Anycast. Ľubor Jurena CEO Michal Kolárik System Administrator

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Transcription:

Anycast Ľubor Jurena CEO jurena@skhosting.eu Michal Kolárik System Administrator kolarik@skhosting.eu

O nás Registrátor Webhosting Serverové riešenia Správa infraštruktúry Všetko sa dá :-)

Index Čo je to anycast? Ako prevádzkovať vlastnú anycast sieť? Problémy technické, právne Monitoring

Čo je to anycast?

Anycast nie je... Unicast Jeden cieľový server Source 10.10.10.10 R1 R2 R3 SRV1 Dst 192.168.10.1 SRV2 Dst 192.168.20.1 R4 SRV3 Dst 192.168.30.1

Anycast nie je... Multicast Jeden zdroj a skupina príjemcov IPv4 224.0.0.0/4 Source 10.10.10.10 R1 R2 R3 R4 C1 C2 C3 Dst 192.168.10.1 232.2.3.2 Dst 192.168.20.2 232.2.3.4 Dst 192.168.30.3 232.2.3.4

Anycast nie je... Broadcast Napr. ARP B A C D

Anycast nie je... Technológia Protokol Nevyžaduje špeciálne technologógie / zariadenia...

Anycast JE... RFC 1546:,,Host Anycasting Service AΩ koreňovej DNS infraštruktúry Všetky servery vystupujú pod jednou IP adresou O smerovaní rozhoduje smerovací protokol

Anycast JE... Layer 3 routing Source 10.10.10.10 R1 R2 R3 SRV1 Dst 192.168.10.1 SRV2 Dst 192.168.10.1 Routing table Dst Next Hop Distance R4 R5 SRV3 Dst 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1/32 R2 1 192.168.10.1/32 R3 1 192.168.10.1/32 R4 2

Anycast JE... Ako to vidí smerovač? R2 Source 10.10.10.10 R1 R3 SRV Dst 192.168.10.1 Routing table Dst Next Hop Distance 192.168.10.1/32 R2 1 192.168.10.1/32 R3 1 192.168.10.1/32 R4 2 R4 R5

AMS -> F Root lubor@ams:~$ traceroute f.root-servers.net traceroute to f.root-servers.net (192.5.5.241), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 * * * 2 108.61.99.1 (108.61.99.1) 0.322 ms 0.545 ms 0.402 ms 3 ams-ix.as13335.net (80.249.211.140) 1.044 ms 1.037 ms 1.056 ms 4 f.root-servers.net (192.5.5.241) 0.904 ms 0.921 ms 0.908 ms lubor@ams:~$ dig hostname.bind @f.root-servers.net chaos txt... hostname.bind. 60 CH TXT "AMS.cf.f.root-servers.org"...

SAO -> F Root lubor@sao:~$ traceroute f.root-servers.net traceroute to f.root-servers.net (192.5.5.241), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 191.96.70.1 (191.96.70.1) 0.266 ms 0.162 ms 0.220 ms 2 177-234-154-33.static.hostdime.com (177.234.154.33) 0.173 ms 0.169 ms 0.241 ms 3 as30122.saopaulo.sp.ix.br (187.16.217.105) 0.680 ms 177-234-156-254.static.hostdime.com (177.234.156.254) 0.204 ms as30122.saopaulo.sp.ix.br (187.16.217.105) 0.673 ms 4 f.root-servers.net (192.5.5.241) 0.664 ms 0.662 ms 0.654 ms lubor@sao:~$ dig hostname.bind @f.root-servers.net chaos txt... hostname.bind. 60 CH TXT "gru1a.f.root-servers.org"...

BTS -> F Root lubor@bts:~$ traceroute f.root-servers.net traceroute to f.root-servers.net (192.5.5.241), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 ba-gw1-vl300.skhosting.eu (185.66.200.254) 0.660 ms 0.774 ms 0.872 ms 2 46.229.239.89.host.vnet.sk (46.229.239.89) 0.708 ms 0.775 ms 0.889 ms 3 109.74.147.188.host.vnet.sk (109.74.147.188) 47.392 ms 47.377 ms 47.386 ms 4 nixsk1.cloudflare.com (194.30.187.171) 2.093 ms 2.078 ms 2.064 ms 5 f.root-servers.net (192.5.5.241) 1.952 ms 1.902 ms 1.892 ms lubor@bts:~$ dig hostname.bind @f.root-servers.net chaos txt... hostname.bind. 60 CH TXT "VIE.cf.f.root-servers.org"...

Dôvody pre anycast Fail-over Zlepšenie odozvy Zvýšenie robustnosti Load balancing Ochrana pred útokmi

Ako nasadiť anycast? IP adresy Konfigurácia anycast servera Routing Quagga, BIRD,...

IP Adresy Minimálne 2 IP adresy 1 IP anycastová 1 IP unicastová Anycastovú IP spravidla nasadíme na loopback ifconfig lo0:1 192.168.10.1/24

Konfigurácia anycast servera Upravenie firewall-u Pripravenie služieb na anycast Synchronizácia všetkých anycast serverov Centrálna správa konfigurácie Rovnaký obsah vo všetkých lokalitách

Routing Statický smerovací protokol Dynamický smerovací protokol BGP

bird.conf filter ipout { if net = 192.168.10.0/24 then accept; } filter ipin { if net = 0.0.0.0/0 then accept; } router id 192.168.10.1; protocol direct { interface "loopback0"; } protocol kernel { persist; scan time 20; import all; export all; } protocol device { scan time 10; } protocol bgp anycast { source address 192.168.1.1; export filter ipout; import filter ipin; graceful restart on; local as 65001; Routing

Problémy pri prevádzke

Technické Dodávatelia So why not using our IPs? will this affects your service??? ISP pripojení na druhom konci sveta BGP algoritmus Najkratšie neznamená najrýchlejšie Ktorý server má problém?

Právne Štátne obmedzenia Čo je zakázané v USA nemusí byť v EU Middle East

Monitoring

Prečo monitorovať? Potreba byť včas informovaný o výpadku servera a služby Zníženie reakčného času v prípade problémov História dát o serveri

Ako monitorovať anycast? Monitorujeme každý server zvlášť (služby, prostriedky) To nestačí, potrebujeme vedieť či sú jednotlivé serveri vo svete dostupné a ako sú dostupné. Potrebujeme monitorovať každý náš server z rôznych lokalít. Monitorovanie odozvy z rôznych lokalít na našu anycast sieť.

Možnosti monitorovania anycastu Platené služby monitorovania CDN sietí RIPE Atlas sondy umiestnené v lokalitách po svete, umožňujúce spúšťať merania za kredit.

Prečo RIPE Atlas sondy? Cena Možnosť výberu konkrétnej sondy s približnou polohou Viacero možností pre meranie Dobrá dostupnosť (nie všade rovnaká)

Ako vybrať sondy? RIPE Atlas používa 2 typy: Anchors Probes

Ako vybrať sondy? Systémové tagy: Anchor IPv4 works IPv4 capable IPv4 60d

Ako vybrať sondy?

Aký typ merania použiť? Traceroute pre výber vhodných sond (3 sondy)

Aký typ merania použiť? Ping meranie odozvy na server

Ako spracovať dáta z merania? Spracovanie status-check dát Predspracované dáta z ping monitoringu Každú minútu - update

Spracovanie merani do Zabbix-u

Kedy informovať o probléme? Pri zvýšení odozvy nad 50ms v časovom rozhrani 2 minút Ďalšie možnosti: možnosť informovania o ALERTE z RIPE (nemusí byť vhodné pre anycast) Možnosť informovania v prípade problému súčastne na viacerých alebo všetkých sondách

Príklad nasadenia

Ďakujeme za pozornosť Ľubor Jurena CEO jurena@skhosting.eu Michal Kolárik System Administrator kolarik@skhosting.eu