1 WHICH MICRO? What does MCU needs to do in my system? What are the tasks? Dr. Adriana Becker-Gomez Email: axbeec@rit.edu Office: 9-3477
2 Specs System design: High level definition (functional specs) System Specification Performance Reliability Environmental, etc. Component Specs: Module specs Hardware design PCB design? Software design
3 System Design High level definition of implementation Allocation and functionality of microcontroller Solutions define major components. Program SW or HW Select micro HW to build and test Simple micro test routines to be written to exercise HW.
4 Software SW specs: Functional specs Define HW/SW interface Memory allocation for various data SW Design: Software structure Identify content of algorithms SW Coding: Write program Verify according to SW functional specs Interaction SW/HW: Eliminate interface problems Most Complex: Good understanding HW design & SW design, CAD tools? Functional test: Test Specs SW modification: Optimize, correct
5 Design considerations Programmability, re-programmability Internal: Flash, EEPROM, OTP External: memory? Peripherals : Do they have built in? Ethernet, CAN, USB Multiple serial ports: UART, SPI, I2C Timers, Controllers: PWM I/O pins, Output current : to drive leds, etc. Similar functionality can be implemented by software or external parts Voltage range: system supply voltage
6 Design Considerations Packaging size/type: for prototyping PCB fabrication, soldering? Pin space <0.05 difficult Ceramic DIP, LCC (plastic 0.3 or 0.6 or.071 shrink DIP), PLCC (plastic leaded carrier), PQFP (plastic quad flat pack), EIAJQFP (small outline integrated circuit), surface mount? Memory (Size):What is the right amount? Data memory (RAM), program memory (ROM) External RAM capabilities? Some algorithms require >> RAM i.e. Ethernet package, network interface, graphic controllers, LCD, multiply accumulate (MAC operations), timer, I/O engines, Retain data after power off, Flash. Battery operated or AC ( Ultra Low Power?) Environment Temperature, Humidity, Noise, Vibration, harsh conditions
7 Design Considerations Architecture: CISC vs. RISC RISC high performance (speed) Function of MCU: DSP, POR(power on reset), low voltage (LVD), on board debugging Speed of programming (Flash) Interrupt capability Cost : Development cost: Development tools (IDE), low complex software, emulator? Manuals, app notes, books, learning curve-training? OS: real time? Generic : Linux, Android, PC power> cost vs. performance Technical support Manufacturing Cost Influence peripherals
8 Selection Price RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH, FRAM. Memory management Timers A/D and D/A Serial and parallel ports(i/o control lines) Bus speed (max and min). Performance and special PCB? Special instructions (multiply, divide, etc) # of Interrupts, interrupt time response Package size/type (move up/down, compatible) Power supply requirements (Low Power?) Expansion and value Consider 2 MCU same cost one with more features (future expansion no cost) chose that MCU Any other item important in your design Ease of design, same tool chain?
9 Functions Complexity: Logging Control: measurement inputs, one, many Timing Display : menu options? Sensors Number of interfaces controlled by Micro influences complexity Hardware design vs. Software design
10 Test Self test Internal test algorithms Entrance functionality Test setup Functional test: define test required Speed, versatility Field test Training?
11 Deliverables Prototype: Circuit schematic, layout Hardware: Component list Software: code listing, design documentation Test software, source files All required to be maintained Hard copy/soft copy Design, verification, test and final report Complexity vs. time Deadlines influence choices Short time to learn a new architecture.
12 Research Conduct a search for MCU that meet all system requirements Literature search Books Data sheets Technical trade journals (most up to date) Search engines (new parametric search, renesas, microchip, freescale, TI, Cypress, ARM) Single chip solutions, or extra circuitry Pricing, availability, development tools, manufacturer support, stability, sole sourcing
TI Embedded Processing Portfolio TI Embedded Processors Microcontrollers (MCUs) ARM -Based Processors Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) 16-bit ultralow-power MCUs 32-bit real-time MCUs 32-bit ARM Cortex -M3 MCUs ARM Cortex-A8 MPUs DSP DSP+ARM Multi-core DSP Ultra low-power DSP MSP430 Up to 25 MHz Flash 1 KB to 256 KB Analog I/O, ADC LCD, USB, RF Measurement, Sensing, General Purpose $0.25 to $9.00 C2000 Delfino Piccolo 40MHz to 300 MHz Flash, RAM 16 KB to 512 KB PWM, ADC, CAN, SPI, I 2 C Motor Control, Digital Power, Lighting, Ren. Enrgy $1.50 to $20.00 Stellaris ARM Cortex -M3 Up to 80 MHz Flash 8 KB to 256 KB USB, ENET MAC+PHY CAN, ADC, PWM, SPI Connectivity, Security, Motion Control, HMI, Industrial Automation $1.00 to $8.00 Sitara ARM Cortex -A8 & ARM9 300MHz to >1GHz Cache, RAM, ROM USB, CAN, PCIe, EMAC Industrial computing, POS & portable data terminals $5.00 to $20.00 C6000 DaVinci video processors OMAP 300MHz to >1Ghz +Accelerator Cache RAM, ROM USB, ENET, PCIe, SATA, SPI Floating/Fixed Point Video, Audio, Voice, Security, Conferencing $5.00 to $200.00 C6000 24.000 MMACS Cache RAM, ROM SRIO, EMAC DMA, PCIe Telecom test & meas, media gateways, base stations $40 to $200.00 C5000 Up to 300 MHz +Accelerator Up to 320KB RAM Up to 128KB ROM USB, ADC McBSP, SPI, I 2 C Audio, Voice Medical, Biometrics $3.00 to $10.00 Software & Dev. Tools Roadmap
MSP430 Roadmap Value Line Parts
Value Line Parts Part# MSP430G Program (kb) SRAM (kb) I/O 16-bit Timer Watchdog BOR USI (I2C/SPI) Comp _A+ Temp Sensor ADC Ch/Res 2001 0.5 128 10 1 Y Y - - - - $0.34 2101 1 128 10 1 Y Y - - - - $0.44 2121 1 128 10 1 Y Y Y - - - $0.46 2201 2 128 10 1 Y Y - - - - $0.47 2221 2 128 10 1 Y Y Y - - - $0.48 2111 1 128 10 1 Y Y - Y - - $0.46 2211 2 128 10 1 Y Y - Y - - $0.48 2131 1 128 10 1 Y Y Y - Y 8/10 $0.49 2231 2 128 10 1 Y Y Y - Y 8/10 $0.52 1kU Price Power consumption @ 2.2V: 0.1 µa RAM retention 0.4 µa Standby mode (VLO) 0.7 µa real-time clock mode 220 µa / MIPS active Ultra-Fast Wake-Up From Standby Mode in <1 µs CPU
MSP430 CPU 100% code compatible with earlier versions 1MB unified memory map No paging Extended addressing modes Page-free 20-bit reach Improved code density Faster execution Full tools support through IAR and CCS R0 / PC (Program Counter) R1 / SP (Stack Pointer) R2 R2 / CG1 R3 R3 / CG2 R4 R4 R5 R5 R6 R6 R7 R7 R8 R8 R9 R9 R10 R10 R11 R11 R12 R12 R13 R13 R14 R14 R15 R15 Memory Map
Memory Map Flash programmable via JTAG or In- System (ISP) ISP down to 2.2V. Single-byte or Word Interruptible ISP/Erase Main memory: 512 byte segments (0-n). Erasable individually or all Information memory: 64 byte segments (A-D) Section A contains device-specific calibration data and is lockable Programmable Flash Memory Timing Generator 0FFFFh 0FFE0h FFDFh 0F800h 010FFh 01000h 027Fh 0200h 01FFh 0100h 0FFh 010h 0Fh 0h x2231 shown Interupt Vector Table Flash/ROM Information Memory RAM 16-bit Peripherals 8-bit Peripherals 8-bit Special Function Registers Peripherals
Value Line Peripherals 10-bits of General Purpose I/O 8-bits on port P1 and 2-bits on port P2 Independently programmable Any combination of input, output, and interrupt (edge selectable) is possible Read/write access to port-control registers is supported by all instructions Each I/O has an individually programmable pull-up/pull-down resistor 16-bit Timer_A2 2 capture/compare registers Extensive interrupt capabilities WDT+ Watchdog Timer Also available as an interval timer Brownout Reset Provides correct reset signal during power up and down Power consumption included in baseline current draw Peripherals
Value Line Peripherals Universal Serial Interface (USI) Basic hardware for SPI and I2C Master or Slave modes Programmable clock Comparator_A+ Inverting and non-inverting inputs Selectable RC output filter Output to Timer_A2 capture input Interrupt capability 8 Channel/10-bit 200 ksps SAR ADC 8 external channels (device dependent) Voltage and Internal temperature sensors Programmable reference Direct transfer controller send results to conversion memory with CPU intervention Interrupt capable Board
LaunchPad Development Board USB Emulator Connection Embedded Emulation 6-pin ez430 Connector Crystal Pads Chip Pinouts Part and Socket P1.3 Button Power Connector LEDs and Jumpers P1.0 & P1.6 Reset Button Lab
Lab1: Hardware Setup Download and install tools and documentation Review kit contents Connect hardware Test preloaded software Agenda
22 Work Plan Elements Training: gain experience HW/SW MCU System specification Features required by customer needs Define MCU product in detail, operations, display, interfaces System Design High level definition Allocation of HW/SW major components Functional Test Spec Define test required, demo that product complies with requirements Circuit Board design Schematics HW development Test
23 Work Plan Elements (cont.) HW Build and Test Assembly SW routine test SW Specs (Functional specs) Define HW/SW interface Memory Allocation SW Design Establish SW structure SW Coding Write Program SW function specs. System Integration
24 Example Selection: Small Motor Control Drive 2 motors with dual H-bridge chip Need I2C for talking to other boards in system USB for debugging Boot loading & communication with PC 3 analog signals to bring in 4 LED status indicators Few GPIO just for good measure Not high volume production ~hundreds 2 PWM channel, 3 A/D, I2C, USB Not sure code size, based in past experience ~16K Program memory (ROM) ~2K Data (RAM) Look feature table Microchip: Product selection PIC18F25K80!