New Trends in Smart Intelligence for Raspberry Pi (model-b) based Office Automation System Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering Tadepalligudem, India Abstract In many offices all the electrical loads are operated by electrical switches and also in room temperature monitoring can be done but coming to the operation there are several problems are occurred in offices, to overcome that, This paper proposes better automation in offices that can be done by using raspberry pi model B, based on the sensor data to control the room temperature, humidity and electrical loads anywhere in the office with the help of android mobile, if we want to know the room temperature for that we can create separate web page also, by using this arrangement electrical switches can replaced with LCD screen displayed type of switches with WiFi inbuilt in offices. Keywords Raspberry Pi; Android Application; PIR sensor; Internet LAN; Wifi; IOT 179 I. INTRODUCTION A typical home automation is involves to control the electrical loads, it can be done by using Bluetooth, internet, Android application and SMS based, Remote control based, Dual Tone Multi-Frequency(DTMF) based, Zigbee based arrangements. Modern systems generally consist of switches and sensors connected to a central hub sometimes called a "gateway" from which the system is controlled with a user interface that is interacted either with a wall-mounted terminal, mobile phone software, tablet computer or a web interface, often but not always via internet cloud services. Fig 1 Architecture of the past Automation system Drawbacks of existing for the past office automation systems response and reliability of the operation is not satisfactory, after the advancement of the technology Raspberry Pi-3 is coming into the picture by this we can easily control and monitor the office or home with android app Wi-Fi-based home automation is very easy to control and also eliminated wires in this process to transmit the radiofrequency into transmit data through the air. Wi-Fi initial speed varies from 1mbps to 2 Mbps. Wi-Fi transmits data frequency band of 2.4GHz.Range of Wi-Fi technology is 40-300 feet. At the time of starting in Wi-Fi-based automation Microcontrollers are too controlling devices later it can be done by using many controllers. Bluetooth based home automation control panel is interfaced with server via Bluetooth. The controller will serve as a host controller, which will describe an event to server on button click. But the drawback in this system is it will works very short range of distance compare to other systems. Now the smart homes are equipped with well-advanced technology is used in recent days for controlling and also many other operations can be made it. This system is used to switch on and off the target devices by Wi-Fi or Internet. This controlling function can be made throughout the world with the same server also. This is used to designed improve the comfort and also security is provided. The objective of this is easy to control and also we create a web page for monitoring the office temperature, by this to minimize the electrical energy consumption, finally the system efficiency can be improved. Raspberry Pi consists of its own desktop, inbuilt, Python programs can run in Linux. In this system server and client are exist they can interface through Raspberry Pi and finally the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi can control through the relay channels with help of Wi-Fi or Internet connection. II. ARCHITECTURE OF THE OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEM A. Overview This system composed with the raspberry pi, web server, sensors, android application, and electrical appliances used in office automation system. The office automation system consists many of the electrical appliances like air conditioners, lights, blowers, coffee machines. The office automation system mainly divided into two parts i.e. client side and server side. This client-side having the raspberry pi and 4 relay channel, and the server side the raspberry pi IP address links with the HTML web page this shows the
office temperature value from time to time. Sensors are used in this system whatever the data collect it can be transferred to the ADC converter, it sends signal to the Pi GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi, based on status of the pins the corresponding loads are to be active. The internet connection through LAN (local area network) or Wi -Fi hotspot can be used to control and monitored the office automation environment from the remote location by using android application. Figure 1 shows how the office automation system will operate. The four appliances, namely: ceiling fans, lights, air-condition unit and refrigerator are control using a android app. These appliances are connected to the Raspberry Pi s GPIO pins using a 4 channel relay board. The mobile and the Raspberry Pi are connected to the same local network. does, like spreadsheets, word processing, browsing the internet, and playing games. The raspberry pi available in two models, they are model A and model B. For model A does not include an Ethernet port. But in model B board includes an Ethernet port. The raspberry pi board consists a program memory (RAM), processor and CPU, GPU, Ethernet port, GPIO pins, and power source connector. For mass storage purpose SD card slot is included. Raspberry Pi hardware is booted using this SD card similarly as a PC boots up into windows from its hard disk. Essential hardware specifications of raspberry pi board mainly include SD card containing Linux OS. Memory: The raspberry pi model B is having the memory storage capacity is 1GB. Raspberry Pi is a small size PC compare with other PCs. The normal PCs RAM Hardware description Raspberry Pi: The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized computer that plugs into your LCD TV and a keyboard. It is a capable little computer which can be used in electronics projects, and for many of the things that your desktop PC 180 Fig 1.1 Architecture the office automation system. memory is available in gigabytes. But in raspberry pi board, the RAM memory is available more than 1GB. CPU: The Central processing unit is the brain of the raspberry pi board; it is responsible for making the operations. The raspberry pi uses ARM cortex-a53
processor, GPU (Gr aphics Processing Unit): The GPU is a specialized chip in the raspberry pi board and that is designed to speed up the operation of image calculations. This board designed with a Broadcom 400MHz video core. Wi-Fi module: Ethernet Port: The Ethernet port of the raspberry pi is the main gateway for communicating with additional devices. The raspberry pi Ethernet port is used to plug your home router to access the internet. GPIO Pins: The general purpose input & output pins are used in the raspberry pi to associate with the other electronic boards. These pins can accept input & output commands based on programming raspberry pi. The raspberry pi affords digital 40 GPIO pins. These pins are used to connect other electronic components. For example, you can connect it to the temperature sensor and analog to digital converter (ADC) to transmit digital data. Power Supply: The Raspberry Pi need 5V,2.5A power supply. The power source cable is small, which is placed on side of the shield. The main purpose of the power source connector is to enable Pi. Display: The connection options of the raspberry pi board are two types such as HDMI and Composite. Many LCD and HD TV monitors can be attached using an HDMI male cable and with a low-cost adapter. The versions of HDMI are 1.3 and 1.4 are supported and 1.4 version cable is recommended. The O/Ps of the Raspberry Pi audio and video through HMDI, but does not support HDMI I/P. Older TVs can be connected using composite video. When using a composite video connection, audio is available from the 3.5mm jack socket and can be sent to your TV. To send audio to your TV, you need a cable which adjusts from 3.5mm to double RCA connectors. Interfacing with sensors: A simple circuit is used to construct the office automation system shown in fig1.the raspberry pi GPIO pins are connected to 4 channel relay board through jumper cables. The relay board needs external 12V power supply. The output of relay channel connected to the electrical load of the office. The sensors will continuously sense the room conditions like (temperature, humidity, CO 2, light intensity) and send that analog data into analog to digital converter (MCP3008 ADC). The ADC will convert the all analog data into digital form and it is given to the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi. The GPIO pins will collect the information to the ADC and it will react the corresponding logic implemented on Raspberry Pi. Interfacing with loads: B. Software There are two types 1. Web interface 2. Android mobile 1. Web interface: HTTP PHP HTML/CSS PYTHON LINUX/RASBIN 2. Android mobile: Bluetooth terminal Android VNC Hacker s keyboard Fing This work is a web interface based on as shown above. This providing the framework for controlling GPIO port in Raspberry Pi using HTTP request. This framework also provides great functionalities to allow us to make our own webpage design based on HTML and CSS code. Web frameworks have additional functions like control, debug the port from any devices. Those devices can controlling by mobile applications. C. Android applications Since smartphones and tablets are basically smaller computers, they require pretty much the same components we see in desktops and laptops in order to offer us all the amazing things they can do (apps, music and video playing, 3D gaming support, advanced wireless features, etc). The Fig 2 shows the application for controlling the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi. The screen consists of a ON/OFF buttons of different types of loads. First of all link the IP address of the Raspberry Pi in a android application. Now the Raspberry Pi and Android application works on same network then set the required GPIO pins corresponding ON/OFF buttons of the different types of loads. Fig 1.3 Relay control android App 181
TABLE I. LIST OF PARAMETERS. No Parameters Normal range 1 Temperature 10 0 C 2 T 25 0 C 3 Air flow (ventilation) T > 25 0 C 4 Light 20% RH 5 H 40% RH 6 CO 2 conc. H >40% RH TABLE II. LOOK UP TABLE FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL. Fig1.4 controlling the loads with Android app S. Parameters Condition Status of No load 1 Temperature 10 0 C Off 2 Temperature T 25 0 C Off 3 Temperature T > 25 0 C On 4 20% RH Off 5 H 40% RH Off 6 H >40% RH On 7 CO 2 70PPM Off 8 CO 2 CO 2 >70PPM On Fig 1.5 overview of the Automation existing system A. Lookup table III. SMART INTELLIGENCE This table represents the different combinations of room atmospheric conditions like temperature, humidity, CO 2 values are to be estimated by the sensors based on the following conditions are listed below Necessity of Proper Ventilation in workspace There is necessity to maintain the proper atmospheric conditions at workspace because proper ventilation helps to improve the oxygen level and reduce the CO 2 value it results fresh air is available in the workspace It can be possible by controlling the ventilation or air pressure in that area, using automation techniques to fulfill this problem simply to add the sensors our existing automation system. It results to create the healthy atmosphere in office workspace 9 Temperature & T=+20 0, H=35% to Off 40% 10 Temperature & T=+20 0, H 40% On 11 Temperature & T=+10 0,H=30% Off 12 Temperature & T=+10 0,H > 30% On 13 Temperature & CO 2 T=+25 0, CO 2 <70PPM Off 14 Temperature & CO 2 T>25 0 C, CO 2 <70PPM On 15 Temperature & CO 2 T>25 0 C, CO 2 >70PPM On IV. IMPLEMENTATION The description of the installation process was as follows: i. Install of Raspbian OS in raspberry Pi following the steps according with official manual. ii. iii. iv. If any latest updates available update the OS. Latest available version is Raspbian Jessie lite. Then we have to begin the commands to install the wiring Pi and Apache web server and PHP. To create the PHP script in nano file editor and save it. v. Now Pi is ready to use with the created app and link the IP address of pi in-app URL set up to start switching or pulsing states of Pi GPIO pins. 182
vi. vii. viii. ix. Now coming to hardware of office automation system consists of Raspberry Pi, ADC converter, sensors, relay and loads. Connect the ADC to the Pi GPIO I2C pin. This converter interface the Raspberry Pi and sensors. Sensors will sense the proposed automation system and these signals given to ADC converter. ADC converter converts the analog signals to digital signal. These continuous signals are given to Pi GPIO pins. x. In our proposed system we follow the look-up table Algorithm, in these different combinations of atmospheric conditions are shown. If condition is not satisfy the normal atmospheric condition it shows the status of the load. xi. xii. Then, the sensing signals are satisfy the look-up table conditions. otherwise The signals which makes the GPIO pins active high/active low. This active high/active low of the GPIO pins status makes the particular loads turn ON/turn OFF. V. CONCLUSION In this digital world, where directly or indirectly everything is dependent on computation and information technology, By the concept of Internet of Things (Io T). Office automation is one of the major issue in software office sectors. Raspberry Pi proves to be a smart, economical and efficient platform for implementing the office automation.iot based office automation system will bring more convenience and comfort to the people s lives and it provides the better working conditions in office. The Android-based office automation system communicates with Raspberry Pi via WiFi. By using android application user can easily control and monitor the office temperature in web link also. The main advantage of office automation system user can control the system anywhere within the network. By using sensors we found the present conditions like temperature, CO 2,, light intensity in office environment by this to adjust these values as per our required levels. This proposed system is flexible, costeffective, scalable and efficient. It has many other features like security; energy monitoring and health monitoring can also be integrated. REFERENCES [1]. M. G. Golzar and H. Tajozzakerin, "A New Intelligent Remote Control System for Home Automation and Reduce Energy Consumption" in the Proceedings of Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation, 2010, pp. 174-180. 2. C. Gomez and J. Paradells, "Wireless Home Automation Networks: A survey of Architectures and Technologies", IEEE Communications Magazine, 2010. Vol. 48(6): pp. 92-101. 3. T. de Almeida Oliveira and E. P. Godoy, "ZigBee Wireless Dynamic Sensor Networks: Feasibility Analysis and Implementation Guide", IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016, Vol. 16(11): pp. 4614-4621. 4. T. de Almeida Oliveira and E. P. Godoy, "ZigBee Wireless Dynamic Sensor Networks: Feasibility Analysis and Implementation Guide", IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016, Vol. 16(11): pp. 4614-4621. 5. M. Enzweiler and D. M. Gavrila, Monocular pedestrian detection Survey and experiments, IEEE Transactions Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2179 2195, 2009. 6. Kim Jiho, Wan-Hee Cho, Yongjin Jeong, and Ohyoung Song."Intelligent energy management system for smart offices." In Consumer Electronics (I CCE), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 668-669. IEEE, 2012. 7. Kiyokawa, Kiyoshi, Masahide Hatanaka, Kazufumi Hosoda, Masashi Okada, Hironori Shigeta, Yasunori Ishihara, Fukuhito Ooshita, Hirotsugu Kakugawa, Satoshi Kurihara, and Koichi Moriyama. "Owens Luis A context-aware multi-modal smart office chair in an ambient environment." In Virtual Reality Short Papers and Posters (VRW), 2012 IEEE, pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2012. 8 I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, A Survey on Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Maga- zine, August 2002, pp. 102-114, 2002. 183