mhealth: a Global Perspective OECD Expert Consultation on Mobile Technology-Based Services for Global Health & Wellness Harvard Global Health Institute, Boston, 5-6 Oct. 2016 Dr Joan Dzenowagis ehealth Unit, WHO Geneva
ehealth @ WHO Global advocacy and leadership Interagency partnerships Intersectoral collaboration Agenda setting Global networks NGOs and CCs Professional associations Industry associations Academia ehealth Unit Technical expertise Global situation, trends and evidence Tools and services Norms and standards Governance, strategies, ethics Strengthening WHO Capacity Coordination Quality
National context for ehealth development Strengthening ehealth enabling environment, create foundations Developing and Building up WHO/ITU National ehealth Strategy Toolkit Established ICT environment Performance Scaling up Mainstreaming Scaling-up and integration, costeffectiveness, policies for privacy, security and innovation Emerging enabling environment for ehealth Strengthening infrastructure, make the case for ehealth Early adoption Experimentation Source: http://www.who.int/ehealth/en Governance, policy, standards and human resources Overall market and penetration of infrastructure Emerging ICT environment Established enabling environment for ehealth
WHO/ITU National ehealth Strategy Toolkit National ehealth components ehealth components are introduced or strengthened through a strategy. All components are considered, even if not addressed in the final strategy. Source: http://www.who.int/ehealth/en
GOe Survey 2015: Areas covered ehealth applications: public services, knowledge services, provider services Enabling policies and strategies: citizen protection, equity, diversity, interoperability, capacity development Foundations: governance, policy, funding, infrastructure
mhealth: Selected findings, 2015 Over 80% of 125 responding countries have government-sponsored mhealth programmes mhealth is primarily guided by ehealth and telehealth policies (60%), but no specific policy guidance in 30% of countries Over half of Member States are actively promoting mhealth and providing guidance in standards, privacy and security
Selected findings (2) Gaps include policies on data ownership, regulation of devices, oversight of mobile health apps and evaluation mhealth primarily extends current health programmes & services, at national or local level (vs international) Countries have a mix of pilots and established programmes, the latter are growing
Number of countries Percent of countries 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Adoption of mhealth programmes by type, 2015 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Number Percent Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
mhealth programmes in countries reporting in 2010 & 2015 Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
mhealth programmes support health services in all income groups Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
Role of national health authorities in mhealth, globally, 2015 Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
The evaluation gap is significant (2015, n=122) Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
Indicators used by countries evaluating government mhealth programmes Cost-effectiveness (target groups) Sustainability Health Outcome Cost-effectiveness (providers) Quality Access Programme acceptance (target Programme acceptance 0% 50% 100% Percent of countries evaluating mhealth, n=14 Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
Barriers to mhealth implementation, globally (n=116) Source: WHO Global Observatory for ehealth, 2016
National context: remarks Across the survey, there is notable regional variation in the e/mhealth enabling environment Sharing of data between countries is an important area for further work Legal frameworks must evolve to accommodate transfer of information between patients, providers and devices The growth in adoption of legal frameworks is a strong and positive indicator for ehealth development.