Getting Started With UNIX Lab Exercises
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1 Getting Started With UNIX Lab Exercises This is the lab exercise handout for the Getting Started with UNIX tutorial. The exercises provide hands-on experience with the topics discussed in the tutorial. Each exercise provides a description of what you should try to do followed in bold font by what you need to type. The exercises assume you are using a tutorial account on a PC in an Information Technology Computing Lab. If you are working on these exercises on your own account, or if you are using a text-based terminal, please refer to Appendix A before continuing. Connecting to the ACS Cluster LAB EXERCISE ONE 1. If you are using a PC in an Information Services & Technology Computing Lab, you will first need to enter your username and password to log on to the PC. After logging into the PC environment, double-click on the X-Win32 icon on your desktop to display the X host menu. Use the mouse to move the cursor to one of the ACS machines (e.g. acs1, acs2, acsrs1, etc.) on the host menu and double-click the left mouse button. 2. After you select a host, you will be prompted for your username and password. Enter the username tuta# at the login: prompt. Replace # with the number printed on the front of your computer. The password for this tutorial will be provided by the instructor. Note: The password will not be echoed to the screen. If you make a mistake, press Ctrl-u and type the password again. 3. After you enter a correct username and password, your screen will clear and a number of windows will appear. Move your cursor to the Console window (the window in the upper left corner of your screen) and press the left mouse button once. Note how the color of the window border changed; you have just made this window active. System Messages 1. Use the Console window to read system messages. Type y to read the current message, n to skip it permanently, or q to postpone reading system messages. When reading a message longer than one screen, press space to view the next screen. Message 1762: From pub-msgs Mon Oct 27 13:26:49 EST 2003 Subject: WELCOME TO ACS (156 lines) More? [ynq] y Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Page 1
2 Directory Navigation 1. Determine your current working directory. acs[tuta1]% pwd 2. List the contents of the current directory in long format. -l 3. Create a directory called learning. acs[tuta1]% mkdir learning 4. Change the current working directory to the new learning directory. acs[tuta1]% cd learning 5 List the files in learning in long format. acs[learning]% ls -l 6. Change the working directory back to your home directory. acs[learning]% cd.. 7. Remove the directory learning. acs[tuta1]% rmdir learning Changing File Permissions 1. Display the current file permissions on the file questions. -l questions 2. Restrict access to the file questions by removing read permissions for group and other. acs[tuta1]% chmod go-r questions 3. Display the files permissions on questions and note how the permissions have been changed. -l questions Viewing Files 1. List your files. 2. View the file history using either less or more. acs[tuta1]% less history OR acs[tuta1]% more history Using less, you will see a prompt containing the name of the file you are viewing, the number of the current line, the total number of lines in the document, and the percentage of the file that has already been viewed. It will look something like : history line 1/187 15% Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Page 2
3 Using more, you will see a prompt at the bottom of your screen which looks something like : --More--(15%) Type the Return key a few of times to see one new line of text displayed on the screen each time. Note how the percentage in the prompt changes. Press space once to see the next full page of the file. Type b to go back one full page in the file. Type q to quit the pager and return to the ACS system prompt. Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Page 3
4 LAB EXERCISE TWO Manipulating Files 1. List the files in your home directory. Note that the file old is one of the files in your home directory. 2. Copy old to a file called new. List your files to confirm that you have both old and new. acs[tuta1]% cp old new 3. Rename the file old to ancient. List your files to confirm that ancient and new exist. acs[tuta1]% mv old ancient 4. Remove the file ancient and then list your files to ensure it has been removed. acs[tuta1]% rm ancient 5. Create a directory called myfolder. List your files to ensure that myfolder was created. acs[tuta1]% mkdir myfolder 6. Set your current working directory to myfolder. Do not, however, type in the entire name of the directory. Instead type the first two letters and use Tab completion to fill in the rest of the file name. acs[tuta1]% cd my<tab> (Press the Tab key) 7. Copy the file new from your home directory to myfolder. acs[myfolder]% cp ~/new new 8. Using a wildcard, list all of the files that begin with the letter n. acs[myfolder]% ls n* 9. Return to your home directory. acs[myfolder]% cd 10. Remove the directory called myfolder and all of its contents. List your files to ensure that it was removed. acs[tuta1]% rm -r myfolder Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Page 4
5 Displaying Quotas 1. Check your disk quota usage. acs[tuta1]% quota 2. Display your print quota. acs[tuta1]% pquota Emacs 1. Use Emacs to edit the file named history. acs[tuta1]% emacs history C-x means Ctrl-x; hold down the Ctrl key and then press x. M-x means Esc-x; press and release the Esc key and then press x. On keyboards that do not have an Esc key, type Ctrl-[ instead. Here are some commonly used commands in Emacs: Move left C-b or Left arrow Move right C-f or Right arrow Move up C-p or Up arrow Move down C-n or Down arrow Move to beginning of line C-a Move to end of line C-e Next screen C-v Previous screen M-v Top of file M-< Bottom of file M-> Kill (delete) to end of line C-k Save a file and continue C-x C-s (on some terminals, C-x C-\) Save a file and exit Emacs C-x C-c 2. Delete the first five lines of the document. Press C-k five times. 3. Move the cursor to the end of the current line. Press C-e. 4. Replace Student Bloopers with Me. Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Page 5
6 5. Move the cursor to the beginning of the line. Press C-a. 6. Press the Tab key once to realign the title. 7. Save the changes and continue editing the file. Type C-x C-s (on some terminals, C-x C-\). 8. Go down one page. Press Ctrl-v. 9. Move the cursor to the word Solomon and then move to the end of the line. Use the arrow keys to get to Solomon and then type C-e. 10. Replace the text porcupines with camels 11. Move the cursor to the top of the file. Press M-<. 12. Save the file and exit. Type C-x C-c. UNIX Manual Pages and the ACS Help System 1. Use man to view the manual page about the rm command. Note the less prompt (man pipes its output through the less program to display just one screen at a time) at the bottom of the screen, the synopsis about the syntax of the command, and the description of what the rm command does. Press space until you reach the end of the file. acs[tuta1]% man rm 2. Use the apropos command to see if there are any programs related to dictionaries (Note: man -k provides the same information). Read the descriptions to the right of the listed options. To find out more about these commands, use man. After reading the manual page about from you'll see that this program displays information on who sent you . acs[tuta1]% apropos dictionary less (or more) acs[tuta1]% man webster 3. Minimize, but do not close, your X-Win32 window. Run Internet Explorer on your PC. Visit the IT Help Center s ACS Web page at Browse through some of the information available. Also, read the Boston University Conditions of Use and Policy on Computing Ethics at When you re finished, close Internet Explorer and restore your X-Win32 window. 4. Log out of the account. Make the Console window active by clicking in it. Type exit to log out from the account. Close the X-Win32 window. Select Log off from the PC Start menu to end the PC session. Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Page 6
7 Appendix A: Doing the Exercises On Your Own Account Obtaining the Files for this Tutorial If you are working on these exercises on your own account, you will need to copy the files used in this tutorial. Before you proceed, ensure that you have not created any files in your current directory named history, homework, old or questions, since copying these new files into your directory will overwrite any existing files with these names. To copy the files, type the following line exactly as it appears, including all of the punctuation and spaces: acs[tuta1]% cp /usr/docs/intro-unix-labs/*. Course 4000: Getting Started with UNIX Lab Exercises, August 27, Appendix A
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