Introduction to Scientific Typesetting Lesson 11: Foreign Languages,, and Ryan Higginbottom January 19, 2012 1
Ð The Package 2
Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages 3
Without Ð Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages There is a way to make accented characters without loading an extra package. á ³ß Ð à ß Ð â ß Ð ä ß Ð ã ß Ð ç ßÐ ō ßÓÐ ō ßÓÐ ȯ ºßÓÐ ụ ßÙÐ å Öß Ð ŏ ÙßÓÐ š Úß Ð 4
What s the Problem? Without Ð What s the Problem? A number of things. All of those curly braces are a pain. With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages L A T E X is very US-centric in terms of hyphenation patterns, numbering styles and typesetting conventions. When typing in a different language, it s not just about putting accents on letters! If you re using different languages, you don t want to have Contents" or References" show up for your Table of Contents or Bibliography you want the appropriate word for your language. 5
With Ð The Ð package is very easy to load: Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish You can load several languages; your default one is the last one loaded. Ù Ô ÓÔØ ÓÒ ß ÐÐ Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages Ù Ô Ô Ò Ò Ð ß ÐÐ This would start me off in standard English. But, I could switch over to Spanish conventions any time I wanted. In order to use a language in your document, it must be declared in the options of the Ù Ô ß ÐÐ command! 6
Using Another Language There are two ways. Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Ð ØÐ Ò Ù ßÐ Ò Ù Ð If I want to switch to Spanish in the middle of my document, I just include the command Ð ØÐ Ò Ù ß Ô Ò Ð. Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages ÒßÓØ ÖÐ Ò Ù ÐßÐ Ò Ù Ð The alternative to the above: ÒßÓØ ÖÐ Ò Ù Ðß Ô Ò Ð ººº Ò ßÓØ ÖÐ Ò Ù Ð Using Ð can support non-latin alphabets too, like Greek, Russian and Hebrew. (You ll have to use something different to type Chinese or other Asian alphabets.) 7
Typing in Spanish If your document will be entirely in Spanish, I would suggest this in the preamble: Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages Ù Ô Ô Ò Ø Ú ÙØ ß ÐÐ This provides a lot of shortcuts for accents. (See PDF document online.) Other differences? Numbering and symbols for Ø Ñ Þ and ÒÙÑ Ö Ø. Operators with accents: instead of limf(x) you get límf(x) x 1 x 1 Different words for Contents, References, Figure, etc. ØÓ Ý gives the date like 18 de enero de 2012" Decimals and commas in large numbers handled differently (needs to be in math mode). 8
Open the first example file (ºØ Ü), build and view. Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages 9
Typing in French If your document will entirely be in French, I would advise this in the Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages preamble: Ù Ô Ö Ò ß ÐÐ This provides some shortcuts for punctuation. (See PDF document online.) Other differences? Symbols and spacing for Ø Ñ Þ environment. First paragraph of a section indented. Different words for Contents, References, Figure, etc. ØÓ Ý gives the date like 18 janvier 2012" 10
Typing in German If your document will entirely be in German, I would advise this in Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages the preamble: Ù Ô ÖÑ Ò ß ÐÐ This provides some shortcuts for punctuation and accents. (See PDF document online.) Other differences? Different words for Contents, References, Figure, etc. ØÓ Ý gives the date like 18. Januar 2012" 11
A Warning About Changing Languages Without Ð What s the Problem? With Ð Using Another Language Typing in Spanish Typing in French If you start off with a language in your Ð options in the preamble and change your mind, you ll need to delete the º ÙÜ file (and the ºØÓ file if you re making a TOC) before building again, or you ll get an error. : Suppose I start with Typing in German A Warning About Changing Languages Ù Ô Ô Ò Ö Ò Ò Ð ß ÐÐ in Ð ºØ Ü then decide I won t be using Ö Ò after all. If I ve built Ð ºØ Ü at least once, then before building Ð ºØ Ü with just Ù Ô Ô Ò Ò Ð ß ÐÐ in the preamble, I ll have to delete Ð º ÙÜ and possibly Ð ºØÓ. 12
The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package Balancing More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Back to the 13
The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package Balancing More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Back to the There are lots of occasions to type in multiple columns. One way to accomplish this is with the ØÛÓÓÐÙÑÒ option in the command, but the ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ package can do a ÓÙÑ ÒØÐ lot more. Make sure to put Ù Ô ßÑÙÐØ ÓÐÐ in your preamble. Very simply, use the ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ environment, specify your desired number of columns, and go to town. This will give you text in Ò equal width columns. ÒßÑÙÐØ ÓÐ ÐßÒÐ ÑÙÐØ ÓÐÙÑÒ Ø ÜØ Ò ßÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Ð 14
Balancing The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package Balancing More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Back to the The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ environment balances the columns automatically. That is, it adjusts the vertical space to make all of the columns on the final page of the environment end at the same place. Sometimes people don t want this. They don t mind unbalanced columns on the final page. This can be achieved simply by using the ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ environment. 15
Open the second example file (ºØ Ü), build and view. The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package Balancing More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Back to the 16
More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package Balancing More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Back to the The distance between columns is a length controlled by ÓÐÙÑÒ Ô. If you wanted one-half inch between columns, type this before the ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ environment: ØÐ Ò Ø ß ÓÐÙÑÒ ÔÐߺ ÒÐ. You can have a line show up between columns as well. This is a length (default is 0pt) controlled by ÓÐÙÑÒ ÔÖÙÐ. If you want a line between columns of 0.5pt thickness, type this: ØÐ Ò Ø ß ÓÐÙÑÒ ÔÖÙÐ Ðߺ ÔØÐ. To force a column break, use ÓÐÙÑÒ Ö. 17
Back to the The ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Package Balancing More on ÑÙÐØ ÓÐ Back to the Make these adjustments in the previous example file to see the effect. Adjust the number of columns on the first page from 3 to 4. Force some column breaks on the first page. Put 1 inch between columns only on the second page. Put a 2pt thick line between columns only on the first page. 18
Ð The Package The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice 19
The Ø ØÐ package Ð The Package Up until now, we have accepted the section title formatting as a given. But like just about everything in L A T E X, the appearance of these can be changed. The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice The key is to use the Ø ØÐ package. This package has two ways of operating: the simple interface; this is easier to learn but offers less in the way of customization; and the advanced interface; a lot more complicated to learn, but almost unlimited potential customizations. We re going with the simple interface. See the package documentation for a more detailed explanation. 20
The Basic Interface The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes All of these adjustments are made in the preamble. Here is a table describing the allowed changes to the font. Element Options Description Font Family ÖÑ normal font sans serif font A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice Font Series Font Shape ØÝÔ ÛÖ Ø Ö ØÝÔ ØØ medium weight Ñ bold upright ÙÔ italics Ø slanted Ð SMALL CAPS 21
More Changes The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice Here is a table describing some other changes possible with Ø ØÐ. Element Options Description big font (default) Ñ ÙÑ medium Font Size Ñ ÐÐ small size of Ø ÒÝ text right justified Ö Ð Ø Alignment centered ÒØ Ö left Ö Ö Ø justified ÓÑÔ Ø Vertical spacing reduces spacing 22
A First What would it mean to have this in the preamble? The Ø ØÐ package My section (and subsection, etc.) titles would be Ù Ô Ñ ÐÐ ÒØ Ö ßØ ØÐ Ð The Basic Interface More Changes A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice in sans-serif font; bold; in a font size just bigger than the normal text; and centered. Open the third example file (ºØ Ü), build and view. 23
Changing the Number The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes A First The Ø ØÐ Ð Ð command allows you to change the appearance of the number in your sections (and subsections, etc.). Within this, Ø Ø ØÐ refers to the current sectioning number. : Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice Ø ØÐ Ð Ðß Ø Ø ØÐ µ Ô ßº ÒÐÐ This would enclose the section (or subsection) number in parentheses and then put one-half inch between that right parenthesis and the title for the section. 24
Changing One Element The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes The final command provided in this basic interface is the Ø ØÐ ÓÖÑ Ø command. This allows you to modify just a single sectioning command. Any command given here overrides what was defined in the options in Ù Ô. : A First Changing the Number Ø ØÐ ÓÖÑ Ø ß Ù Ø ÓÒÐ Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice ß Ö Ø Ô Ö Ö ØÐ This makes my subsection titles bold, italicized, and left-justified. In this command, use syntax like Ð Ö or Ä Ê to change the font size. Notice that I had to use Ö instead of Ø ÜØ ßÐ. Technically speaking, Ø ÜØ ßÐ is a command and Ö is a declaration. 25
Commands and Declarations Ð The Package [This slide is a repeat from earlier in the course.] You know how to use commands, but declarations can be used as either The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First ß Ö ÓÐ Ð or as an environment: Òß Ö Ð. Here s the correspondence: Command Declaration Command Declaration Practice Ø ÜØÖÑ ÖÑ Ñ ÐÝ Ø ÜØ Ñ ÐÝ Ø ÜØØØ ØØ Ñ ÐÝ Ø ÜØÑ Ñ Ö Ø ÜØ Ö Ø ÜØÙÔ ÙÔ Ô Ø ÜØ Ø Ø Ô Ø ÜØ Ð Ð Ô Ø ÜØ Ô ÑÔ Ñ 26
More with Our First Make these changes to the preamble of the previous example file, one at a time. See the effect they have on the document. The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes Add this to the preamble: A First Ø ØÐ Ð Ðß Ø Ø ØÐ µ Ô ßº ÒÐÐ Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Add this to the preamble: Practice Ø ØÐ ÓÖÑ Ø ß Ù Ø ÓÒÐ ß Ö Ø Ô Ö Ö ØÐ 27
Practice Let s practice! Open the fourth example file (ºÔ ) and reproduce it. The Ø ØÐ package The Basic Interface More Changes A First Changing the Number Changing One Element Commands and Declarations More with Our First Practice 28