ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 INSTALLATION GUIDE

Transcription

1 ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 INSTALLATION GUIDE

2 Asianux Server 3 SP1 Installation Guide Asianux Team December 12, 2008

3 Contents Preface 4 Audience Typographic Convention Before Installation Installation plan Backing up data Hardware compatibility Making an installation boot disk The computer cannot boot from the CD-rom Preparing a boot disk for an installation across a network Preparing a driver disk for specific hardware Preparing the disk space Hard disk partitioning Repartitioning methods Installation Procedure Booting installation program Successfull boot Text mode installation Expert installation mode EFI system Using the efibootmgr Booting an IBM pseries server Starting up the Linux installation program Choosing the installation method Installing from CD Installation from a hard disk Installing from the Network Installing Asianux Server 3 SP Starting installation Choosing Language License Agreement Selecting the Keyboard Layout Setting Up Partitions Introduction to Partitions Naming Partition Configuring Partition Partition configuration Configuring Software RAID LVM configuring Configuring the Boot Loader Network Configuration Setting the Time Zone Setting the root password Software package Selection Preparing to Install Installing software packages Configuring Display Configuration RedCastle Installation completed

4 CONTENTS CONTENTS Announcement Asianux Server 3 SP1 is protected by applicable copyright laws and is distributed under the GNU General Public License that restricts the usage, copying, distribution and de-compilation of the software. Without prior written permission of Asianux Inc., copying, modifying or distributing any part of this document in any form or by any means is not allowed. Since various preventive measures have been taken into consideration in the process of editing of this manual, the Asianux Company shall not be liable to possible errors or missing of the contents. This publication is provided as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. This publication may contain technical or printing errors, for which modifications will be continually made and added to the latest versions. The Asianux Company reserves the right to add and change the product and the program introduced by this publication at any time. The Asianux Company reserves the right to give final interpretation of this document. c 2008 Asianux Inc. Preface Welcome to the Asianux Server 3 SP1 operating system. As the next generation operating system of the Asianux family, Asianux Server 3 SP1 has undergone significant improvements: hardware devices support, installation, key features and desktop design environments are now better qualified for meeting the needs of offices, families and individuals in business, education, R&D, learning, entertainment, etc. New efforts have also been made towards integrating applications, online update and inter-platform sharing of software for the purpose of making Asianux products more user-friendly and easier to use and maintain. Audience The Asianux Server 3 SP1 Installation Guide helps the administrator to successfully complete the installation and the basic configuration of the Asianux Server 3 SP1 system. This manual will be a very useful resource for new and senior Linux users alike. 4

5 CONTENTS CONTENTS Typographic Convention Asianux Server 3 SP1 Installation Guide uses different fonts, font sizes and styles to represent filenames, commands, menu items and other special elements, as shown in the table below: Format Meaning Examples general emphasis, Emphasized Style generic arguments, book titles, names of sections of other manuals, notes from the authors. Warning: Make sure to back up your data before altering the partition table. application <key> <key1+key2> Click here file name, name of an application or utility tool. keys, key combination menu items, button, dialog box names. edit text file with kedit use <Tab> key to complement a command; Press <Ctrl+Shift> to switch between input methods. Press next to continue after confirmation. user input separator between consecutive menu options. commands typed in terminal or command line content of a terminal window/command line New User means to open the New menu and select the User submenu. access expert installation mode by typing in linux expert command under boot : Table 1: Typographic Convention 5

6 1 BEFORE INSTALLATION Help documents Asianux Server 3 SP1 provides rich online help information which is your main source of assistance for learning and operating the system. You can easily solve problems with the Help Topic both in the desktop environment and the command line interface. 1 Before Installation Before installing Asianux Server 3 SP1, the administrator needs to complete the pre-install steps: creating the installation plan, backing up the current system and/or user data, verifying hardware compatibility, planning the disk partitioning, possibly making an installation boot disk. 1.1 Installation plan The administrator should make a working plan for the entire system before installing Asianux Server 3 SP1. This plan should include the selection of the hardware devices for the server, determining the type of services to be provided and the expected performance of the system. Asianux suggests to allocate a large amount of memory, adopt a SMP system and use redundant mechanisms, such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks - RAID - for critical tasks that are based on enterprise level service platform. 1.2 Backing up data To prevent any potential data loss that could happen during the installation, back up the important data (onto floppies, CDs or DVDs, magnetic tape or any support of your choice) before installing Asianux Server 3 SP1. Start with the partition table and then the important files and data of the system. 1.3 Hardware compatibility Before installing Asianux Server 3 SP1, the administrator should collect the following information about the computer to ensure a smooth installation: 6

7 1 BEFORE INSTALLATION 1.4 Making an installation boot disk Storage: Hard disk(s) Memory DVD/CD-ROM SCSI devices Display devices: Video card Monitor Number, size, interface type (IDE or SCSI), parameters (cylinders,heads and sectors). The sequence of the disks (if more than one hard disk will be installed). Amount of memory. Interface type (IDE, SCSI or other): if the interface is non-ide or non-scsi, identify the manufacturer and type; if it is IDE, identify which IDE interface it is connected to. Manufacturer, type/model, SCSI IDs, termination settings. Manufacturer, model and type of video card (or CMOS chip numbers that used, video card memory size). Manufacturer, model, the range of the horizontal and verticle refresh frequencies. Network configuration information: Network card Manufacturer, model, type, PCI Slot number. Modem Manufacturer, model, type, port number. Others Host name, domain name, net mask, router (gateway) address, DNS address. Other hardware: Mouse Other Type (serial interface, PS/2, USB or bus-mouse), the number of buttons, serial port number that the serial mouse connects to. Anything else that does not fit in previous categories. Table 2: Hardware Information Asianux Server 3 SP1 is compatible with almost any hardware produced in the recent years. However, as hardware technology standards evolve quickly, it is not guaranteed that Asianux Server 3 SP1 will be compatible with all of the user s hardware. Please visit the Asianux web site: to find the most up-to-date support information on hardware support. 1.4 Making an installation boot disk Asianux Server 3 SP1 is generally installed from a CD-ROM, called a boot CD. If the system does not support booting from a CD-ROM drive or has some special installation requirements, an installation boot disk can be used. The image files needed for creating an installation boot disk are located on the first installation CD, in the following directory: CDROM/images The computer cannot boot from the CD-rom With the expansion of the kernel, a 3.5-inch floppy disks is now too small and can no longer be used to boot the system. Asianux has combined the old style boot disk and the driver disk into one image to make the installation more convenient. Make sure the computer is able to boot from another medium, such as a USB flash disk (whatever the media you use, it must have at least 12 MB free). In this case, use the following file: 7

8 1 BEFORE INSTALLATION 1.5 Preparing the disk space diskboot.img In a linux environment in which the tool dd is available, do the following: 1. Mount the CD in the /mnt/cdrom directory of the system: # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom 2. Insert a USB flash drive (the USB device in this case is sda1), then enter: #dd if=/mnt/cdrom/images/diskboot.img of =/dev/sda1 If more boot disks or driver disks are needed, run dd again with the selected image file, and choose a new destination device Preparing a boot disk for an installation across a network Burn the file boot.iso from the /images directory onto a CD-ROM to make a boot CD (command cdrecord in terminal for example) Preparing a driver disk for specific hardware When making drive disk for specific hardware, such as Adaptec or HighPoint controllers, just replace the source image of the above command with correct driver image name, such as Adaptec/aarich.img. The Installation CD disk 1 contains support for the hardware which is not supported by the installation boot disk (in the /images of CD1). The installation program will prompt the administrator to insert the installation CD. 1.5 Preparing the disk space Before installing Asianux Server 3 SP1 on any machine, make sure you have backed up all important information from that machine. We recommend installing Asianux Server 3 SP1 on a separate hard disk. If this is not possible, Asianux Server 3 SP1 must be installed on a hard disk partition that is not used by any other operating system (such as Microsoft Windows, IBM s OS/2 or another version of Linux). The Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation program will prompt the administrator to allocate adequate hard disk space for the installation. It is very important to know the current configuration of the system and to prepare enough hard disk space for establishing these partitions Hard disk partitioning A hard disk can be divided into many partitions. Every partition is physically separated from the others. Accessing different partitions is similar to accessing different hard disks. There are three types of partitions: primary, extended and logical. One hard disk can have up to four primary partitions. If the administrator wants to have more than four partitions, he/she should create an extended partition then create a logical partition within the extended partitions. Asianux Server 3 SP1 can be installed on a logical or a primary partition. Asianux Server 3 SP1 supports the coexistence of multiple systems. However, running Asianux Server 3 SP1 as a server that is constantly running, having an additional system on the same hard disk is probably unnecessary. It is better to partition a unused disk. To install Asianux Server 3 SP1, the administrator must allocate more than 5 gigabyte of hard disk space for the root partition (/); the space for the swap partition comes on top of this. If the entire hard disk is used to install Asianux Server 3 SP1, or if there is enough vacant space for Asianux Server 3 SP1, the administrator can bypass the following section, and start from the next chapter: Installation Procedure Repartitioning methods If another operating system is installed on the system and takes all the hard disk space, then the hard disk partitioning must be modified to make enough room for the installation of Asianux Server 3 SP1. The following methods may be used to re-distribute the space between a hard disk partitions for Asianux Server 3 SP1, or a new hard disk may be installed. 8

9 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE Delete existing partitions and operating system There must be at least one partition that can be deleted. Delete this partition once the useful data have been backed up. Release enough space to install Asianux Server 3 SP1. Backup/restore existing operating and OS into smaller partitions (repartitioning) Back up important data, and then remove and recreate the partitions on the hard disk. Leave enough space for Asianux Server 3 SP1 when partitioning. Reinstall all original operating system and applications before installing Asianux Server 3 SP1. Ghost for Linux (G4L) can be useful for doing this. Use partitioning tools. Using QtParted, FIPS or some other partitioning tools, the administrator can safely change the partitions size without losing data (non-destructive resizing). There is always a risk of losing data when resizing partitions. A very small mistake may cause the loss of all data on the hard disk; it is therefore strongly suggested to back up important data before starting working with the partitions. 2 Installation Procedure To start the installation of Asianux Server 3 SP1, the administrator needs to boot the installation program. Two methods can be used: booting from Asianux Server 3 SP1 CD-ROM or booting form the installation boot disk. 2.1 Booting installation program Use the following methods to boot the installation program of Asianux Server 3 SP1, according to the difference of the system hardware and the installation medium to be used. 1. Booting from a CD-ROM Booting and installing from the installation CD-ROMs is the most direct method to install Asianux Server 3 SP1. Requirements are as follows: the installation CD-ROMs and a computer capable of booting from a CD-ROM drive. Access the computer BIOS and put CD-ROM as the first device in the boot sequenceset the computer to boot form CD-ROM. Begin by setting the BIOS boot order to boot from the CD-ROM first. If the computer does not support CD booting, please refer to "Installation mode of Asianux". 2. Booting from a USB flash drive or equivalent If the computer does not support booting from CD, the administrator needs to use an alternate installation boot device. The image file of the installation boot disk is the file /images/diskboot.img on the first CD. Before using the installation boot disk, the computer BIOS has to be set up to boot of the USB flash drive first. If an installation boot disk is needed, the user should make preparation in advance. For detailed information on making a boot disk, please refer to 1.4. There is no relationship between the medium used to boot the system and the type of installation. After booting, whether it be from a CD or another boot device, the administrator can choose to install from hard disk or across the network. After booting, enter linux askmethod at the boot prompt. The interface will to choose the installation medium. 2.2 Successfull boot Whichever method is used, the installation interface will appear after a successfull boot. The hints and the boot: prompt will appear on the screen. The administrator will then be able to enter the graphic-mode installation interface by pressing <Enter> (graphic-mode is the default installation mode and starts automatically after a few moments). 9

10 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.2 Successfull boot Figure 1: Boot media start interface To use the text installation mode, type linux text at the boot: prompt and then press <Enter>. To use expert installation mode, input linux expert at the boot: prompt and then press <Enter>. It is suggested to use the graphical mode: its interface is friendlier and can be operated easily. It also supplies the logical volume manager (LVM) configuration tool which is not provided in text mode. The default options work in most situations. Pay attention to the booting information to check if the Linux kernel detected the hardware properly. If the hardware has been detected correctly, the administrator can carry on with the following installation procedure Text mode installation Text mode and graphical mode installations are similar. If the text mode is necessary, please read the introduction to the graphical mode as the steps are similar. At the time of writing, hard-disk, FTP and HTTP installations are only available when installing in text mode Expert installation mode Expert mode uses the text interface. It is used to provide driver support for some special hardware which is not supported by default. Special hardware usually falls in the categories of SCSI adapters, RAID devices and Network cards. Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation program already ships with over one hundred drivers for this kind of equipment. But for those not included, the administrator needs to use a floppy disk or a CD-ROM to load those drivers through the expert installation mode. Under the expert installation mode, the installation program will ask whether special drivers are needed. These drivers will then be loaded from the floppy disk or the CD-ROM. If some hardware is unsupported but not needed during the installation, the driver disk or CD-ROM is not needed at this time; the hardware can be installed later when Asianux Xerver 3 is installed and running. Asianux Server 3 SP1 has its own driver disk format. If this format is not correct, the driver may not be loaded properly. 10

11 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.2 Successfull boot EFI system Asianux Server 3 SP1 already provides support for EFI, Intel s Extensible Firmware Interface Booting from EFI on IA32 Insert CD 1 into the CD-ROM, and restart the computer. Press <F2> to enter the Boot manager when start boot options appears at the bottom of the screen. Choose cdrom entry1, and then start the computer from CD. Or directly start the computer from CD then input linux efi at the boot: prompt to enable supports for EFI. A 100 megabyte vfat partition should be established during installation; the mount point is /boot/efi. This partition must be a primary partition; it is suggested to use the first partition on the hard disk. The rest of the installation is similar to the general installation mode Booting from EFI on an Itanium2 Server On Itanium2 servers, the computer will enter into the EFI environment after the system s self-check. Turn the server on and insert the first installation CD into the CDROM/DVD drive. Select boot from the CDROM/DVD in EFI. EFI is a technology used by Intel as a replacement for the BIOS. It provides functions similar to the BIOS for IA-64 server system and is used to adjust hardware functionalities. EFI operations can be divided into four types: system start, standard firmware platform initialization, loading the EFI drivers library and execution of the relative programs. Select the system that you want to enter in the EFI start menu and press <Enter>. If startup fails, the start menu will reappear. Figure 2: Start menu of EFI system If there is no CDROM/DVD option, the administrator can adopt one of the following two methods: 1. Choose EFI Shell [Built-in] in the menu to enter the EFI shell. A drive list is automatically displayed. The drives starting with fs are the drives whose file systems can be recognized by the EFI. Find the line that corresponds to the system s CDROM/DVD drive, and then enter the drive identifier from the first column (commonly fs0: ) and press <Enter>. Next, enter the command elilo and boot from the CDROM/DVD). 11

12 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.2 Successfull boot Figure 3: EFI Shell 2. Choose Boot option maintenance menu in the menu to enter the submenu. Figure 4: Boot option maintenance menu Select Boot from a File. A drive list is automatically displayed. Select the CDROM/DVD from the list. 12

13 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.2 Successfull boot Figure 5: Boot From a File The files on CDROM/DVD will be listed. Select elilo.efi to boot from CDROM/DVD. Figure 6: Select booting file Using the efibootmgr Add a booting option #efibootmgr -c -w -L "BootOptionName" -d /dev/sda -p 1 -l \\EFI\\asianux\\elilo.efi Use the name of the hard disk device where the system is located after the parameter -d, for example: /dev/hda The parameter -p is the partition number. For example: use: -p 1 for /dev/hda1 and use: -p 2 for /dev/sda2. The parameter -l is followed by the location of the EFI startup file in this partition. Use \\ to separate the directory structure. For example, /EFI/asianux/elilo.efi should be written \\EFI\\asianux\\elilo.efi. Delete a booting option # efibootmgr -b B 0001 is the number of the booting option to be deleted. The efibootmgr command gives you the following list. # efibootmgr BootCurrent: 0001 Timeout: 10 seconds BootOrder: 0001, 0002, 0003 Boot0001* Asianux Boot0002* Asianux Boot0003* Primary Master CDROM Among this, 0001 in Boot0001 is the number; the relevant booting option is Asianux. 13

14 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.2 Successfull boot Booting an IBM pseries server Power on the server and insert the first installation CD or boot CD in the CDROM/DVD drive. To boot an IBM pseries system from CD, the administrator must select the installation boot device in the SMS (System Management Services) menu. After the server starts up, an interface similar to the figure below will appear. When keyboard appears at the bottom of the screen, press the desired key to select the matching SMS Menu, usually <1>. Figure 7: pseries system start up menu The SMS main menu will appear: Figure 8: SMS Main menu 14

15 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.2 Successfull boot Choose Select Boot Options, the following menu will appear: Figure 9: Boot option menu Choose Select Install or Boot a Device, the following menu will appear. Figure 10: Choose boot device Select CD/DVD, choose the type of bus (SCSI in most cases), and then exit the SMS menu after confirming the device which contains the CD. YABOOT (the loading program used by the IBM pseries server) will boot the computer from this device. There is no essential relationship between the medium used to boot the system and the medium used for the installation. After booting from the CD, the administrator can choose to install from hard disk or across the network. After using the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation CD1 to boot the IBM pseries, the administrator should input linux askmethod at the boot prompt. The interface will ask to choose the installation medium. For more information on IBM pseries and SMS, please refer to the following web site: boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/ 15

16 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.3 Starting up the Linux installation program 2.3 Starting up the Linux installation program The following picture shows the execution of the Linux kernel. The installation interface will automatically start after this. Figure 11: The startup of the Linux kernel The last line running /sbin/loader indicates that the startup of the Linux kernel has completed and that the installation program is now running. The administrator can switch to different virtual consoles during installation. These virtual consoles provide all kinds of useful information; they also provide a shell to enter commands. The information shown in these windows can be very helpful to solve installation problems. The shortcut keys for each console are as follows: <Ctrl+Alt+F1> <Ctrl+Alt+F2> <Ctrl+Alt+F3> <Ctrl+Alt+F4> <Ctrl+Alt+F5> <Ctrl+Alt+F6> dialog box of installation shell clews Installation log system information Other information Graphic display 2.4 Choosing the installation method Asianux Server 3 SP1 provides various installation methods. Choose a suitable method according to your needs. In some cases, installing from CDs may not be the best solution. For example, when installing simultanously Asianux Server 3 SP1 on a large number of computers, an alternate method - a network installation in this case - might be better suited Installing from CD Even if the computer does not support booting from CD, the administrator can install from CD after using a boot disk. The alternate boot image file is the file /images/diskboot.img on the first installation CD. For detailed information on making a boot disk, please refer to the subsection 1.4 on page 7, Making an installation boot disk. Once the computer has booted and the language and keyboard are selected, the following Installation Method menu will appear. 16

17 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.4 Choosing the installation method Figure 12: Choose installation medium If the administrator has the installation CD and their computer support booting from CD, it is suggested to boot from the first installation CD. The graphical mode will start automatically after booting successfully. Select Local CDROM from the list, insert the first Asianux Server 3 SP1 CD into the CD-ROM drive. Choose OK and press <Enter>. After the CD is found, the integrity of the CD media can be verified; this may be skipped by selecting the Skip button Installation from a hard disk It is possible to install Asianux Server 3 SP1 directly from a hard drive. Download or copy the ISO image files of the installation CDs onto a hard drive. The partition holding the ISO image files must be of the following formats: ext2, ext3 or FAT. The directory containing the ISO image fils must not contain any other ISO image files. An installation boot disk is required, please refer to the subsection 1.4 on page 7. Make note of the drive, partition and directory in which you copied the ISO files. Start the computer and boot from the installation boot disk. Once the installation program is running, choose hard disk from the Installation Method menu, then press <Enter> to continue. Next, assign the location for the ISO image files. Refer to the following picture. 17

18 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.4 Choosing the installation method Figure 13: Install from hard disk Choose the partition where the ISO image files are located and enter the directory containing them. In figure 13, the partition is /hda3 and the directory is /download/redflag Installing from the Network There are 3 methods to install Asianux Server 3 SP1 across a network: NFS, FTP and HTTP. The FTP and HTTP servers used for the network installation must supply a complete installation tree directory of Asianux Server 3 SP1. All files from the three CDs must exist and be available in the repository. To do so, copy the content of the installation CDs to the server used for the network installation using the following steps: 1. Execute the following commands with the first installation CD in the CD-ROM drive: # mount /dev/cdrom (the first installation CD) # cp -av /dev/cdrom/* filelocation (filelocation represents the destination directory that will store the installation tree) # umount /dev/cdrom/ 2. Copy all the files under the Asianux/RPMS directory of the second installation CD to /filelocation/asianux/rpms # mount /dev/cdrom (the second installation CD) # cp -var /dev/cdrom/asianux/rpms /* /filelocation/asianux/rpms # umount /dev/cdrom/ 3. Copy all the files under the Asianux/RPMS directory of the third installation CD to /filelocation/asianux/rpms # mount /dev/cdrom ïĺthe third installation CDïĽ # cp -av /dev/cdrom/asianux/rpms /* /filelocation/asianux/rpms # umount /dev/cdrom/ NOTE: for NFS servers, use the same method, or just copy the iso image file of each disk into the destination directory. 18

19 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.4 Choosing the installation method Configuring TCP/IP To install the system across the network, an installation boot media is needed. For detailed information on making an installation boot disk, please refer to subsection 1.4 on page 7, Making an installation boot disk. After booting the system from the installation boot media, enter linux askmethod at the boot prompt. Choose the method to use in the Installation Method menu. HTTP, press <Enter> to continue. The choices are NFS image, FTP or No matter which network installation mode is chosen, the administrator needs to configure the local computer s TCP/IP first. Here is the dialog box Configure TCP/IP. Figure 14: TCP/IP configuration Asianux Server 3 SP1 supports IPv4 and IPv6. Enable IPv4 or IPv6 protocols as needed (at least one is required) then choose dynamic or manual configuration (or automatic discovery for IPv6). If the administrator chooses manual configuration, a dialog box will pop up, asking for the IPv4 or IPv6 address, the gateway and the name of the server to be used by the local computer. Fill in the fields then press OK to continue. 19

20 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.4 Choosing the installation method Figure 15: Setting IP address Installing from an NFS server To perform an installation from an NFS server, the network must have an NFS server on which the ISO images of Asianux Server 3 SP1 can be copied. Please refer to the FAQs on the Asianux web site for details on how to configure a NFS server that can support installation. Instead of copying the installation tree to a destination directory on the NFS server, the entire set of ISO images can be used. Copy the ISO image files of the three CDs to one directory on NFS server (this directory should not include any other ISO files) then set this directory as the source directory for the installation. The following picture is the NFS configuration interface. Fill in the information regarding the NFS server here. Figure 16: NFS setup Enter the hostname or the IP address of the NFS server in the NFS server name. Enter the directory name containing the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation tree or installation CD images into Asianux Server 3 SP1 SP1 directory. For example, NFS server will export the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation tree or installation CD image files under the directory /product/asianux/cdrom. Enter /product/asianux/cdrom in the Asianux Server 3 SP1 directory field. 20

21 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2.4 Choosing the installation method FTP installation When installing from a FTP server, the following FTP configuring dialog box will appear. Enter the hostname or the IP address for the FTP server in FTP site name field. Enter the directory name containing the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation tree or installation CD images into Asianux Server 3 SP1 SP1 directory. For example, if the FTP server stores the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation tree under the directory /ftp/product/asianux, enter /ftp/product/asianux in Asianux Server 3 SP1 directory field. Figure 17: FTP setup HTTP installation When installing from a HTTP server, the following HTTP configuration dialog box will appear: Figure 18: FTP setup 21

22 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 Input the name of HTTP site hostname ot the IP address in Web site name field. Enter the directory name containing the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation tree or installation CD images into Asianux Server 3 SP1 SP1 directory. For example, if the HTTP server makes the Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation tree available under the URL /product/asianux, then enter /product/asianux in Asianux Server 3 SP1 directory field. 3 Installing Asianux Server 3 SP1 The Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation program provides both a graphical interface and a text mode interface. This chapter will use the graphic installation mode as an introduction to the specific steps of Asianux Server 3 SP1 installation. We suggest using the graphic installation mode because of its friendlier interface and easier operation. It also provides the LVM configuration function which is not included in text installation mode. 3.1 Starting installation Once the computer started from the installation CD, the drivers loaded and the language, keyboard and installation options chosen, the administrator will have the option to check the installation media for corruption. Bypass this option to start the graphical installation. The screen below will appear. At the bottom of the screen, there are three buttons: Exit, Back and Next: Selecting Exit will exit the installation program at any time and restart the computer; Back returns to the previous menu or interface; Next confirms the current operation and continues to the next installation step. The default interface language is English. Click Next to continue to the language choice menu for the installation. Figure 19: Installation welcome screen 22

23 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.2 Choosing Language 3.2 Choosing Language The language chosen here will be used during the rest of the installation process and will be the default language for Asianux Server 3 SP1 SP1 (this can be changed once the installation is complete). The choices are: Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean. Figure 20: Language selection screen To change the environment language after completing the installation, run the command: system-configlanguage. Choose the language at the prompt. It will be effective after the next login. 3.3 License Agreement The following screen is the simplified License Agreement. 23

24 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.4 Selecting the Keyboard Layout Figure 21: License Agreement To agree and continue the installation, select the Accept radio button, and then press Next to continue. If the administrator clicks Not accept, then the installation will stop. If the administrator needs to cancel this operation, they can click Exit. 3.4 Selecting the Keyboard Layout Asianux Server 3 SP1 supports two kinds of keyboard layouts, Japanese and U.S. English. 24

25 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 22: keyboard setup 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Introduction to Partitions Setting up the partitions is one of the most important steps of the installation of any Linux system. Partitioning consists in defining different areas (the partitions) on the available storage space (usually hard disk(s)). Those partitions are accessed via mount points. Each partition can be of a different format. Some formats are more suited to certain type of files. Please make yourself familiar with the different formats and their characteristics before choosing one. Linux systems support multi-partition structure. Server systems generally have many partitions to make them more flexible and more convenient to maintain and manage. The following factors should be considered when determining how to lay out the hard disk space of a Linux server: 1. The root filesystem of Linux needs a portion of the hard disk space. The administrator should mount the root partition as /. 2. The swap partition also needs a portion of the hard disk space. The size of the swap partition depends on the required size of the virtual RAM. 3. Separate the root partition from /usr, /home, /var, /boot. Storing every critical partition on separate partitions can later make the move, backup, system restoration and management easier. Introduction to partitions functions 25

26 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions / The root: the foundation of whole file system (required). swap /boot /usr /home /var /tmp Swap partition is used to support virtual memory. When the system runs out of memory (RAM), it uses this partition as virtual memory. (required) Created under root, it is used to independently store the system boot files. Used to store the system software. Contains the home directory of all users. Used to store mail files, news files, printing queue and system journal (log) files. Used to store temporary files. Needed for large, multi-user systems and network servers. Table 3: Types of partitions To install Asianux Server 3 SP1, the following two partitions are required: Root partition (/): The root partition is where the Linux file system resides. If /usr, /var and /home are not on separate partitions, the root partition (/) needs to be at least 5 for the full installation of Asianux Server 3 SP1. Swap partition (swap): The size of the swap partition should be 1~2 times that of the computer s physical RAM. Generally, if the system memory is less than 1 GB, the size of the swap partition should at least be equivalent. If the memory of system is bigger than 1 GB, it is suggested to allocate 2 GB for swap partition. Ultimately the size of the swap partition depends on your configuration and its usage Naming Partition Linux identifies partitions in the following way: each hard disk is given a set of letters and numbers explained in the table below: First 2 letters 3rd letter Number Type of device on which the partition is located The device on which the partition is located partition sequence hd: ATA hard disk, sd: SCSI/SATA hard disk hda: the 1st ATA hard drive, sdc: the 3rd SCSI/SATA hard disk. 1-4: primary or extended partition, 5-above: logical partition (the 1st logical partition is 5). For example, /dev/hda3 refers to the third primary partition or extended partition of the first IDE hard disk; /dev/sdb6 refers to the second logical partition of the second SCSI hard disk. Note: if a hard disk has no partition, then no number should be added on it, which represents the whole hard disk. Table 4: Partitions 26

27 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Configuring Partition During the installation, a default partition layout is suggested which is reasonable for most users. You can either choose to use it or create your own. Asianux Server 3 SP1 offers four options to deal with partitions: Remove all partitions on selected drives and create a default layout. Remove Linux partitions on selected drive and create a default layout. Use free space on selected drives and create a default layout. Create a custom layout. Partitioning your hard disks depends on specific conditions. below. Press the "Next" button to enter the interface Figure 23: Partitioning menu Partition configuration The figure below is the interface through which you can create, modify and delete hard disk partitions and define the mount point for each partition. 27

28 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 24: Partitioning tool The current hard disk partitions of the system are listed here in a tree structure. If there are several hard disks, they will be marked as hda, hdb, sda, sdb, etc. If is in front of the device name of the partition, it means there are partitions not being displayed. Click on it to display them. The partition list displays detailed information of each hard disk. Each line represents a hard disk partition: Device: Size: Type: Mount point/raid/volume: Format: Start: End: Name of the current hard disk or hard disk partition Space that currently allocated to the partition (MB) File system type of the partition The mount point of partition in directory tree, RAID device name, or LVM volume name Whether to format the current partition Starting physical block Ending physical block Table 5: Partition structure If you do not want to see the RAID devices or the LVM volumes in the list, select Hide RAID device/lvm Volume Group members. The buttons on the top of the partition table are used to control the actions of the partition tool. New: creates a new partition in the free space. After selection, a dialog box will appear asking for the partition details. 28

29 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Edit: select a partition and click this button to modify the properties of the selected partition. Delete: deletes the selected partition. Reset: Disregards all modifications and resets all partitions to their previous state (before starting the installation program). RAID: creates a logical device that can provide redundancy or stripping from physical partition. For the details, please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 SP1. Two or more partitions with a software RAID filesystem are necessary to create a software RAID partition. Select the RAID button to form Software RAID partitions into one or more RAID devices. LVM: Logical Volume Manager. Only experienced adninistrators should chose this option. For more details, please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 SP1. To establish a LVM logical volume, the administrator needs to create a partition whose filesystem is physical volume (LVM). Once one or several physical volumes (LVM) have been created, select LVM to create a LVM logical volume. The /boot partition cannot be on a LVM partition. The booting program, GRUB, included in Asianux Server 3 SP1 can not read from a LVM partition Deleting partition If there is not enough disk space available or if there is no Linux partition that can be deleted, the original partitions need to be deleted. For example, to delete a Windows partition from the host machine, select this partition from current partition table, then press Delete button Adding a new partition Select a Free Space from the list of partitions and click on the New button. Figure 25: Adding a new partition 29

30 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Mount Point : this field is used to enter the location of the new partition in the directory of the new system. A standard mount point can be selected from the drop-down menu. Input / to specify the root partition. A swap partition does not need any mount point. Other areas of your file system can be entered here; /boot or /home can have their own partitions. The only mandatory partitions are root and swap. File System Type : choose the file system type for the new partition from the drop-down menu. To create a swap partition, select swap. To create the root file system, or other file systems, select ext2, ext3, or vfat. The default partition type is ext3. vfat is not recommended for the normal Linux file systems. Here is a brief description of different file systems and their applications. ext2 ext3 physical volume label (LVM) software RAID swap vfat An ext2 file system supports standard Linux file types (regular files, directories, symbolic links, etc). It supports long filenames which is up to 255 Characters. ext3 is an upgraded version of the ext2 file system. An ext2 file system can be converted to an ext3 file system. An ext3 file system can also be converted to an ext2 file system. ext3 s main advantage is journaling. ext3 supports journaling on an external block device. Allocates a partition for later use as a physical volume by LVM. For the detailed introduction to LVM, please refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 SP1. Allocates a partition for later use in a RAID device. For the detailed introduction of RAIDïijŇplease refer to System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 SP1. Swap partitions, used for virtual memory. A Linux file system, compatible with Microsoft Windows long filenames on the FAT file system. It dose not fully support user permissions as in a standard Linux file system. Table 6: File systems and their characteristics If a Swap partition from another Linux system already exists, Asianux Server 3 SP1 will use this partition instead of creating a new swap partition. Allowable drives : The hard disk list of the system to be used for installation. The installation program will create the file system in the first selected drive with sufficient free disk space. Size (MB) : used to select the partition size (MB). The minimum size is 100MB. Additional Size Options : Fixed size : means the partition size will not change; Fill all space up to (MB) : enter a maximum size in the field to the right of this option to reserve the remaining space for future use. 30

31 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Fill to maximum allowable size : the partition size entered in the Size (MB) field above will be the minimum size for this partition. If more space is available, it will be used for this partition. If other partitions are created, the system will automatically take into account the size of the other partitions. Force to be a primary partition : choosing whether the partition to be established should be one of the four main partitions. If it is not selected, the new established partition will be a logical partition. Click OK : the information on the newly created partition will be displayed on the screen. Once all the partitions have been defined click the Next button. If you double click on the Free Space area, then a different style Add Partition box will appear, like the one below. Both perform the same overall functions, but this one does not offer the selection of devices to create the partition on, nor does it offer the flexible sizing options. Figure 26: Add partition Edit partitions Select a partition from the current partition table, and click the Edit button to modify the partition s parameters. If a partition already exists on your hard disk, you can only modify the partition s mount point and file system type. To make other changes, such as its size, it first needs to be deleted then created Configuring Software RAID The System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 SP1 introduces the concept of RAID, the difference between hardware RAID and software RAID and the meanings of each RAID level. Please review the section on RAID in the System Administration Manual of Asianux Server 3 SP1 to configure software RAID during installation. In this section, we will discuss the software RAID configuring in the partitioning tool. Before creating a RAID device, a software RAID partition must be allocated. Press New to create a new partition with the partitioning tool. The dialog box Add partition will appear. 31

32 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 27: Add a new RAID partition A mount point cannot be entered at this point. The RAID device first needs to be created. Select Software RAID from the File System Type drop down list. Allowable drives : Select the hard disk on which to create the software RAID partition. If a computer has more than one hard disk, then all of them will be selected by default. Only one device may be selected. Unselect other device to aloe the RAID partition to be created. Size (MB) : used to enter partition size (MB) Additional Size Options : Fixed size means the partition size will not change; Select Fill all space up to (MB) and enter a maximum size in the field to the right of this option to reserve more space for future use. Select Fill to maximum allowable size and the partition size entered above will be the minimum size of this partition, while the new partition will occupy the largest free space area available. If this option is used when creating other partitions, the system will automatically allocate space according to the proportion of the minimum size of these two partitions. Force to a primary partition : choose whether the partition to be established should be one of the four main partitions. If it is not selected, the new established partition will be a logical partition. Press OK to return to the main menu of partitioning tool. Repeat the above steps to establish other partitions required to make a software RAID device. Not all the partitions need the RAID redundancy mechanism. Only partitions which have a high demand for reliability or excellent performance should adopt this mechanism. For example, /home partition can be set as RAID device. After the partitions set as Software RAID have been created, the following steps can be used to create RAID devices: 32

33 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions 1. Click the RAID button in the main interface, and the RAID options dialog box will appear. Figure 28: RAID options 2. 2.Select Create a RAID device and click OK. Then the following dialog box Create RAID devices will pop up: To use RAID, first create at least two software RAID partitions. Then create a RAID device which will be formatted and mounted. 33

34 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 29: Create RAID devices 3. Enter, or select from the drop down list, the mount point for this device; 4. Select the File System Type which will be used by the RAID devices. The default type is ext3; 5. Select the name of RAID devices, such as md0; 6. In RAID level, the administrator can select to establish one from the three levels: RAID0, RAID1 or RAID5: To mount the RAID device to /boot, the administrator should choose the RAID1 level; similarily, to make the whole / partition to use RAID devices, instead of a single /boot partition, the administrator must select the RAID1 level The software RAID partition used to establish the RAID device is shown in the RAID member list. Select the partition which will be used to establish RAID device from the list. 8. If the level type to be established is RAID1 or RAID5, the administrator can assign the number of spare partition(s) in Number of spares field. 9. Click OK, and then the newly established RAID device will be shown in the RAID device of the main interface. 34

35 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 30: RAID disk array has been set up LVM configuring Asianux Server 3 SP1 System Administration Guide introduces the concepts behind LVM, its graphical configuration tool and also how to configure and manage LVM from the command line. Please refer to the section about LVM of the System Administration Guid before configuring LVM during the installation. In this section, we will introduce how to configure LVM in the Disk Druid interface. It is usually done as follows: 1. Create partitions as LVM physical volume; 2. Form a volume group using one or nore physical volumes; 3. Create logical volumes within the volume group, and set a mount point for each logical volume Creating partitions as LVM physical volume. Click the New button to create a new partition in the Disk Druid partitioning tool. A Add partition dialog box will appear. 35

36 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 31: Create a LVM Physical Volume partition The administrator can not enter a mount point here; the volume group needs first to be created. Select physical volume (LVM) from the File System Type selection list. Software RAID devices (not partitions) can also be used as physical volume. Allowable drives : Select the hard disk on which the LVM physical volume will be created. If the computer has more than one hard disk, they will all be be selected by default. Only one device may be selected. Unselect other device to allow the LVM Physical Volume partition to be created. Size (MB) : used to input partition size (MB) Additional Size Options : fixed size means that the partition size will not change. Select Fill all space up to (MB), and enter a maximum size in the field to the right of this option to reserve more space for future use. Select Fill to maximum allowable size and the partition size entered above will be the minimum size of this partition, while the new partition will occupy the largest free space area available. If his option is used when creating other partitions, the system will automatically allocate space according to the proportion of the minimum size of these two partitions. Forced to be a primary partition : tick for the partition to be established to be one of the four main partitions. If unticked the new established partition will be a logical partition. Press OK to return to the main menu of Disk Druid partitioning tool. Repeat the above steps to create other LVM Physical Volumes. The /boot partition can not be established within a volume group. To establish the root file system on a logical volume, a separated partition for /boot must be created on a non-lvm partition. 36

37 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions The administrator can establish multiple logical volumes within a volume group, but a physical volume belongs only to one volume group. After establishing all the LVM Physical Volumes needed, follow these steps: Forming the volume group 1. Click the LVM button in the main menu of Disk Druid partitioning tool. This tool is used to form a volume group from one or multiple LVM Physical Volumes. The following figure is the Make LVM volume group dialog box. Figure 32: Creating a LVM volume group 2. The name of volume group can be changed in the Volume Group Name text box. 3. LVM allocates storage with blocks of the same size. The default size is 32 MB. Optionally select another value from the list of Physical Extent. The default setting is reasonable in most cases, so it is suggested not to change it. 4. Select the physical volume (s) to be used to form the Volume Group from those presented in the Physical Volumes to Use selection box Creating the logical volume 1. Create Logical Volume (s) within the Volume Group. In the area of Logical Volumes, press the Add button and the Make Logical Volume pop-up box will appear. This is used to create a new Logical Volume on an established Volume Group and set its mount point, select the file system type, name the Logical Volume and allocate space for it from within the Volume Group. 37

38 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.5 Setting Up Partitions Figure 33: Creating a Logical Volume The administrator should consider leaving some space on volume group when establishing logical group, which will make the expansion of logical volume more convenient. 2. Clicking the OK button to return to the LVM menu, and add/edit/delete other Logical Volumes as needed. 3. Clicking the OK button in the main LVM menu will return to the main menu of the Disk Druid partitioning tool, and display the newly established Volume Group and Logical Volumes. 38

39 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.6 Configuring the Boot Loader Figure 34: Logical Volumes have been established 3.6 Configuring the Boot Loader GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) is the boot loader used in Asianux Server 3 SP1. GRUB allows several operating sysems to coexist on the same computer (different Linux distributions, Solaris, OS/2, various versions of Windows, etc.). It can be set up to boot automatically on the OS of your choice or to ask the user at start up on which OS to boot. GRUB may be installed into either the Master Boot Record (MBR), or the first sector of a bootable partition (for example, /dev/hda1). The MBR, located before the first partition, contains the partition table. It can be automatically loaded by the BIOS. This is the default location in which to install the GRUB boot record. If another boot managers is in use (System Commander, Boot Manager, etc.), install GRUB in the first sector of the boot partition. In this case, use the other manager to boot GRUB before booting Asianux Server 3 SP1. System with Windows 9X/2000/NT should install the boot loader into the MBR. The GRUB configuration interface is shown in the figure below: 39

40 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.7 Network Configuration Figure 35: Boot loader setup Install Boot Loader record on: Choose where to install GRUB. As described above, GRUB can be installed either in the MBR, or on the first sector of the boot partition. If there is more than one SCSI hard disk or both an IDE hard disk and an SCSI hard disk, select the option Change Drive Order, and reconfirm the location of MBR, which will be located on the first disk according to the drive order in the BIOS. Label: the label is displayed in the boot loader menu after booting GRUB. It is also displayed in text mode. Default: This OS is automatically booted by GRUB after a timeout period. A new bootable partition can be added into bootloader menu by using the Add button. To modify or delete a current boot label, please click Edit or Delete after selecting the item from the list. A bootloader password provides a security mechanism to prevent other users who have access to the system from changing kernel parameters at boot time. It is recommended to set a boot loader password to enhance the system security. To set a boot loader password, please tick the Use a Boot loader password check box, and enter the password. 3.7 Network Configuration If the installation program has detected one or more network carda in the host machine, the network configuration interface below will appear: 40

41 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.7 Network Configuration Figure 36: Network configuration The installation program will automatically detect the network devices in the computer and display them in the Network Devices list. Select a network device, and press the Edit button. A pop-up window for this network interface device will appear: 41

42 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.8 Setting the Time Zone Figure 37: Edit a Network Device Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to obtain information abou the network configuration from a DHCP server. If there is a DHCP server on the network, choose Use dynamic IP configuration to configure the IP address and Netmask of this network device via DHCP. If not, then type in the IP address and Netmask parameters. Asianux Server 3 SP1 supports IPv4 and IPv6. Choose the required protocol (s) by selecting Enable IPv4 support or Enable IPv6 support. IPv6 is short for Internet Protocol Version 6. IPv6 is the next generation protocol designed by the IETF to replace the current version of the Internet Protocol, IP Version 4 ( IPv4 ). If Active on boot is selected, this network interface will be started during the system boot process. Otherwise, this device may be started manually after booting the system. Click the OK button to close the pop-up window and the previous dialog. The next step is to set up a host name for the computer. Either select Use dynamic IP configuration hostname or select configure manually and enter the desired hostname and domain in the fields next to the selection. If the hostname is left empty, the system will use localhost as the default hostname. Finally, if the IP and Netmask information are entered manually, the Gateway address along with any Primary, or Tertiary DNS addresses should also be entered. A gateway configures the network route to connect the host machine to the Internet or to another internal network. The three DNS options are used to configure access to any Primary, Secondary or Tertiary name servers, which will be searched in that order. If the installation program cannot detect your network card, the network configuration interface will not appear. Administrators can choose to change network configuration after the installation is completed. 3.8 Setting the Time Zone Asianux Server 3 SP1 provides time zone selection for people all over the world. 42

43 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP1 3.9 Setting the root password Figure 38: Time zone setting If the local time zone makes use of Daylight Savings Time and Linux is the only operating system installed on this computer then select System clock uses UTC and set the hardware clock of the computer to UTC/GMT. This will allow for automatic adjustments based on DST. Current Microsoft based OS require the hardware clock to be set to the local time zone. 3.9 Setting the root password In a Linux system, the root user is the system administrator; he or she can perform any operation on the system. The root password is a vital part of the system security, its security requirements should be very high. As shown below, the installation program will prompt for the root password. Enter a password in the Root Password field, and then enter the same password in Confirm field, and click Next. 43

44 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP Software package Selection Figure 39: Setting the root password The passwords must contain at least 6 characters (case sensitive). The system administrator should remember the password and develop a habit of changing it regularly. The system administrator can change the password when working with the system either by using the passwd command or by using the user management tools Software package Selection The Asianux Server 3 SP1 installer provides a selection of components to choose from. It is suggested to choose Everything for a general purpose installation. The software packages selection can be customized in the next step by choosing Customize from this memu. This dialog also provides the choice of Middleware Packages and Virtualization Packages. These packages are not included in the Everything or Customize selections. 44

45 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP Preparing to Install Figure 40: Software package installation dialog 3.11 Preparing to Install After the installer has finished checking dependencies in the packages selected for installation, a confirmation dialog will appear. 45

46 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP Installing software packages Figure 41: Installation Summary A complete log of the installation will be saved in /root/install.log. Please make sure that the installation options are correct. This is the last opportunity to press the back button and return to or cancel the installation process. At this step, if the Next button is pressed, the disk partition (s) will be formatted and the software packages will be installed Installing software packages The installation program will read the software packages information, make necessary preparation, and then begin to copy the packages from the source. The time necessary for the installation depends on many factors (numbers of packages to install, hardware, network speed, etc.). The installation program will display an estimated remaining time. See the figure below: 46

47 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP Configuring Display Configuration Figure 42: Installing software packages A brief introduction to the system and an installation progress indicator will be displayed during installation. This will help the administrator to become familiar with Asianux Server 3 SP1 during the installation. The basic Asianux Server 3 SP1 system has three CDs. When CD is chosen as the source media, the system will prompt the administrator to insert the second and third CD when needed Configuring Display Configuration Once the installation is complete, the system will prompt for display configuration. Under the Setting tab, configure the Resolution and Color depth as desired. The default values are 800x600 and thousands of colors. Under the Hardware tab, configure the Monitor Type and select the appropriate Video Card. The login type should be chosen depending on what the computer is to be used. There is a higher demand placed on system resources when the Graphical mode is used. If the system is used as a personal workstation, choose the Graphic login mode. When it is used as a server, it is suggested to use the default Text login interface. 47

48 3 INSTALLING ASIANUX SERVER 3 SP Configuring Display Configuration Figure 43: Configuring display Figure 44: Configuring the display mode and login type 48