3D PRINTING 1 12 DECEMBER 2017 PETR VALENTA CONTENT: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY 3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 4. WORKFLOW 5. APPLICATIONS 6. CONCLUSION
1. Introduction 2 2005 2007, Software: Blender
1. Introduction [2] 3 3D Printing: techniques used to create a threedimensional solid object from a digital file by successively adding material layer by layer (additive manufacturing) [1] used for rapid prototyping and manufacturing usually faster and cheaper than using conventional manufacturing methods allows complex shapes, minimize waste material [3] 2017, Praha 4-Nusle:
2. History 4 1984 Charles Hull (3D Systems, US) Stereolitography (SLA) - curing liquid photopolymers with UV lasers, invented STL file format [5] [3] 1988 Scott Crump (Stratasys, US) - Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM) special application of plastic extrusion, used by most 3D printers to date [6] 1989 Carl Deckard, Joe Beaman (University of Texas, US) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) binding powdered material together by lasers to create a solid object [7] Charles Hull [4] 1991 First SLA machine introduced to market (3D Systems) [8] 1992 First FDM machine introduced to market (Stratasys) [9] 1992 First SLS machine introduced to market (DTM) [10] Scott Crump
3. General principles a) Stereolitography (SLA) printer: [11] 5 MATERIALS: Plastic (ABS, PP, PC, PE) PRIME APPLICATIONS Design visualization Light-duty functional prototyping ADVANTAGES Highest available resolution and quality of surface finish Large range of part sizes Medium range of available material properties [12] DISADVANTAGES Durability
3. General principles 6 b) Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM) printer: MATERIALS: Plastic (ABS, PC, Nylon) PRIME APPLICATIONS Functional parts [13] ADVANTAGES Durability Cost (200 30.000 ) DISADVANTAGES Surface finish Resolution [14]
3. General principles 7 c) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Printer: [15] MATERIALS Plastic, metal, ceramic, or glass PRIME APPLICATIONS Production parts ADVANTAGES Highest available durability Range of part sizes Range of material properties [16] DISADVANTAGES Cost (300.000 1.000.000 )
4. Workflow 8 1. Prepare a 3D model: modeling software, 3D scanner, digital camera + photogrammetry software, download 2. Convert a 3D model to STL or OBJ file format 3. Check for errors and printability (holes, face normals, self-intersections, ) 4. Use a slicer software to produce a G-code containing instructions tailored to a specific type of 3D printer and a material 5. Print a 3D model [17] [18] 6. Finish a model (remove redundant material, paint a model) [19] [20]
5. Applications 9 a) Mechanical engineering: [22] Mechanical components [21] Parts and device for planes engines [23] Car design [25] [24]
5. Applications 10 b) Civil engineering and architecture: [26] Construction components Architectural models [27] [30] Whole houses [28] [29]
5. Applications 11 c) Medicine: bones [35] [37] ear [33] implants [31] dentures [35] medical equipment orthosis, prosthetics [32] skin, blood vessels [34] organs [36]
5. Applications 12 d) Other applications: art and design textile industry - fashion food industry - squeezing out food into 3D objects (NASA studied the feasibility of printing food in space) [38] [39] [40] archelogy replication of ancient artifacts forensic pathology reconstruction of bones and body parts [42] paleontology reconstruction of fossils [41] [43]
6. Conclusion 13 3D Printing: techniques used to create a threedimensional solid object from a digital file by successively adding material layer by layer (additive manufacturing) used for rapid prototyping and manufacturing usually faster and cheaper than using conventional manufacturing methods allows complex shapes, minimize waste material Has huge potential in applications (engineering, medicine) signals the beginning of a third industrial revolution, succeeding the production line assembly Production may become extremely local and customized and occur in response to actual demand, not anticipated or forecast demand