Research on Improving performance and Battery Backup of Android Mobile with help of Cyanogen Mod, and latest kernel Abstract Tushar G Patil. MCA, Mumbai University Institute of Management & Computer Studies, C-4, Wagle Industrial Estate, Near Mulund Check Naka,Thane (W) Android platform is a new generation of smart mobile Phone platform launched by Google. Android provides the support of mobile map and location service, GPRS/3G/WI-FI, Gaming, and Social Networking which is probably a concern of vast numbers of developers. So far, the development of mobile applications is complex and difficult, and is often required to pay for well-developed applications. Android is free and open, providing an easy-to-use development kit containing flexible map display and control functions. This paper introduces the architecture and component models of Android, and analyzes the anatomy of an Android application including the functions of Activity, Intent Receiver, Service, Content Provider, and etc. based on Android. The main Problem of the battery backup of the android mobile is discussed. The resource allocation by android or the application install in the android are responsible for the low battery backup. This research is show to that the most battery power is wasted, while the mobile is Idle.to increase the performance if the android mobile we need to boot it with good kernel, Cyanogen Mod ROM. Keyword: -Android, battery backup, Kernal, Cynogenmod. INTRODUCTION The Open Handset Alliance released the Google Android SDK on November 12, 007. The conception of the Android platform is attracting more and more programmers in mobile computing fields. Android is a package of software for www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 127
mobile devices, including an operating system, middleware and core applications. The Android SDK provides powerful tools and APIs necessary to develop applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. Android platform is of open system architecture, with versatile development and debugging environment, but also supports a variety of scalable user experience, which has optimized graphics systems, rich media support and a very powerful browser. It enables reuse and replacement of components and an efficient database support and support various wireless communication means. It uses a Dalvik virtual machine heavily optimized for mobile devices. Android also supports GPS, VideoCamera, compass, and 3d-accelerometer and provides rich APIs for map and location functions. Users can flexibly access, control and process the free Google map and implement location based mobile service in his mobile systems at low cost. Android platform will not only promote the technology (including the platform itself) of innovation, but also help to reduce development costs, and enable developers to form their mobile systems with unique characteristics. The architecture of Android framework and the anatomy of an Android application are addressed in section II and section III. Based on the analyses, the design of a location-based mobile service on Android is then presented in section IV. And the last section gives the conclusion. II. ANDROID ARCHITECTURE The Android architecture and its main components are shown in Fig.1 as follows Figure 1. Android architecture. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 128
A. Applications A set of core applications are on the top level in the framework, including an email client, a SMS app, a calendar, a maps-application, web browser, contacts-app, and many more. All apps are written using the Java programming language. B. Application Framework Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications. The application architecture is designed to simplify the reusing of all components. This mechanism allows every component to be replaced by the user. Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including a rich and extensible set of Activities Views that can be used to build an application, including grids, lists, text views edit Introduction Texts, Spinners, Buttons, an embeddable web browser and even an Map View which can be put into every app within very few lines of code; Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data; a automatic Resource Manager, making non-code resources accessible from code; a Notification Manager that enabling all applications to show custom alerts in the upper status bar; an Activity Manager managing the life of each applications and providing a useful navigation backtrack. C. Libraries Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. Some of the core libraries are listed in Fig.1. D. Android Runtime Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java programming language. Every Android application runs in its own process given by the OS, and owns its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently. The Dalvik VM is executing files in the.dex (Dalvik Executable) format which was optimized for minimal cpuand-memory-usage. The Virtual Machine is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed at compile-time into the.dex format using the "dx" tool, that are shipped with the SDK. The Linux Kernel can run multiple instances of the Dalvik VM, also providing underlying functionality such as threads and lowest-level memory management. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 129
E. Linux Kernel Android relies on Linux (Kernel version 2.6) for core system services such as memory management, process management, network stack, security, and driver model. Thecore also acts as a hardware abstraction layer between the applications and all the hardware. Android management with Kenal and Cynogen ROM What Is a Kernel? A kernel is a part of the system which communication between the application which crated for the system to run on that system.it help the application to provide it the communication between the cpu, memory, device. Android OS use Linux Kernal. It is not as a rom it s a program which help t generate the path between application, cpu, memory and device. The greate kernar improve the performance of the smartphone and battery too. It depends upon u that what u should need to install kernel in u r smart phone. There is the some feature that helps the phone: 1) Clock rate: With new kernal the clock speed of the processor should be increase than the given manufactural clock speed it helps toincease the battery. 2) Voltage: Much people things that high clock rate reduce the battery life but it s a muth that the Cyanogen Mod provides the low power and high clock rate of cpu. Some ROMS have further sub-categories in this section, like Hybrid Adaptive Voltage Scaling (HAVS), which can be better for battery life (at the risk of stability) and Static Voltage Scaling (SVS), which keeps your phone at a steady voltage. The best kernel in current os which we want to install HTC ECO 4G Kernal. Some kernel prvoid some extra features like wifi therting.basically avoid that kernel which help to disable the some inbuilt function.. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 130
Effect on process while running back ground application. As the Xiaomi Mi4i Android Smartphones comes with the MIUI v6 UI, it does bring along all the user loved features of the MIUI v6 that we have experienced in earlier devices such as the Xiaomi Redmi 2, the Xiaomi Mi4 and the Xiaomi MiPad. Under the Security application on your Xiaomi Mi4i, tap on the Battery icon which will be displayed at the bottom left corner. And now, you will be displayed with 3 options: Battery Saver, Scheduled Profile Switch and Batter Profiles. There are 3 different battery profiles available, namely Default, Marathon and Sleep, which can be toggled between manually or set to automatically change using the Scheduled Profile Switch option. The Battery saver options lets your device run on reduced power resources to save battery. Lot off the unwanted programs are run on the background process they don t need but they are be in that running queue. There will be a specific program which need to control on that application which are running as background. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 131
Basically this is the basic structure of any application where the Android Maifest.xml File contain the android permission list as, It not directly that back ground processes are block but their unwanted access should be bock like:- Facebook internet access when not in use, games ram remove while the screen off. We can also specifies the some apps access which u want to run then always like what s up etc. Cyanogen Mod helps to improve performance. When we install the Cyanogen Mod in your android mobile you are ready to customize your mobile as per your requirement. As the company specified android OS is given as per the mobile secure ness, companies never give the full excess to that mobile to work to the overfull stock. When you install the Cyanogen Mod you should be increase the ram of your mobile to get the extra addition space. We can uninstall the company give in-build application from device. In specific version of android mobile the companies never gives the update of the OS. While the Cyanogen Mod Has no Problem while to update the current CyanogenMod. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 132
This above OS are not providing the extra feature like Google Now, Project Butter, and extra camera functionality. Also not give addition access to the above application to perform the task. Cyanogen Mod isn t just a straight port of Google s Android source code the development team is continually experimenting with and implementing its own software ideas to improve the default Android experience. Cyanogen Mod has often been on the cutting edge of Android innovation and some of its features have even made their way into official versions of Android. Cyanogen Mod is a pretty customizable ROM, with enough options to tailor Android to just how you like it. For the audio enthusiasts out there, the built-in DSP Manager gives you plenty of control over your sound. It even allows users to set up different profiles based on whether they re listening through headphones or the handset s built-in speakers. Cyanogen Mod implements SELinux to improve the security of the operating system. This works on the principle of using mandatory access controls, rather than root permissions, in order to control which parts of the system apps can and cannot access. Short description of installation of Kernal and Cyanogen Mod:- 1) Download Google dirver, Cynogen mod,sdk tool. 2) Connect Your Mobile through USB to Computer, 3) Set it to the boot screen and install latest kernel in device 4) Flash the Cyanogen Mod ROM to the device. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 133
Conclusion:- While we are boot our device or we install new kernel it provides extra feature like CPU cock rate increasing, low disturbance which cause the performance increase and battery saver. While we are install Cyanogen Mod our mobile apps has given much more access to perform their task as fast as the CPU utilization process. It also provides the extra ram feature which help to load heavy apps to our device. Thus your mobile performance is increase and battery backup is automatically increased. References:- 1) Sumandeep Kaur, II Sugandha Sharma, III Mayank Arora " Research Paper on Enhanced Battery for Android Phones using the Power of Cloud through Data Synchronization" Vol. 2, Issue 3 (July - Sept. 2014),IJARCST 2014. 2) Research on Mobile Location Service Design Based on Android[ Xianhua Shu, Zhenjun Du, Rong Chen]. 3) Sumaiya Patel, Darshana Thakur, Sujit Sekhar. Priyanks Dhamane "Lockme - Android Security Application" IJCER, VOL. 3, Issue. 3 4) http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.4.20 5) http://developer.android.com 6) www.google.com. www.shreeprakashan.com Vol-IV, Issue VI, June-2015. Page 134