Putting Open Access into Practice

Putting Open Access into Practice Dr. Nancy Pontika Connecting Repositories (CORE) Knowledge Media Institute Open University Twitter: @oacore VTT, Espoo (Finland) 11-12 May 2015 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

Outline * Introduction to Open Access (OA) * The need for aggregating open access content * The CORE system

Research Cycle Research Idea Receives funding Publication Research Conduction

Who does research?

How much does it cost to access it?

Who has access?

What is Open Access (OA)? By open access to [peer-reviewed research literature], we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. [BOAI, 2002]

OA Routes : open access repositories Repositories Green Route * Do NOT perform peer-review * Pre-prints, postprints, final version * Standardized: OAIPMH compatible Institutional Open Research Online (ORO) Subject arxiv.org

OA Routes : open access journals Gold route * Open Access Journals offer peer-reviewed research, pure open access journals. Sometimes they charge an Article Processing Charge (APC), sometimes they do not. * Subscription based journals that offer an open route- hybrid journals- always charge Article Processing Charges (APCs)

Creative Commons Licenses

OA Growth

Growth of items in OA repositories

Records stored across all OARs 164,259,752 records across 2,531 repositories as estimated by OpenDOAR [December, 2013 -http://www.opendoar.org/]

HEFCE OA policy Higher market share for OA content imminent!

Access + reuse = Open Access http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php? f=1533

Outline * Introduction to Open Access (OA) * The need for aggregating open access content * The CORE system

COAR: About harvesting and aggregations Each individual repository is of limited value for research: the real power of Open Access lies in the possibility of connecting and tying together repositories, which is why we need interoperability. In order to create a seamless layer of content through connected repositories from around the world, Open Access relies on interoperability, the ability for systems to communicate with each other and pass information back and forth in a usable format. Interoperability allows us to exploit today's computational power so that we can aggregate, data mine, create new tools and services, and generate new knowledge from repository content. [COAR manifesto]

What is an aggregation? 1. Data standardisation 3. Standardised communication Users Aggregator 2. Data collection, harmonisation & enrichment Data providers

What is an aggregation? Aggregators are intermediaries between providers and users that collect resources from many sources and add value by improving access to them. Physical world: * libraries * book stores * museums * art galleries *supermarkets Digital world: * digital libraries (e.g. PubMed) * collections (e.g. The European Library) * search engines (e.g. Google cache) * newspaper aggregators (e.g. Google News) * online retailers (e.g. Amazon) * travel aggregators (e.g. Kayak) * insurance aggregators (GoCompare) * aggregators of research papers (e.g. CORE)

Successful online aggregators and value * Reduce the time accessing information * Standardise and harmonise content from many providers * Enrich content with new information * Provide harmonised access to users * Enable the discovery of new information

Few aggregators provide unrestricted access to data Services Aggregator Data providers Human user Machine user Typically little or no support

Outline * Introduction to Open Access (OA) * The need for aggregating open access content * The CORE system

UK need for aggregation Bringing the UK s open access research outputs together: Feasibility study commissioned by Jisc, published June 2014 Referred to as Open Mirror http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5570/1/jisc_report_open_mirror_090514_final_web.pdf

UK need for aggregations - conclusion Jisc should support CORE and seek international support for it. CORE should focus on [a]ggregating materials from UK IRs and from publishers and subject repositories of outputs with UK-based authors to ensure that UK resources are well represented in CORE l

CORE's mission Aggregate all open access content distributed across different systems worldwide, enrich this content and provide access to it through a set of services

Genesis of the CORE project family Oct '10 First steps of CORE Feb '11 (6M) CORE Jisc Nov '11 (9M) ServiceCORE Jan '12 (28M) DiggiCORE, Jisc ESRC - NWO Feb '13 (36M) Europeana Cloud Apr '13 (4M) CORE HEIF - HEFCE Jul '13 CORE selected UK national aggregator Feb '14 (4M) UK Aggregation Jul '14 (3M) UK Aggregation 2 Summer '15 More to come...

The aggregation process

Processing pipeline * * * * * * * * * * Metadata download, extraction and cleaning Full-text harvesting Text-extraction Language detection Extraction of citation references from text Detection of citation reference targets Identification of related content Detection of duplicate items Parsing of author names Indexing

CORE supports a 3 level access architecture * Programmable (raw) data access - As downloadable files or through API * Transaction information access - Explore content released through the use of a web portal and its search * Analytical information access - Access to statistical information at the collection level through the use of tables or charts. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november12/knoth/11knoth.html

CORE supports a 3 level access architecture * Programmable (raw) data access. - Developers, DLs, DL researchers, companies * Transaction information access. - Researchers, students, life-long learners * Analytical information access. - Funders, government, bussiness intelligence http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november12/knoth/11knoth.html

CORE supports a 3 level access architecture * Programmable (raw) data access. - Apps: CORE API, CORE Data Dumps * Transaction information access. - Apps: CORE Portal, CORE Mobile, CORE (recommendation) Plugin * Analytical information access. - Apps: Repository Analytics, CORE Policy Compliance Analytics, Repositories Dashboard (implementation phase) http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november12/knoth/11knoth.html

Exposing the aggregated content

CORE applications (1) CORE Portal Allows searching and navigating scientific publications aggregated from Open Access repositories

CORE applications (2) CORE Mobile Allows searching and navigating scientific publications aggregated from Open Access repositories

CORE applications (3)

CORE applications (4a) CORE Plugin A plugin to system that recommendations for related items.

CORE applications (4b) CORE Plugin A plugin to system that recommendations for related items.

Build on top of CORE API... CORE Plugin A cross-repository recommendation system integrated into OJS.

CORE Applications (5) Repository Analytics is an analytical tool supporting providers of open access content (in particular repository managers)

CORE Applications (6) Repository Dashboard (under development) Tool to support the implementation and monitoring of the UK HEFCE OA policy.

The definition of OA for post-2014 REF Consultation on OA in the post-2014 Research Excellence Framework, paragraph 25 says that: - Accessible through a UK HEI repository (immediately upon acceptance or publication). - Made available as the final peer-reviewed text (full-text) after a (reasonable) embargo period specified by the publisher. - Harvestable using automated tools. - In a machine readable form to allow text-mining - Unambiguously identifiable in the institutional repository, including items available through a link to another website.

The developed tool

CORE statistics current state (1) * Content: 24M+ records, 670+ repositories, 1.8M+ full-texts * The world s largest full-text open access dataset and still growing * The UK national aggregator (part of Repositories Shared Services project - Jisc) * Full-text aggregator (not just metadata) * Placed among Top 10 search engines for research that go beyond Google [Jisc, 2013] * Listed among Top 100 Thesis and Dissertation Resources * Part of Jisc s Repositories Shared Services Project * Exploring a partnership of Jisc and OU to deliver CORE service

CORE statistics current state (2) Used by many researchers and organisations, including: * the European Library * UNESCO * ResearchResearch.com * Open Access Button * OARR project (Nottingham University, Cottage Labs) * HyberLink (Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Edinburgh) * Georgetown University researchers * Bauhaus University Weimar researchers * The repository community (OARR, RIOXX, IRUS-UK)

Conclusion * Open Access outputs available online on the rise * OA infrastructure, (repositories, aggregators) must enable efficient use * CORE provides single access point to this knowledge and enables its mining * Opportunities for innovative applications and research * There are challenges making aggregators hard to operate and maintain * OA infrastructure should be available for the benefit of all and should not be owned by the publishing lobby

Have some fun with Open Access * Open Access Explained! http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php?f=1533 * Open Access quiz http://nile.lub.lu.se/lodownload/68/quiz_08.htm

Thank you! Dr. Nancy Pontika Email: nancy.pontika@open.ac.uk Twitter: @nancypontika