Testovanie bieleho šumu

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Transcription:

Beáta Stehlíková FMFI UK Bratislava

Opakovanie z prednášky

Vygenerujeme dáta Vygenerujeme dáta: N <- 250 # pocet dat set.seed(12345) # aby sme mali rovnake vysledky x <- rnorm(n, mean=10, sd=1) # nezavisle N(10,1) Budeme testovať, či sú bielym šumom. Aká je skutočnosť - sú alebo nie sú?

Priebeh dát Zobrazte priebeh vygenerovaných dát x 8 9 10 11 12 0 50 100 150 200 250 Index

Úloha 1 Zobrazte výberovú autokorelačnú funkciu a interpretujte výstup. Series x ACF 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 5 10 15 20 Lag

Úloha 2 Testujte Ljung-Boxovym testom hypotézu, že autokorelácie rádu 1, 2, 3, 4 sú súčasne nulové. ## ## Box-Ljung test ## ## data: x ## X-squared = 1.1951, df = 4, p-value = 0.8789

Úloha 2 - rozšírenie V cykle vypočítajte p-hodnoty zodpovedajúce testovaniu hypotézy, že prvých k autokorelácií je súčasne nulových, pre k od 1 do 20. # Postup: k.max <- 20 p.hodnoty <- rep(na, k.max) for (i in 1:k.max) { # doplnte priradenie do vektora p.hodnoty } # doplnte kreslenie grafu

Úloha 2 - rozšírenie p.hodnoty 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 5 10 15 20 1:k.max

Načítajte (ak treba, aj nainštalujte) knižnicu quantmod library(quantmod) Viac o tejto knižnici: http://www.quantmod.com

Ceny akcií - dáta Napríklad: getsymbols("amzn", from="2014-01-01", to="2014-12-31", auto.assign=true) ## [1] "AMZN" head(amzn) ## AMZN.Open AMZN.High AMZN.Low AMZN.Close AMZN. ## 2014-01-02 398.80 399.36 394.02 397.97 2 ## 2014-01-03 398.29 402.71 396.22 396.44 2 ## 2014-01-06 395.85 397.00 388.42 393.63 3 ## 2014-01-07 395.04 398.47 394.29 398.03 1 ## 2014-01-08 398.47 403.00 396.04 401.92 2 ## 2014-01-09 Beáta Stehlíková FMFI 403.71 UK Bratislava 406.89 Testovanie bieleho 398.44 šumu 401.01 2

Ceny akcií - pekné grafy :) AMZN [2014 01 02/2014 12 31] Last 310.350006 400 380 360 340 320 300 20 15 10 Volume (millions): 2,048,000 280 5 Jan 02 2014 Mar 03 2014 May 01 2014 Jul 01 2014 Sep 02 2014 Nov 03 2014 Dec 31 2014

Ceny akcií - grafy Na predchádzajúcom slajde: chartseries(amzn, theme="white") Skúste aj: # od januara do marca chartseries(amzn, subset="2014-01::2014-03") # mesacne data AMZN.mesacne <- to.monthly(amzn) AMZN.mesacne # vypiseme chartseries(amzn.mesacne) # graf

Ceny akcií - grafy Nepovinné - pre záujemcov: Pozná napríklad aj Moving Average Convergence/Divergence Oscillator (MACD) http://stockcharts.com/school/doku. php?id=chart_school:technical_indicators: moving_average_convergence_divergence_macd chartseries(amzn) addmacd()

Ceny akcií - grafy AMZN [2014 01 02/2014 12 31] Last 310.350006 400 380 360 340 320 300 20 15 Volume (millions): 2,048,000 280 10 5 4 2 Moving Average Convergence Divergence (12,26,9): MACD: 0.631 Signal: 0.942 0 2 4 Jan 02 2014 Mar 03 2014 May 01 2014 Jul 01 2014 Aug 01 2014 Oct 01 2014 Nov 03 2014 Dec 31 2014

Výnosy Logaritmické výnosy z cien AMZN.Adjusted: # vynos_t = log(cena_t / cena_{t-1}) AMZN.vynosy <- diff(log(amzn$amzn.adjusted)) chartseries(amzn.vynosy, theme="white") Zistite, či ich môžeme považovať za biely šum (výberová ACF, Ljung-Boxov test).

Výnosy AMZN.vynosy [2014 01 03/2014 12 31] Last 0.00016117941059246 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 Jan 03 2014 Mar 03 2014 May 01 2014 Jul 01 2014 Sep 02 2014 Nov 03 2014 Dec 31 2014