Essential PowerShell Survival Skills

Transcription

1 Essential PowerShell Survival Skills Shawn Bolan Microsoft Certified Trainer, VMware Certified Instructor, PRINCE2 Instructor New Horizons of Nebraska

2 Essential PowerShell Survival Skills Welcome! Thank you for registering for this InfoTec Workshop! Your Presenter Shawn Bolan, NH of Nebraska VMware Certified Instructor, Microsoft Certified Trainer, PRINCE2 Instructor Technical Trainer Since 1998 VMware Certifications VCI (Level 2), VCP-DCV, VCP- Mobility, VCP-Cloud, VCP-NV, VCAP-DCA Microsoft Certifications (over 60) MCT, MCSE, MCSA, MCITP, MCTS, MCP VMware Certified Instructor of the Quarter for the Americas, Q3 of 2013

3 Agenda Welcome & Introduction Lab Setup Survival Skill Getting Started PowerShell History, Usage, Finding Cmdlets, Cmdlet Syntax, PowerShell Help System Survival Skill PowerShell At The Command Prompt Single cmdlets, PowerShell Pipeline, Objects & Properties Survival Skill Understanding Modules Listing & Loading Modules, Finding Additional Modules Survival Skill PowerShell Scripting Execution Policy, Variables, Moving From Cmdlet to Scripting, Script Input Survival Skill Onward and Upward Where and how to advance your skills

4 Welcome & Introduction Lecture & Presentation/Follow-along Exercises Q & A as we go. Stop me at any time with questions Individual follow-up questions welcome at sbolan@omahanh.com or contact me on LinkedIn

5 Lab Setup Recommend that you use our New Horizons online lab You can alternately use your own local device as long as you have PowerShell 3.0 or later installed As we move through the material, I will demonstrate PowerShell commands and scripting techniques that you can try on your own machine/lab

6 Lab Demonstration Connecting to the NH Online labs Your username is your address Your password should be NhTraining1! If you have previously taken a class and changed the password, please use that password You can also try NhTraining1 If you cannot logon, please let the presenter know and we can reset your password

7 Survival Skill Getting Started PowerShell History, Usage, Finding Cmdlets, Cmdlet Syntax, PowerShell Help System

8 Survival Skill Getting Started PowerShell History Usage Finding Cmdlets Cmdlet Syntax PowerShell Help System

9 PowerShell History Introduced in 2006 Monad Manifesto by Jeffrey Snover PowerShell started as an idea to advance MS scripting and automation beyond batch files and VBScripting PowerShell has evolved to a foundational management technology that is being integrated into every Microsoft technology PowerShell as recently been extended to include support for running PowerShell from the Linux OS and Apple Macintosh platforms

10 PowerShell Usage Implemented as an engine that can be embedded in a GUI or used directly as a CLI Functionality provided by commands: Cmdlets (pronounced command-lets ) Functions Workflows

11 PowerShell Command Prompt

12 PowerShell Integrated Script Editor

13 Finding Commands (cmdlets) Command naming convention: Verb-Noun Given the naming convention and some experience, you can begin guessing command names Use Help and Get-Command with wildcards to validate your guesses and find commands After you find a command that looks like it will do what you need, read its complete help to learn how to use it No match using a *wildcard* search? Help will do a fulltext search of selected Help file content You can also list the commands from a particular addin module

14 Full Command Syntax Parameter Name Parameter Value Get-EventLog LogName Application Newest 10 Command Name Parameters

15 PowerShell Help System Very limited Help content is distributed with PowerShell Update-Help utilizes downloadable help content to update your local Help Checks no more than once every 24 hours by default Save-Help enables you to download Help and save it to an alternate location accessible to computers that are not connected to the Internet

16 PowerShell Help System Get-help cmdletname can be used to access the help system for any cmdlet. Cmdlet help can be expanded through the use of the detailed examples or full parameters (hint always use full)

17 "About" Files Provide documentation for global shell techniques, concepts, and features Start with about_ View list by running help about*

18 Survival Skill PowerShell At The Command Prompt Single cmdlets, PowerShell Pipeline, Objects & Properties

19 Survival Skill PowerShell At The Command Prompt Single cmdlets PowerShell Pipeline Objects & Properties

20 Single Cmdlets Individual cmdlets can use: Aliases instead of command names Positional parameters Truncated parameter names These techniques reduce typing, but also reduce the readability of your commands Avoid using these tricks in anything permanent or shared with the public, such as in a script or on a blog

21 Short Syntax Example Get-Service Name BITS ComputerName WIN2012 Alias Positional parameter Truncated Parameter name gsv BITS Comp WIN2012

22 PowerShell Pipeline Windows PowerShell runs commands in a pipeline In the console, each complete command line is a pipeline Pipelines can contain one or more commands, with multiple commands separated by a vertical pipe character ( ) Commands execute from left to right, with the output of each command being piped (passed) to the command after it The output of the last command in the pipeline is what appears on your screen

23 Running Commands in the Pipeline Get-Service is a single-command pipeline. Multicommand pipelines look similar: Get-Service Out-File c:\servicelist.txt The preceding pipeline produces no output on the screen. Why?

24 Objects & Properties Windows PowerShell commands usually produce objects as their output Think of these as a table of data in memory Property Collection Object Name Status DisplayName WinRM Running Windows Remote Management VDS Running Virtual Disk

25 Survival Skill Understanding Modules Listing & Loading Modules, Finding Module Cmdlets, Finding Additional Modules

26 Survival Skill Understanding Modules Listing & Loading Modules Finding Module Cmdlets Finding Additional Modules

27 Listing & Loading Modules A module is a set of related Windows PowerShell functionalities, grouped together as a convenient unit (usually saved in a single directory). By defining a set of related script files, assemblies, and related resources as a module, you can reference, load, persist, and share your code much easier than you would otherwise. The main purpose of a module is to allow the modularization (ie, reuse and abstraction) of Windows PowerShell code. Get-module listavailable Lists all modules available on the local computer It will be important to note the module name and module location (directory)

28 Importing A Module The Import-Module cmdlet adds one or more modules to the current session. The modules that you import must be installed on the local computer or a remote computer. Starting in Windows PowerShell 3.0, installed modules are automatically imported to the session when you use any commands or providers in the module. However, you can still use the Import-Module command to import a module. Import-Module modulename

29 Finding Module Cmdlets Get-Command modulename will list all cmdlets, functions, etc. included with a module Once a cmdlet name is known within a module, the Get-Help cmdletname can be used to find the details of the cmdlet

30 Finding Additional Modules Modules are typically distributed (by Microsoft) along with the management tools for an application. For instance when you install the Active Directory management tools, the corresponding PowerShell modules and cmdlets are installed The PowerShell Gallery is the central repository for PowerShell content. You can find new PowerShell commands or Desired State Configuration (DSC) resources in the Gallery.

31 Survival Skill PowerShell Scripting Execution Policy, Variables, Moving From Cmdlet to Scripting, Script Input, Script Language Constructs

32 Survival Skill PowerShell Scripting PowerShell Execution Policy Variables Moving From Cmdlet To Script Script Input Script Language Constructs

33 PowerShell Execution Policy Five execution policy settings: Restricted (default) AllSigned RemoteSigned Unrestricted Bypass Three ways to change: Set-ExecutionPolicy command Group Policy Object ExecutionPolicy parameter of PowerShell.exe

34 Variables Named, temporary storage containers for objects Can contain more than one object, making the variable an array Commands exist to manage variables Get-Command Noun Variable Ad hoc management is typical Variables are scoped and exist only for the duration of their containing scope The $ is not part of a variable name. It instructs the shell to access the contents of the variable. Do not use $ when you want to manipulate the variable itself.

35 Moving From Cmdlet To Script Start with a single command Use test values to verify that the command syntax and output is correct Get-EventLog -LogName Security -ComputerName localhost Where EventID -eq 4624 Select -First 50

36 Identifying Values that Might Change Identify values in your test command that might need to change each time the command is run Get-EventLog -LogName Security -ComputerName localhost Where EventID -eq 4624 Select -First 50

37 Script Input [CmdletBinding()] Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)] [string]$computername, [int]$eventid = 4624 ) Get-EventLog -LogName Security -ComputerName $ComputerName Where EventID -eq $EventID Select -First 50

38 Script Language Constructs The PowerShell scripting language shares many elements/constructs that are common among many programming languages.

39 If ElseIf Else Logical constructs are used to make decisions and to execute different commands based on the outcome of that decision.

40 Switch construct The Switch construct examines a single object, often contained in a variable, and compares it to a number of possible values.

41 Do While This is a primary looping construct in PowerShell. It s designed to repeat a block of commands so long as some condition is True or until a condition becomes True.

42 ForEach construct This construct is similar in operation to the ForEach- Object cmdlet and differs only in its syntax.

43 For construct The For construct is designed to execute the construct s contents a specific number of times.

44 Survival Skill Onward and Upward Where and how to advance your skills

45 Survival Skill Onward and Upward PowerShell Classes Additional Resources

46 PowerShell Classes MS Automating Administration with Windows PowerShell Learn how with Windows PowerShell 4.0, you can remotely manage multiple Windows based servers and automate day to day management and administration tasks. Available at New Horizons of Omaha April 17-21, May Also available via our Online Live classroom platform

47 Additional PowerShell Classes MS Automating Administration with Windows PowerShell (5 days) MS Advanced Automated Administration with Windows PowerShell (3 days) MS Windows PowerShell Scripting and Toolmaking (5 days) MS PowerShell 5.0 and Desired State Configuration (2 days) MS PowerShell for SharePoint Administrators (1 day) MS SharePoint 2010 and 2013 Auditing and Site Content Administration using PowerShell (1 day) MS PowerShell for SQL Server Administrators (2 days) MS PowerShell for System Center Configuration Manager Administrator (3 days)

48 PowerShell Resources MS TechNet Script Center PowerShell.org Powershell.com Omaha PowerShell Users Group Learn Windows PowerShell In A Month of Lunches (3 rd ed)

49 Thank You For Your Attending! Please Contact Your New Horizons Representative For More Information About Our Class Schedule