i-pcgrid Wokshop 2016 Apil 1 st 2016 San Fancisco, CA Liang Min* Eddy Banks, Bian Kelley, Met Kokali, Yining Qin, Steve Smith, Philip Top, and Caol Woodwad *min2@llnl.gov, 925-422-1187 LDRD 13-ERD-043 This wok was pefomed unde the auspices of the U.S. Depatment of Enegy by Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy unde contact DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawence Livemoe National Secuity, LLC
Califonia powe gid consists of 6000 tansmission substations and 10,000 distibution cicuits. seving about 15 million customes. Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 2
Decoupled tansmission and distibution simulations ae insufficient fo complex smat gid systems Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 3
We have built a HPC achitectue to couple T&D simulation to addess pending complex smat gid systems The gid simulation assumption was made that the time-scales on the distibution netwok do not impact the tansmission system. f, g and h ae all functions of V 1, V 2,, and Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 4
We have built ou own tansmission simulato, GidDyn. It is witten in C++ and use SUNDIALS/IDA and KINSOL as the solves. Softwae components ae independent, eusable, and eplaceable. Distibution simulato (GidLab-D) was modified and enhanced fo HPC. Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 5
GidDyn Achitectue Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 6
Test Case Coupled Tansmission and Distibution System Model PG&E Feede Model IEEE 13 Feede Model WECC Tansmission Model (180 buses) Assigned one distibution feede simulation to one coe, the whole tansmission simulation to one coe. Inceased load on Bus 140 by connecting moe distibution feedes to that tansmission bus and monitoed what happens to the bus voltage. Goal is to un lage distibution poblem in same amount of time Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 7
Test Case Using scaled-up demand esponse at the distibution level to offset the need fo load shedding to avoid voltage collapse 2% DR was called to offset the need of load shedding to avoid voltage collapse Backgound: As CAISO studied, afte the SONGS etiement, voltage stability collapse became the limiting constaint in LA basin. The ugency to scale-up demand esponse is high to maintain a eliable electic system, paticulaly in Southen Califonia, in the absence of the San Onofe Nuclea Geneating Station (SONGS). 1 T+ 63Gidlab-D 1 T+ 1GidLab-D 1 T+ 511Gidlab-D Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 8
V V Validation Study with PG&E - CYME and GidLab-D simulation esults compaison on the PG&E Feede CYME vs Gidlab-D 10 Voltage Pofile Eo CYME 0-10 -20 7600 7400 Voltage Pofile -30 GLD 7200 7000 6800 6600 6400 6200 A 6000 B C 5800 0 0.5 1 Distance fom souce (ft) 1.5 2 x 10 4-40 -50-60 A B C -70 0 0.5 1 Distance fom souce (ft) 1.5 2 x 10 4 Both CYME and GidLab-D esults indicate a stong imbalance in the load The eos in voltage ae less than 1%. Eos ae caused by the impedances mismatch when tanslating between the two models Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 9
Smat gid = Electicity infastuctue + Intelligence infastuctue. We need a powe systems and communication co-simulation to answe vey impotant questions: What will happen to the electic gid: - If data is dopped o delayed? - If data is modified in tansit? - With this capability, we can help utilities bette design thei wideaea contol schemes and ensue system secuity and eliability. NIST Smat Gid Refeence Diagam The intedependencies of communication and powe systems ae becoming inceasingly impotant Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 10
Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 11
Small toolkit fo coupling continuous and discete time simulations Povides Time contol fo advancing state of fedeated simulatos Communication between objects in fedeated simulatos Designed fo HPC Asynchonous API design MPI used as communication laye Paallel consevative ganted time window synchonization algoithm Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 12
22-23 22-21 22 21-22 21-16 23-24 21 19-16 23-22 23 19 17-18 Oiginal Single Line Diagam IEEE 39-bus System 23-24 23-22 23 13-14 13-10 10-13 10-11 24-23 13 10 11-10 24 24-16 22-23 22-21 11 11-6 15-16 15-14 22 15 6-11 14 21-22 6 21 16-24 14-13 14-4 14-15 6-7 5-4 5-6 6-5 21-16 16-19 16 16-15 4-14 5-8 5 7-6 19 17-16 16-21 16-17 4-5 4 19-16 7 17-18 17 4-3 7-8 17-27 3-4 8-5 27-17 27-26 8 18-17 3 18 3-18 8-7 27 18-3 8-9 3-2 26-28 26-29 28-26 26-27 26 9-8 9 28 26-25 2 28-29 2-1 2-25 9-39 2-3 39 1 25 1-2 1-39 39-9 39-1 29 25-26 25-2 29-28 29-26 N 13-14 24-23 Resultant Communication 4-14 Gateway Route System Model 14 4 13 A-B 13-10 10-13 24 24-16 15 16 16-24 15-16 16-17 CSMA Link (5µs popagation 16-15 delay) 16-19 17-16 16-21 17 Point-to-Point Link (popagation delay popotional 15-14 to tansmission line eactance) Substation LAN fo bus N 4-5 4-3 ns-3 Smat Gid Application (potection elay) fo end A of tansmission line A to B 14-13 14-4 14-15 3-4 Total has about 100 communication nodes 17 Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 10-11 10 5-4 5-8 13 5
Ad-hoc (pee to pee) potection elay systems scenaio: Bus fault at Bus 4 at t=0.2s and clea the fault at t=0.25s Supevisoy (maste agent) wide aea contol scenaio: fault at Bus 4 at t=0.2s and clea the fault at t=0.35s We could vay the line latency and the thoughput to assess diffeent contol schemes. As the WAN latency inceases, tip times incease, which affects system voltage ecovey. Delayed Voltage Recovey due to long fault clea time Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 14
Tech tansfe activities The integated T&D simulato will be used as the validation platfom by Eaton/PG&E fo thei ARPA-E poject. The GidDyn will be used on LBNL s SuNLaMP poject A Cybe-physical co-simulation platfom fo Distibuted Enegy Resouces in Smat Gids. Paallel distibution modeling has been poposed to suppot Califonia distibution esouce planning activities patneing with LBNL/SLAC though GMLC. GMLC has poposed to continue the integated T&D&C eseach diection. Lawence Livemoe National Laboatoy 15
Q&A Thank You