals/mammals/badger.txt playground/animals/mammals/porcupine.txt playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt $ find find playground -type d playground playground/documents playground/animals playground/animals/mammals playground/animals/reptiles playground/science
27 Useful Commands $ grep grep skunk badger.txt members of of the the skunk family, placing $ grep grep rodent *.txt porcupine.txt:porcupines are are rodents porcupine.txt:porcupines are are the the third-largest of of the the rodents, $ cd cd $ find find playground -name "*.txt" playground/animals/mammals/super_mellivorinae.txt Get Regualr ExPression playground/animals/mammals/badger.txt playground/animals/mammals/porcupine.txt Search for a word (or words) in a file. playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt $ find find playground -type d playground playground/documents playground/animals playground/animals/mammals playground/animals/reptiles playground/science
28 Useful Commands $ grep grep skunk badger.txt members of of the the skunk family, placing $ grep grep rodent *.txt porcupine.txt:porcupines are are rodents porcupine.txt:porcupines are are the the third-largest of of the the rodents, $ cd cd $ find find playground -name "*.txt" playground/animals/mammals/super_mellivorinae.txt playground/animals/mammals/badger.txt playground/animals/mammals/porcupine.txt playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt $ find find playground -type d playground Wildcards playground/documents playground/animals * matches any sequence of characters playground/animals/mammals? matches any single character playground/animals/reptiles playground/science
29 Useful Commands $ grep grep skunk badger.txt members of of the the skunk family, placing $ grep grep rodent *.txt porcupine.txt:porcupines are are rodents porcupine.txt:porcupines are are the the third-largest of of the the rodents, $ cd cd $ find find playground -name "*.txt" playground/animals/mammals/super_mellivorinae.txt playground/animals/mammals/badger.txt playground/animals/mammals/porcupine.txt playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt $ find find playground -type d playground find playground/documents playground/animals Search a path for files/directories that playground/animals/mammals match some specification playground/animals/reptiles playground/science
30 Redirection $ rm rm super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cd cd playground/animals/mammals/ $ cat cat badger.txt > another_badger.txt another_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cat cat > list_of_mammals.txt bat bat cat cat ocelot camel ^D ^D $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt bat bat cat cat ocelot camel
31 Useful Commands $ tar tar cvf cvf playground.tar playground playground/ playground/documents/ playground/mystuff/ playground/animals/ playground/animals/mammals/ playground/animals/mammals/super_mellivorinae.txt playground/animals/mammals/badger.txt playground/animals/mammals/porcupine.txt playground/animals/reptiles/ playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt playground/science/ playground playground.tar
32 Useful Commands $ tar tar cvf cvf playground.tar playground playground/ playground/documents/ playground/mystuff/ playground/animals/ playground/animals/mammals/ playground/animals/mammals/super_mellivorinae.txt Tape ARchive playground/animals/mammals/badger.txt playground/animals/mammals/porcupine.txt Combine all files (and directories) into playground/animals/reptiles/ one archive file. Useful for sharing playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt data, archiving etc. playground/science/ Use: playground playground.tar tar xvf playground.tar to re-extract.
33 Redirection $ rm rm super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cd cd playground/animals/mammals/ $ cat cat badger.txt > another_badger.txt another_badger.txt badger.txt ReMove porcupine.txt $ cat cat > list_of_mammals.txt bat bat Delete a file. THERE IS NO UNDO!!! cat cat ocelot Add -r option to recursively remove all camel files in a directory. ^D ^D $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt THERE IS NO UNDO!!!!!!!!!!!!! bat bat cat cat ocelot camel
34 Redirection $ rm rm super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cd cd playground/animals/mammals/ $ cat cat badger.txt > another_badger.txt another_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cat cat > list_of_mammals.txt bat bat cat cat Redirection ocelot camel > sends output to named file instead ^D ^D of to the terminal. So, this was a way $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt to make a copy of our file. bat bat cat cat ocelot camel
35 Redirection $ rm rm super_mellivorinae.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cd cd playground/animals/mammals/ $ cat cat badger.txt > another_badger.txt another_badger.txt badger.txt porcupine.txt $ cat cat > list_of_mammals.txt bat bat cat cat ocelot camel ^D ^D Redirection $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt bat bat No input file given.. Terminal waits for cat cat you to type input. Whatever you type ocelot goes into the file. camel
36 Redirection $ echo echo "More badger stuff here here later." >> >> another_badger.txt $ cat cat badger.txt... More More badger stuff to to go go here here later. $ diff diff badger.txt another_badger.txt 7a8 7a8 > More More badger stuff to to go go here here later.
37 Redirection $ echo echo "More badger stuff here here later." >> >> another_badger.txt $ cat cat badger.txt... More More badger stuff to to go go here here later. $ diff diff badger.txt another_badger.txt 7a8 7a8 Append > More More badger stuff to to go go here here later. Like >, but appends instead of over-writing.
38 Redirection $ echo echo "More badger stuff here here later." >> >> another_badger.txt $ cat cat badger.txt... More More badger stuff to to go go here here later. $ diff diff badger.txt another_badger.txt 7a8 7a8 > More More badger stuff to to go go here here later. DIFFerence Show differences between two files.
39 Redirection and Pipes (and Sorting) $ sort sort list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ sort sort < list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt sort sort bat bat camel cat cat ocelot
40 Redirection and Pipes (and Sorting) $ sort sort list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ sort sort < list_of_mammals.txt bat Sort bat camel cat Sort input into alphanumerical order. cat ocelot $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt sort sort bat bat camel cat cat ocelot
41 Redirection and Pipes (and Sorting) $ sort sort list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ sort sort < list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt sort sort bat bat camel Redirect input cat cat ocelot Redirects input from a file into a command.
42 Redirection and Pipes (and Sorting) $ sort sort list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ sort sort < list_of_mammals.txt bat bat camel cat cat ocelot $ cat cat list_of_mammals.txt sort sort bat bat camel cat cat ocelot Pipe takes output from first command and sends it as input to second.
43 Variables $ echo echo $SHELL /bin/bash $ echo echo $USER abenson $ echo echo $HOME /home/abenson $ workpath=$home/playground $ cd cd $workpath $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground
44 Variables $ echo echo $SHELL /bin/bash $ echo echo $USER abenson Environment Variables $ echo echo $HOME /home/abenson $ means replace following with the $ workpath=$home/playground value of the named variable. $ cd cd $workpath $ pwd pwd The shell sets up many environment /home/abenson/playground variables, such as those shown.
45 Variables $ echo echo $SHELL /bin/bash $ echo echo $USER abenson $ echo echo $HOME /home/abenson $ workpath=$home/playground $ cd cd $workpath $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground User Variables Define your own variables and then use them in the command line.
46 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z $ jobs jobs $ fg fg $ ^Z ^Z $ bg bg $ jobs jobs
47 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z $ jobs jobs $ fg fg $ ^Z ^Z $ bg bg $ jobs jobs A script we ll learn more about scripts soon this one just writes annoying messages
48 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z Cancel [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ jobs jobs ^C cancels the running command [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ fg fg $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ bg bg [1]+ [1]+./job.sh & $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Running./job.sh & $./job.sh & [2] [2] 21194
49 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ jobs jobs Suspend [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ fg fg ^Z suspends the running command $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ bg bg [1]+ [1]+./job.sh & $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Running./job.sh & $./job.sh & [2] [2] 21194
50 Background Processes $./job/.sh $ ^C ^C $./job/.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ fg fg Jobs $./job/.sh $ ^Z ^Z Shows a list of jobs running or [1]+ [1]+ Stopped suspended./job.sh $ bg bg [1]+ [1]+./job.sh & $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Running./job.sh & $./job/.sh & [2] [2] 21194
51 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ fg fg $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z ForeGround [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ bg bg Bring the last suspended job back into [1]+ [1]+./job.sh & the foregound (i.e. start running again). $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Running./job.sh & $./job.sh & [2] [2] 21194
52 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ fg fg $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ bg bg [1]+ [1]+./job.sh & $ jobs jobs BackGround [1]+ [1]+ Running./job.sh & $./job.sh & Run the last suspended job in the [2] [2] background.
53 Background Processes $./job.sh $ ^C ^C $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ jobs jobs [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ fg fg $./job.sh $ ^Z ^Z [1]+ [1]+ Stopped./job.sh $ bg bg [1]+ [1]+./job.sh & $ jobs jobs & [1]+ [1]+ Running./job.sh & $./job.sh & Start the command in the background. [2] [2] 21194
54 Network and Remote Connections $ hostname dhcp225.obs.carnegiescience.edu $ ssh ssh testuser@mies.stanford.edu Last Last login: Thu Thu Jun Jun 2 14:03: from from ociw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] hostname obs-ssh.ad.ciw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] exit exit Connection to to mies.stanford.edu closed. $ cd cd animals/mammals $ scp scp badger.txt testuser@mies.stanford.edu:myname.txt badger.txt 100% 100% KB/s 00:00 $ ssh ssh testuser@mies.stanford.edu Last Last login: Thu Thu Jun Jun 2 14:03: from from ociw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] ls ls badger.txt testuser@mies ~] ~] rm rm myname.txt testuser@mies ~] ~] exit exit Connection to to mies.stanford.edu closed.
55 Network and Remote Connections $ hostname dhcp225.obs.carnegiescience.edu $ ssh ssh testuser@mies.stanford.edu Last Last login: Thu Thu Jun Jun 2 14:03: from from ociw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] hostname obs-ssh.ad.ciw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] exit exit Secure SHell Connection to to ssh.obs.carnegiescience.edu closed. $ cd cd animals/mammals Open a shell on a remote server. $ scp scp badger.txt testuser@mies.stanford.edu: badger.txt 100% 100% Password 1.9KB/s is: HvtTc6Bw 00:00 $ ssh ssh testuser@mies.stanford.edu Last Last login: Thu Thu Jun Jun 2 14:03: from from ociw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] ls ls badger.txt testuser@mies ~] ~] rm rm badger.txt testuser@mies ~] ~] exit exit Connection to to ssh.obs.carnegiescience.edu closed.
56 Network and Remote Connections $ hostname dhcp225.obs.carnegiescience.edu $ ssh ssh testuser@mies.stanford.edu Last Last login: Thu Thu Jun Jun 2 14:03: from from ociw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] hostname obs-ssh.ad.ciw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] exit exit Connection to to ssh.obs.carnegiescience.edu closed. $ cd cd animals/mammals $ scp scp badger.txt testuser@mies.stanford.edu: badger.txt 100% 100% KB/s 00:00 $ ssh ssh testuser@mies.stanford.edu Secure CoPy Last Last login: Thu Thu Jun Jun 2 14:03: from from ociw.edu testuser@mies ~] ~] ls ls Copy a file to a remote server. Or from badger.txt remote server to your laptop testuser@mies ~] ~] rm rm badger.txt testuser@mies ~] ~] exit exit Password is: HvtTc6Bw Connection to to ssh.obs.carnegiescience.edu closed.
57 Network and Remote Connections $ curl curl -L -L -o -o playground1.tar ' curl Download a file from a URL. Useful for downloading big datasets on a remote server.
58 Scripts #!/bin/sh echo echo This This is is a script. echo echo Hello user user $USER echo echo Here Here are are all all the the files I can can find find find. -type f exit exit
59 Scripts $ cd cd ~/playground $./script.sh This This is is a script... Hello user user abensonca Here Here are are all all the the files I can can find./script.sh./animals/mammals/badger.txt./animals/mammals/porcupine.txt./animals/reptiles/caiman.txt
60 Scripts:.bashrc The script in ~/.bashrc gets run every time you log in Use it to configure the environment the way you want it to be For example, you could add an alias: $ alias up='cd..'..' $ cd cd ~/playground/animals $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground/animals $ up up $ pwd pwd /home/abenson/playground
61 Bonus: Text Editing with EMACS There are many text editors in Unix Use whichever you prefer One option available everywhere is EMACS $ emacs playground/animals/reptiles/caiman.txt & [1] [1] 29575
62 Bonus: Text Editing with EMACS Open file ^X^F Save file ^X^S Cut ^W Paste ^Y Close file ^X^K Search forward ^S Exit EMACS ^X^C Search backward ^R
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